Thevar Magan

Thevar Magan

film poster
Directed by Bharathan
Produced by Kamal Haasan
Written by Kamal Haasan
Starring
Music by Ilaiyaraaja
Cinematography P. C. Sriram
Edited by N. P. Satish
Production
company
Distributed by Raaj Kamal Films International
Release dates
  • 25 October 1992 (1992-10-25)

[1]

Running time
 158 minutes[1]
Country India
Language
  • Tamil

Thevar Magan (English: Son of Thevar)[lower-alpha 1] is a 1992 Indian Tamil drama film directed by Bharathan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Kamal Haasan, Revathi, Gouthami and Nassar in pivotal roles. The film's soundtrack album and background score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja while the cinematography was handled by P. C. Sriram. The film's script was written by Kamal Haasan who also produced the film along with his brother Chandra Haasan under the production company Raaj Kamal Films International.

The film tells the story of Sakthivel who returns home to meet his father Periya Thevar who is a respected village chieftain to marry his girlfriend. Sakthivel comes to know that the villagers are facing huge problems due to his father's stepbrother and his nephew. After the death of his father, Sakthivel takes over the duty of his father. Rest of the film is about how Sakthivel solves the problems of villagers.

The film was chosen by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the 65th Academy Awards, but was not nominated. The film won five National Film Awards, including the Best Tamil Film Award, Best Supporting Actress Award (Revathi), and a Special Jury Award (Sivaji Ganesan).

The film was released on 25 October 1992 became a blockbuster among 1992 Deepavali releases and completed 200-days run at the box office.The film was dubbed into Telugu under the title Kshatriya Putrudu. It was later remade into the Hindi film Virasat (1997) by Priyadarshan and in Kannada as Thandege Thakka Maga (2006) by S. Mahendar.

The crucial emotional core of the movie about a reluctant son ascending a throne full of thorns was reported to be inspired by Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film The Godfather.[3]

Plot

Saktivelu (Kamal Haasan) returns home to his father, Periya Thevar’s (Sivaji Ganesan) village in Tamil Nadu, after completing his education in London. Much to his father’s annoyance, he brings his westernised girlfriend Bhanu (Gautami) with him to meet his family. Periya Thevar[lower-alpha 2] is deeply offended since it is tradition that the family elders choose the youngster's spouses. To make things worse, Saktivelu reveals his plans on opening a chain of restaurants in Chennai which saddens Periya Thevar as he wanted his son to help the villagers improve their lifestyle with his level of education.

Periya Thevar is a well respected village chief. His younger half-brother (Kaka Radhakrishnan) and nephew Maya Thevar (Nassar) hold a huge grudge against him over a falling out. The entire village suffers from a spillover of this longstanding family feud as most of the village and its surrounding areas that fall within its jurisdiction is divided between the brothers. Since Maya Thevar always tries to one up Periya Thevar, it puts them at loggerheads with each other.

Saktivelu spends time in the village with his girlfriend by re-visiting his childhood memories. They come across an old temple which has been closed off on Maya Thevar’s instructions. He insists on entering and his friend and servant Esaki (Vadivelu) breaks open the lock for them to look around. Maya Thevar hears of this and a brutal riot is started among the two village factions. Periya Thevar, in order to quell the situation, contemplates on apologising to his opponents. Sakthivelu feels it should be him or Esaki who should apologise. When Saktivelu asks for Esaki, he learns that Maya Thevar has amputated Esaki’s hand for opening the temple. To prevent further escalation of the situation Saktivelu, with permission from his father, enlists the help of his friends in the government and opens the temple for all legally. Slighted by this, Maya Thevar hires goons to break a dam protecting a part of the village faction that supports Periya Thevar. Although one of the villagers spots one of the goons near the dam, he does not think much of it.

The dam is damaged by explosives used by the goons which results in flooding of half the village. This results in numerous deaths including infants which deeply saddens Saktivelu. He spots the goon who placed the explosives again in the village and gives chase. After capturing, he hands the goon over to the police but the goon does not speak of Maya Thevar's involvement due to fear for his own family's safety.

