Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives

Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives are generally rare. Although the Republican party and Democratic party have dominated American politics in a two-party system since 1856, other political parties and independents have run, been elected and exerted influence.

This article lists all representatives since the end of Reconstruction or after the 45th United States Congress (1879) who were third-party affiliated or independent while they were in office, although dating them from the first year they were in the House in any affiliation.

Since 1877, there have been 111 third party U.S. Congress Representatives: 6 from the Modern era, 36 from the Progressive era, 44 from the Populist era, and 25 from the Greenback era.

1949–2010: Modern era

• 
  Delegate
  Gregorio Sablan
  of the Northern Mariana Islands at-large
  Elected as an Independent, he joined the Democrats. He switched back and was re-elected.
  (2009-Present)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Virgil Goode
  of Virginia 5th
  Swithched from Democratic to independent in 2000, then to Republican in 2002
  (1997–2009)
• 
  Delegate
  Victor O. Frazer of the U.S. Virgin Islands at-large
  Elected as an Independent (1995-1997)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Bernie Sanders
  of Vermont At-large
  Elected as an Independent
  (1991–2007)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Norman F. Lent
  of New York 5th
  Elected as a Conservative, sat as Republican
  (1971–1993)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Frazier Reams
  of Ohio 9th
  Elected as an Independent
  (1951–1955)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Irwin D. Davidson
  of New York 20th
  Elected as a Liberal, sat as Democratic
  (1955–1956)
• 
  U.S. Congressman
  Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.
  of New York 20th
  Elected as a Liberal, re-elected as Democratic
  (1949–1955)

1913–1948: Progressive era

• 
  U.S. Congressman (1948–1949) Leo Isacson – Elected from the American Labor Party ticket
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1943–1955) Harold Hagen – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1942
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1939–1945) Vito Marcantonio – Elected from the American Labor Party ticket
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) John Bernard – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1936
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) Dewey Johnson – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1936
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1937–1953) Franck R. Havenner – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) Henry Teigan – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1936
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) Thomas Ryum Amlie – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) Gerald J. Boileau – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1943) Rich T. Buckler – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1934
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1943) Bernard J. Gehrmann – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1945) Harry Sauthoff – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) George J. Schneider – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1944) Merlin Hull – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) Gardner R. Withrow – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1933–1935) Henry M. Arens – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1932
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1933–1935) Magnus Johnson – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1932
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1933–1937) Ernest Lundeen – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1932
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1933–1935) Francis Shoemaker – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1932
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1929–1939) Paul John Kvale – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1928
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1923–1927) Knud Wefald – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1922
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1923–1929) Ole J. Kvale – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1922
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1919–1929) William Leighton Carss – Elected as a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1918
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1915–1923) Meyer London – Elected as a Socialist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1915–1929) Whitmell P. Martin – Elected as a Progressive
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1911–1923) Ira C. Copley – Switched from a Republican to a Progressive in 1915
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1919) Walter M. Chandler – Elected as a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Jacob Falconer – Elected a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) William H. Hinebaugh – Elected as a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Willis James Hulings – Elected as a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) William Josiah MacDonald – Elected as a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Henry Wilson Temple – Elected a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Charles M. Thomson – Elected a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Roy O. Woodruff – Elected a Progressive in 1913
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1913–1917) Bill Kent – Elected as an independent

