Theological Institute of Nîmes

Theological Institute of Nîmes
Type Private
Established 1989
Affiliation Greater Grace World Outreach
President Louis DeMeo
Location Uchaud, then Montpellier, France

The Theological Institute of Nîmes (also named ITN) is a Baptist-oriented college and seminary created in Uchaud, Gard, in 1989 by Louis DeMeo, a Baptist pastor of the American Greater Grace World Outreach Church. Thereafter, the institute moved to Montpellier. This institute was mainly known for its inclusion on the list of dangerous cults established by the Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France in the 1995 report, which led to a public controversy involving the American Department of State and several international associations which disapproved the decision.

History

Established in 1989, the institute was directed by Louis DeMeo, a pastor of the American Greater Grace World Outreach Church, whose heartquarters are located in Baltimore, Maryland.[1] However, in spite of the ties of its founder with the American church, the ITN was organized as "an independent Baptist group", as noted by Italian sociologist Massimo Introvigne.[2] Expert of evangelical Protestantism Sébastien Fath said that the ITN was "originally characterized by voluntary isolation from all French evangelical existing networks", a "very pronounced anti-social speech, almost self-sufficient practices".[3] He also said that it was in "considerable out of phase with its environment, coupled with a propensity for a victimizing reading of its situation (though more due to its wanted isolation than its religious identity)", but he also said that the situation would have changed since.[4] After several years of existence, the college was closed on the ground of "illegal operation of a private school",[5] and moved to Montpellier where it took another name.[3]

Reception

In France, the Institute was classified as a cult in the 1995 parliamentary reports.[6] Following this classification, pastor Louis DeMeo who directed the Institute testified before the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, in Washington, DC, arguing violations of religious freedom by the French government. DeMeo said that his Institute underwent an alleged "persecution" just after the publication of the parliamentary report.[7] He mentioned as examples an explosion and four burned cars by a stranger, problems of bank accounts for several ITN students, refusal of a building permit for a church,[8] the fact that two members were fired from their jobs,[9] accusations of brainwashing on children, and denial of access to a public hall.[2] He said that the inclusion of ITN on the cults list was "extremely unjust, given the fact [they] have never been given an official hearing or explanation for [their] inclusion on this list",[10] and generated discriminatory behaviors.[11]

As the ITN is Baptist-oriented, which is one of the main religions in United States, its inclusion in the list of dangerous cults received much attention from the US Department of State which strongly criticized this decision and devoted to this four paragraphs in its 1999 Annual Report on Religious Freedom.[2] The Institute received support from several organizations through their officials who defended it. For example, the Rutherford Institute, an international civil liberties and human rights legal defense organization, wrote to Alain Vivien, then member of the Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les sectes, to ask him to remove the ITN from the list of cults.[12] Willy Fautré, a member of Human Rights Without Frontiers, criticized the fact that the ITN was presented in the media as "a disturbing tentacular organisation" and the pastor as a "guru".[13] Member of the United States Department of State's Commission of International Religious Freedom Jeremy T. Gunn met the MILS on 6 April 1999 and discussed about the Institute, reiterating DeMeo's claims to the anti-cult organization.[2]

According to its critics, DeMeo's parent church, the Greater Grace World Outreach, would be "a fellow traveler of the Church of Scientology".[14][15] The MILS pointed out that complaints for the cars destroyed were the subject of police investigations which were unable to attribute the origin of this incident to external responsibilities, because of a lack of evidence.[16] In the press, former ITN followers criticized the institute for important calls for donation, pressures exerted on the followers, interventions in private life, family breakdowns and demonization of the external world.[5]

On 27 May 2005, the 1995 annex of the French report and cult classifications in which the Institute was listed, were officially cancelled and invalidated by Jean-Pierre Raffarin's circulaire.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Larkin, Barbara (2001). International Religious Freedom (2000): Annual Report: Submitted by the U.S. p. 294. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kent, Stephen A. (January 2001). "The French and German versus American debate over 'New religions', Scientology, and Human Rights". Marburg Journal of Religion. 6 (1). Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  3. 1 2 Fath, Sébastien (2005). Du ghetto au réseau: le protestantisme évangélique en France (1800-2005) (in French). Genève: Labor et Fides. p. 262. ISBN 2-8309-1139-3. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  4. ↑ Fath, Sébastien. "Aspects psychosociologiques et historiques — " Approches de la sociologie religieuse " — Les "évangéliques" — Définition et mise en perspective" (PDF) (in French). MIVILUDES. p. 9. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  5. 1 2 Boudes, Richard (October 1998). "Paroles d'évangile". Midi Libre (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  6. ↑ "Rapport fait au nom de la Commission d'enquête sur les sectes — Les sectes en France" (in French). Assemblée Nationale. 1995. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  7. ↑ "French Bible college faces persecution". Human Rights Without Frontiers. 2 March 2001. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  8. ↑ Ireland, Michael (1 March 2001). "French Bible College Faces Persecution". Religion Today. Crosswalk. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  9. ↑ Kinsella, Jack (30 March 2003). "'And Ye Shall Be Hated For My Name's Sake'". Omegaletter. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  10. ↑ "French 'anti-sect' bill decried". BBC Christian News. Canadian Christianity. April 2001. Retrieved 3 September 2001.
  11. ↑ Bureau de la démocratie, des droits de l'homme, et du travail du Département d'État (5 September 2000). "Rapport de l'année 2000 sur la liberté religieuse internationale. France" (in French). CESNUR. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  12. ↑ Whitehead, John (1999). "Letter of the Rutherford Institute to the President of the Interministerial Mission Against Sects" (PDF). New Repressive French Law Proposition Against Religious Minorities. hrwf. pp. 21, 22. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  13. ↑ Fautré, Willy (2009). "Legal Regulation of Religious Communities in EU — Member States: A Human Rights Perspective" (PDF). Human Rights Without Frontiers (Brussels). p. 10. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  14. ↑ Fouchereau, Bruno (May 2001). "Les sectes, cheval de Troie des Etats-Unis en Europe". Le Monde Diplomatique (in French). Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  15. ↑ Vivien, Alain. Les sectes (in French). p. 165. ISBN 2-7381-1284-6. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  16. ↑ Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les sectes (2000). "Rapport 2000" (PDF) (in French). La Documentation française. p. 19. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  17. ↑ "La fin des listes noires". Le Point (in French). 23 June 2005. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
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