Later Maya Thevar closes a portion of his land, preventing the public from reaching the main road easily. Sakthivelu and his father invite them for talks at village Panchayat to resolve the standoff due the riots and flooding. In the village panchayat,[lower-alpha 3] accusations fly from both sides. With no evidence backing up the truth, Maya Thevar accuses Periya Thevar for orchestrating various attacks on his brother's family. Disrespected and broken, Periya Thevar returns to his home and passes away due to a heart attack later that night. Saktivelu takes over his father’s duties as the head of the village.

As time passes, this incident dies down. The villagers express concern to Saktivelu about going around the piece of land belonging to Maya Thevar’s side of the village everyday to work in their farm which causes a much longer travelling time. Saktivelu reasons with the owner of the land to open it up for all villagers to pass so that their long commute is shortened. Although understanding and willing, the land owner (played by Kallapart Natarajan) who actually is Maya Thevar's maternal uncle, is afraid of Maya Thevar’s backlash especially since he has a daughter Panchavarnam (Revathi). Saktivelu assuages his fear by arranging marriage between a well-to-do person from his village to the land owner's daughter. Everybody involved happily agrees and the land owner opens up the land for everyone.

On the day of the wedding, the groom runs away, fearing Maya Thevar. The landowner and his daughter are distraught over this claiming that it is a huge disrespect to his family. He opines that even if someone marries his daughter, they have to live in constant fear. Saktivelu then gets permission from the landowner and weds his daughter. Although Saktivelu still has feelings for his girlfriend and his new bride is very shy, they overcome their awkwardness and move on. Soon, his girlfriend returns and learns the truth. Although saddened by the turn of events, she understands the situation and leaves. Saktivelu, too, closes the chapter about his girlfriend and starts his new life with his wife.

Maya Thevar, agitated by the opening of the land, plants a bomb during the village festival. This results in deaths on both sides of the village. Both factions of the village, wanting revenge, go after Maya Thevar and his family. Saktivelu protects the innocent family and helps them get away from the villagers. Appreciative of Saktivelu's efforts to protect them, they give away Maya Thevar's hiding location.

Saktivelu goes to meet Maya Thevar and asks him to surrender to the police before the villagers kill him. Maya Thevar’s rabid hatred for Saktivelu makes him reject his offer of help. Maya Thevar, blaming Saktivelu for all his problems, tries to kill him. In the struggle that follows, Saktivelu accidentally decapitates Maya Thevar. Although other villagers are willing to take the blame for Maya Thevar's murder, Saktivelu gives himself up to the police wanting to put an end to the cycle of violence once and for all.

Cast

Production

Development

In 1986, Muktha Srinivasan initially planned to direct a film based on American film The Godfather with Sivaji Ganesan and Kamal Haasan however the project was dropped after Kamal Haasan's then associate Ananthu felt that it would be a Ganesan-focused film and not a Kamal Haasan film as Ananthu thought that Haasan would fit the role better. The project was dropped.[6] Malayalam filmmaker Bharathan was approached by Haasan to direct Thevar Magan for which he scripted. The film was said to be an adaptation of The Godfather.[7] This was Bharathan's last film in Tamil. Haasan said it was the first film which was written using a screenwriting software called "Movie Magic".[8] Kamal initially thought of naming the film as Nammavar but Ilaiyaraaja suggested him to name the film as Thevar Magan to which Kamal agreed.[9] Lyricist Gangai Amaran claimed in 2016 that he was supposed to direct a film titled Adhi Veerapandian starring Haasan, but Ilaiyaraaja advised Haasan against accepting the film, feeling that Amaran was "not a good filmmaker", and the film was shelved. Amaran recalled, "Kamal took the story of Adhi Veerapandian and remade it as Thevar Magan".[10]