1891–1913: Populist era

• 
  U.S. Congressman (1911–1929) Victor L. Berger – Elected as a Socialist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1901–1903) Caldwell Edwards – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1901–1903) Thomas L. Glenn – Elected as a Silver
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1899–1901) John Wilbur Atwater – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1899–1903) William Neville – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1899–1901) Edgar Wilson – Elected as a Silver
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Charles A. Barlow – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Jeremiah D. Botkin – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Curtis H. Castle – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) John Edgar Fowler – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William Laury Greene – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) James Gunn – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William Carey Jones – Elected as a Silver
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) John Edward Kelley – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Freeman Knowles – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Charles Martin – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Samuel Maxwell – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Nelson B. McCormick – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Mason S. Peters – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1901) Edwin R. Ridgely – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1903) William Ledyard Stark – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1901) Roderick Dhu Sutherland – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William D. Vincent – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1896–1897) Albert Taylor Goodwyn – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1895–1904) John F. Shafroth – Switched from Republican to Silver in 1897
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) Milford W. Howard – Elected as a Populist in 1894
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) Harry Skinner – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) William Franklin Strowd – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1903) John Calhoun Bell – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Marion Cannon – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Lafe Pence – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1899) Alonzo C. Shuford – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Thomas Jefferson Hudson – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Haldor Boen – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Bill Harris – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1897) Bill Baker – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) Benjamin H. Clover – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1895) John Davis – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) Kittel Halvorson – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1897) Omer Madison Kem – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1895) William A. McKeighan – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) John G. Otis – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1895) Jerry Simpson – Elected as a Populist
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) Thomas E. Watson – Elected as a Populist

1877–1890: Greenback era

• 
  U.S. Congressman (1889–1891) Lewis P. Featherstone – Elected as a member of the Labor Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) Samuel I. Hopkins – Elected as a member of the Labor Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) John Nichols – Elected as an independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) Henry Smith – Elected as a member of the Labor Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1884–1885) Benjamin F. Shively – Elected as a member of the National Anti-Monopolist party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1883–1885) James Ronald Chalmers – Elected as an Independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1883–1885) Ted Lyman – Elected as an Independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1883–1885) Thomas P. Ochiltree – Elected as an Independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1909) Charles N. Brumm – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1880
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) Joseph Henry Burrows – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1880
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) Ira Sherwin Hazeltine – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1880
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) James Mosgrove – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1880
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) Theron Moses Rice – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1880
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) J. Hyatt Smith – Elected as an independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Bradley Barlow – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) Nicholas Ford – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Albert P. Forsythe – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Edward H. Gillette – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) George Jones – Elected as a member of United States Greenback Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) George W. Ladd – Elected as a member of United States Greenback Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1882) William M. Lowe – Elected as a member United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Gilbert De La Matyr – Elected as a member United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) Thompson H. Murch – Elected as a member of the United States Greenback Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Henry Persons – Elected as an independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Daniel Lindsay Russell – Elected as a member of United States Greenback Party
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) Emory Speer – Elected as an independent
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1889) James Weaver – Elected as a member United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Hendrick Bradley Wright – Elected as a member United States Greenback Party in 1878
• 
  U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Seth Hartman Yocum – Elected as a member United States Greenback Party in 1878

References

National political parties in the United States
List of political parties in the United States
Major parties	Democratic Republican
Third parties	Larger 1 Green Libertarian Constitution Smaller 2 American (1969) American Freedom American Populist America's American Solidarity Black Riders Liberation Christian Liberty Citizens Communist Democratic Socialists Freedom Road Socialist Freedom Socialist Humane Independent American Justice Legal Marijuana Now Marijuana Modern Whig National Socialist Movement New Afrikan Black Panther New Black Panther Objectivist Pacifist Peace and Freedom Pirate Progressive Labor Prohibition Reform Revolutionary Communist Socialism and Liberation Socialist Socialist Action Socialist Alternative Socialist Equality Socialist Workers Unity Veterans Working Families Workers World World Socialist
Former parties	America First American (Know Nothing) American (1924) American Nazi American Vegetarian Anti-Masonic Black Panther Boston Tea Citizens Commonwealth Land Constitution (1952) Constitutional Union Democratic-Republican Farmer–Labor Federalist Free Soil Gold Democrats Greenback Independence (2007) Labor (1919) Labor (1996) Liberal Republican Liberty National Republican National States' Rights National Union (1864) Natural Law New Alliance New Union Nullifier Opposition Populist (People's) Personal Choice Progressive (1912) Progressive (1924) Progressive (1948) Raza Unida Readjuster Silver Silver Republican Socialist Socialist Labor States Rights (Dixiecrat) Unconditional Union Union (1936) Unionist (1850s/60s) U.S. Labor Whig Youth International
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