Casting

Vadivelu was recruited to play the character called Isakki.[11] Meena was approached to play the character Panchavarnam and she had acted for few days but due to date problems she was replaced by Revathi.[12][13] Neelima Rani was introduced as child artist in the film.[14] S. N. Lakshmi was chosen to portray Nassar's mother.[15] Gauthami acted as love interest of Kamal in the film.[16] Dubbing voice for Gauthami was provided by K. R. Anuradha.[17] Thalaivasal Vijay portrayed Kamal’s elder brother and Ganesan’s son in the film. It was Kamal who recommended Vijay for the role.[18] For the character looks in the film, Hassan wore colourful buttoned up shirts and jeans with medium size beard and mullet in the first half of the film and he spotted thick Handlebar moustache and wore six yards of village dhoti for the part of village head.[19] The unit had originally wanted to cast either Vijayakumar or S. S. Rajendran for the character of Kamal's father. However Kamal approached Sivaji Ganesan who completed his portions within 7 days.[9]

P. C. Sriram and N. P. Satish took care of cinematography and editing respectively. Cameraman Tirru worked as P. C. Sriram's assistant and actor Tinku worked as assistant photographer respectively.[20][21]

Filming

The film was entirely shot in Pollachi at 75 days and for few days at Chennai and Ooty.[9][22] The scenes were shot at palatile bungalow situated at Singanallur.[23] Kamal said that the scene where a truck, with a cargo of steel rods jutting out, reverses and rams into the car in the film was initially written for Nayakan (1987).[24] The unit went for shooting without a final script to Pollachi. The shooting could not proceed as planned due to confusion. Famous screenwriter Kalaignanam came to help and given the concept of "one temple, two locks" which Kamal liked and wrote the script within 7 1/2 days.[9] Some scenes were shot at Mariamman Temple at Sulukkal, Pollachi.[25]

Themes and influences

Rajan Krishnan, PhD scholar in Film Studies from Columbia University, says that it was Kamal Hassan who brought that sickle bearing genre. He says, "I would like to propose that it is a Kamal Hassan film of high authenticity markers called Thevar Magan (1992) that can be said to have inaugurated the era of the south being represented as primarily a sickle bearing space".[26][27]

Stalin Rajangam, writer, who has extensively written on the ‘caste component and narrative structures of Tamil films concurs. He says that Thevar Magan was first of its kind with stronger idioms of caste and glorification of caste-based practices.[26] Tamil writer S. Ramakrishnan said that Thevar Magan captured the very essence of the south Tamil Nadu’s rural culture.[28]

The film faced controversy for identifying the Thevar community with glorified violence.[29][30]

Awards and honours

The film was chosen by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the 65th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.[31][32] The film was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994.[33] The film also won Vijay Award for Favourite Film in 2006.[34] Ilaiyaraaja was a strong contender for the National Film Award for Best Music Direction, which he eventually lost to A. R. Rahman.[lower-alpha 4]

1993 National Film Awards (India)

Award Category Recipient(s) Result
Silver Lotus Award Best Feature Film in Tamil[36] Kamal Hassan as a producer Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Supporting Actress[36] Revathi Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Playback Singer (Female)[36] S. Janaki Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Audiography[36] N. Pandu Rangan Won
Silver Lotus Award Special Jury Award – Actor[36] Sivaji Ganesan Won

Filmfare Awards South

Soundtrack

Thevar Magan
Studio album by Ilaiyaraaja
Released 1992
Recorded Raajkamal Film International
Genre Feature film soundtrack
Language Tamil
Label Sa Re Ga Ma
Aditya Music
Agi Music

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and lyrics were written by Vaali.[39] Telugu lyrics were written by Vennelakanti. Embar Kannan performed the portions of violin.[40] Haasan's daughter Shruti Haasan made her singing debut at the age of six with this film.[41] "Inji Iduppazhagu" is based on the Hindi song "Yeh Dil Deewana" composed by S. D. Burman for the film Ishq Par Zor Nahin.[42] Kamal wanted Raja to compose on the lines of the Hindi song and Raja completed the song within 10 minutes.[43]

The song "Manamagale Manamagale" is based on Shuddha Saveri Raga.[44] The song "Maasaru Ponne" is based on Mayamalavagowla Raga.[45] The song "Inji Iduppazhagi" is based on Jonpuri raga.[46] The song was later remixed by Smitha in her album called "Kalakkal".[47] The song was reused in its self titled film.[48]

The soundtrack of the film received critical acclaim with "Inji Iduppazhagi" and "Potri Paadadi" being well received. G. Dhananjayan noted that the film had memorable songs which "contributed to the success of the film".[9] Singer Charulatha Mani wrote for The Hindu on "Masaru Ponne" that, "a little piece sung in chorus stole our hearts [sic]".[45] For "Inji Iduppzhagi" she called it "a cheerful enjoyable Jonpuri-based melody".[46]

Tracklist
No. TitleSinger(s) Length
1. "Potri Paadadi Penne"  T. K. S. Kalaivaanan, Mano  
2. "Sandhu Pottu"  S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Kamal Hassan 5:05
3. "Potri Paadadi Penne"  Sivaji Ganesan, Shruti Haasan 1:26
4. "Vaanam Thottu Pona"  S. P. Balasubrahmanyam  
5. "Ada Puthiyathu Piranthadhu"  Malaysia Vasudevan  
6. "Inji Idupazhaga"  S. Janaki  
7. "Inji Idupazhagi"  S. Janaki, Kamal Haasan, Minmini  
8. "Manamagale Manamagale"  Swarnalatha, Minmini & Sindhuja 2:13
9. "Masaru Ponnae Varuga"  Minmini, Swarnalatha 3:07

Release

The length of the film was 4,625 metres (15,174 ft) and the film was certified "U" by Central Board of Film Certification with the duration of 158 minutes.[1] The film's release coincided with Diwali festival and opened alongside four other films including, Rajinikanth starrer Pandiyan and Prabhu starrer Senthamizh Paattu became commercially successful and ran for 200 days.[9][49] The silver jubilee celebration of the film was attended by Dilip Kumar.[9]

The film was dubbed and released in Telugu under the title Kshatriya Putrudu. Kamal initially planned to remake the film in Hindi with Dilip Kumar portraying the father's character however Dilip found the theme "too violent" and refused to do the film.[50] The film was then remade by Priyadarshan as Virasat (1997).[51] and in Kannada as Thandege Thakka Maga (2006) by S. Mahendar.[52]

Reception

G. Dhananjayan in his book Pride of Tamil cinema – 1931 – 2013 stated "This film is a treat to the eyes not only because of P. C. Sreeram's cinematography, but also because of the presence of some of the best actors from south".[9] Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan in its review dated 8 November 1992 appreciated the film mentioned "For Kamal, the film is another milestone... The film's naturalism is greatly enhanced by equal opportunity given to all actors in the film..".[9] Behindwoods praised Sivaji Ganesan's performance calling it "one of the finest in Tamil cinema..".[53] Indiaglitz stated "If, ‘Nayagan’ was epic, ‘Devar Magan’ is way above all adjectives".[54] Rediff stated "Kamal's story and script, and Bharatan's powerful direction, made this a film to savor".[2]

Legacy

N. Linguswamy,[55] Mysskin[56] Gautham Menon,[57] S. J. Suryah[58] and Karthi called Thevar Magan as their favourite film.[59] A poster of the film designed by Abinav Bhatt from Bangalore depicted moustache.[60] Gauthami listed it as her one of the favourite films she had acted.[61] In 2009, Meera Vasudevan said, "I’d love roles similar to Revathy in Devar Magan".[62] Thevar Magan served as one of the inspirations for Aadukalam (2011) directed by Vetrimaaran.[63] Sify in its review of Sandakozhi (2005) compared Rajkiran's character with Sivaji Ganesan's character from the film.[64] The magazine South Scope included Haasan's performance in the film in its list of "Kamal's best performances" in its July 2010 edition.[19] Silverscreen in its review of Vetrivel (2016) called the film as "pretty much an unsophisticated copy of Thevar Magan".[65]

The song "Potri Paadadi" is listed by The Hindu among lyricist Vaali's songs in the list "Best of Vaali:From 1964 to 2013".[66] The same song was ranked by Rediff alongside "Madhavi Pon Mayilaal" from Iru Malargal (1967) and "Andha Naal Gnabagam" from Uyarndha Manithan (1968).[67] The song was parodied by Vadivelu in Englishkaran (2005).[68] The song "Inji Iduppazhaga" was listed by Behindwoods among other songs in its list "Kamal's unforgettable songs".[69] In the film Kuruvi (2008), Vetrivel's mother (T. K. Kala) is seen singing the song.[70] 2015 film Inji Iduppazhagi was named after the song of same name.[48] The dialogue "Unakkulla Thoongira Adhe Mirugam Enakkulla Thoongittirukku Thatti Ezhuppidhada" (English: I too possess animal like instincts like you, dont unleash it) became popular.[71] The dialogue was parodied by Vivek in Sandhitha Velai (2000).[72] Naasar titled his directorial Maayan named after his character from the film.[73]

On Haasan's birthday, 7 November 2015, Latha Srinivasan of Daily News and Analysis considered Thevar Magan to be one of the "films you must watch to grasp the breadth of Kamal Haasan's repertoire".[74] The scene where Kamal's character take over his father's duty as village head was included by Behindwoods in its list "Top 20 Mass Scenes" and also in another list named "10 Mass Interval Blocks".[75][76] The same site included the film on its list "Superstars show the power pf Veshti".[77] On Kamal Haasan's 60th birthday, an agency named Minimal Kollywood Posters designed posters of Kamal Haasan's films. The poster of Thevar Magan featured blood under the lock.[78] Although no print of Thevar Magan has survived, the film is still available on home video.[79]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Dhananjayan support the translation "Son Of Thevar"[1] whereas Prem Panicker calls it "A Chieftain's son".[2]
  2. ↑ The Mukkulathor people, who are also collectively known as Thevar, are native to the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, According to R. Muthulakshmi, Thevar "literally means celestial beings or divine-natured people".[4]
  3. ↑ A gram panchayat is the cornerstone of a local self-government organisation in India of the Panchayati raj system at the village or small town level, and has a Sarpanch as its elected head.[5]
  4. ↑ The award was tied between Ilaiyaraaja and Rahman with 8 votes each before the chairman of the jury Balu Mahendra, a close friend of Ilaiyaraaja, decided to vote in favour of Rahman.[35]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Dhananjayan 2014, p. 324.
  2. 1 2 "rediff.com: Kamal's best!". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  3. ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-age-of-remakes/article5757338.ece
  4. ↑ R. Muthulakshmi 1997, p. 11-13.
  5. ↑ "After 25 years of elected village councils in India, democracy still needs to be deepened". D+C. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  6. ↑ "Living in past glory". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "Writing for celluloid". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  8. ↑ "Kamals screenwriting workshop gets inaugurated today". Indiaglitz. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dhananjayan 2014, p. 325.
  10. ↑ "Gangai Amaren lashes out at Ilaiyaraaja and Kamal Haasan". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  11. ↑ "The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : "Devar Magan a turning point in my career"". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  12. ↑ "DID YOU KNOW?". The Times of India. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  13. ↑ "The Hindu : Entertainment Chennai : Diva in the drawing room". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  14. ↑ S. R. ASHOK KUMAR. "My First Break: Neelima". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  15. ↑ "Courage goaded her on ...". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  16. ↑ "Rediff On The NeT, Movies: An interview with Gauthami". Rediff. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  17. ↑ "They act in front of the mike at work". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  18. ↑ "Happy times of a veteran". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  19. 1 2 Southscope 2010, p. 52.
  20. ↑ "Realistic frames". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  21. ↑ "A 'Master' returns". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  22. ↑ K. JESHI, SUBHA J. RAO. "Creating a scene". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  23. ↑ "A perfect backdrop". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  24. ↑ KAMAL HAASAN. "'Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance'". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  25. ↑ "Sulakkal Mariamman temple". Where Was It Shot. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  26. 1 2 D. Karthikeyan. "'Madurai formula' films and social realities". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  27. ↑ Velayudham 2008, p. 151.
  28. ↑ "Kamal never gives into mediocrity". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  29. ↑ "The Hindu : The politics of art". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  30. ↑ "Kamal Haasan and his films controversies". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  31. ↑ Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
  32. ↑ "Foreign Oscar entries submitted". Variety. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  33. ↑ Jain, Ajit (16 September 1994). "27 Indian Films in Toronto Cinema Gala". India Abroad. Retrieved 1 June 2012. (subscription required)
  34. ↑ "A star-studded awards ceremony — TAMIL NADU — The Hindu". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  35. ↑ Kamini 2009, p. 99,100.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 "40th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  37. ↑ "Kamal Haasan completes 50 glorious years of filmdom". Thaindian.com. 12 August 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  38. ↑ Press Institute of India (1993). Data India. Press Institute of India. ISSN 0377-6832. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  39. ↑ "Devar Magan songs — Tamil movie songs". Raaga.com. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  40. ↑ Lakshmi Krupa. "From kutcheris to recording studios". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  41. ↑ "It's the genes at play". India Today. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  42. ↑ "When Ilaiyaraaja was inspired by S D Burman". The Times of India. 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  43. ↑ "And more on the Ilaiyaraja connection". Hindu. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  44. ↑ ANIL SRINIVASAN. "The King and I". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  45. 1 2 CHARULATHA MANI. "A Raga's Journey — The magic of Mayamalavagowla". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  46. 1 2 "Jaunty Jonpuri". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  47. ↑ PRINCE FREDERICK (29 December 2004). "`Kalakal' remix". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  48. 1 2 "Kamal and Revathy to appear in Arya-Anushka starrer 'Inji Idupazhagi'". Indiaglitz. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  49. ↑ "Thevar Magan, Pandiyan, Kaaviya Thalaivan, Rasukutty, Thirumathi Palanisamy, Senthamizh Pattu – 1992 – The celebrated head-on collisions at the box-office.". Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  50. ↑ "'Best actor this country has produced': Kamal Haasan remembers Dilip Kumar on his 93th birthday". Firstpost. Subhash K Jha. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  51. ↑ "Mollywood directors forays into Bollywood". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  52. ↑ "Not a patch on the original". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  53. ↑ "Did Sivaji Ganesan overact ?". Behindwoods. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  54. ↑ "Tamil cinemas attempt at Oscars". Indiaglitz. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  55. ↑ Udhav Naig. "Life takes a colourful turn". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  56. ↑ "Upbeat spirit". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  57. ↑ "Why I like... Nayakan". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  58. ↑ http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/sj-suryah/
  59. ↑ "Karthi Sivakumar, casual and down to earth". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  60. ↑ SANGEETHA DEVI DUNDOO. "Poster boy". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  61. ↑ "Grill mill — GOUTHAMI". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  62. ↑ Grill Mill – Meera Vasudevan – CHEN. The Hindu (14 August 2009). Retrieved on 29 February 2016.
  63. ↑ Dhananjayan 2014, p. 514.
  64. ↑ "Review: Sandakozhi". Sify. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  65. ↑ "Vetrivel Review: (Melo)dramatic". Silverscreen. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  66. ↑ "Best of Vaali: From 1964 – 2013". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  67. ↑ N. Sathiya Moorthy (22 July 2013). "Remembering Vaali". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  68. ↑ Englishkaaran (DVD). 7 Hills Film Factory. scene from 9.52 to 11.00
  69. ↑ "Kamal's unforgettable songs — Tamil Movie Articles — Kamal — Dasavatharam — Unnaipol Oruvan — Manmadhan Ambu — Vasool Raja". Behindwoods. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  70. ↑ Kuruvi (DVD). Red Giant Movies. scene from 1.13.07 to 1.13.15
  71. ↑ Thevar Magan. Raaj Kamal Film International. scene from 1.45.41 to 1.49.50
  72. ↑ Sandhitha Velai. Roja Combines. scene from 28.55 to 29.13
  73. ↑ "Maayan review — Bbthots". Bbthots. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  74. ↑ "Birthday special: Films you must watch to grasp Kamal Haasan's reportoire". Daily News & Analysis. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  75. ↑ "5. Devar Magan — Top 20 Mass Scenes". Behindwoods. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  76. ↑ "Thevar Magan – 10 Mass Interval Blocks". Behindwoods. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  77. ↑ "Kamal — Thevar Magan — Superstars show the power of The Veshti". Behindwoods. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  78. ↑ "A Brilliant Tribute To The Wonderful Kamal Haasan". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  79. ↑ "Lenin Award for Archivist PK Nair". New Indian Express. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

Bibliography

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