The Man in the Iron Mask (1939 film)

The Man in the Iron Mask
Directed by James Whale
Produced by Edward Small
Screenplay by George Bruce
Based on The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later
1848-50
by Alexandre Dumas
Starring Louis Hayward
Joan Bennett
Warren William
Joseph Schildkraut
Music by Lucien Moraweck
Cinematography Robert H. Planck
Edited by Grant Whytock
Production
company
Edward Small Productions
Distributed by United Artists
Release dates
  • July 13, 1939 (1939-07-13) (United States)
Running time
 96 minutes
113 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $1 million[1]

The Man in the Iron Mask is a 1939 American film very loosely adapted from the last section of the novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne by Alexandre Dumas, père, which is itself based on the French legend of the Man in the Iron Mask.

The film is notable for being Peter Cushing's screen debut.[2] It was also notable for being the source of several subsequent remakes. The film was directed by James Whale and stars Louis Hayward as royal twins, Joan Bennett as Princess Maria Theresa, Warren William as d'Artagnan, and Joseph Schildkraut as Nicolas Fouquet.

Plot

In 1638, King Louis XIII of France is delighted when his wife bears him a son, Louis, the heir to the throne. However, a few minutes later, a second son is born. Colbert (Walter Kingsford), the king's trusted adviser, persuades the king to secretly send the second child, Philippe, away to Gascony to be raised by his majesty's dear friend, d'Artagnan (Warren William), in order to avert a possible civil war later. Fouquet (Joseph Schildkraut), a mere cardinal's messenger at the time, finds out about the twin and uses this to advance his career. Twenty years later, he is the Minister of Finance under Louis XIV. The king is hated by the commoners for levying oppressive taxes and for executioning them for not paying them.

Fouquet sends soldiers to force d'Artagnan and his people to pay the taxes, though the old king had exempted him and his village from them. They are driven off, but return in much greater numbers and, with great difficulty, capture d'Artagnan, the three musketeers and Philippe. Louis is about to order their executions when Colbert tells him about Philippe's uncanny resemblance to him. As Louis is aware of an assassination attempt to take place that day (but not where or when), he makes Philippe impersonate him in exchange for his friends' lives. Philippe not only survives the ambush, he shows mercy to his would-be killers and is cheered by the people. Princess Maria Theresa (Joan Bennett), whom Louis is to wed to seal an alliance with Spain, finds this new Louis much more attractive than the real one. However, when she discovers that Louis is having an affair with Mademoiselle de la Valliere (Marion Martin), she returns to Spain.

When the truth is discovered, Louis has Philippe imprisoned with an iron mask placed on his head, hoping that Philippe's beard will grow inside the mask and eventually suffocate him. Philippe is rescued by the musketeers, who break into the sleeping Louis's chamber and imprison him in the mask. The musketeers drag him away and lock him in the Bastille, where the jailers mistake him for Phillippe, and whip him.

When Louis manages to get a message to Fouquet, he is freed, and a chase by coach ensues to stop Philippe from marrying Maria Theresa and taking Louis' place on the throne. The coach is waylaid by the musketeers, who all die heroically, but Fouquet and the real Louis XIV are also killed when the driverless coach plunges off a cliff. The mortally wounded d'Artagnan survives long enough to exclaim "God Save the King!" at Philippe's wedding, and then falls dead. Philippe finally assumes the throne.

Cast

Production

The film was the third movie producer Edward Small made under his new agreement for United Artists. James Whale was signed as director in September 1938.[3] Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., whose father had starred as D'Artagnan in the 1929 epic version The Iron Mask, was originally announced as male star[4] and met with director James Whale. However producer Edward Small insisted on Louis Hayward, who had just made The Duke of West Point for him.[1]

Louis Hayward played D'Artagnan in a gender-switched 1952 remake entitled Lady in the Iron Mask with Patricia Medina in the titular role and Alan Hale, Jr. as Porthos, the part his father Alan Hale, Sr. had portrayed in the 1939 version.

Reception

Frank S. Nugent called the film "a moderately entertaining costume piece" with "an overfondness for pageantry and stiff heroics." He criticized the casting of Marion Martin as "outright absurd" and called her performance "artless" and "rather hopeless".[5] Variety called the film "a highly entertaining adventure" with "excellent" direction.[6] Harrison's Reports declared it "good mass entertainment" with a "charming" romance.[7] Film Daily called it "a vivid picturization of Alexandre Dumas' novel" with Hayward's "best screen work to date."[8] John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote, "The piece belongs to the old school of things and the Douglas Fairbanks of 1929, but Douglas Fairbanks is not here, and the swordplay, the hard riding, the desperate escapes seem to demand him. Louis Hayward can give a modern effete touch when that is needed in the double role he has, but he can't compete with his rapier or his acrobatics."[9]

Influence

The first film adaptation of Dumas' novel to allow for the lasting triumph of the good twin over the evil twin was Douglas Fairbanks' 1929 version of the tale, The Iron Mask (although in this case the good twin was the one already on the throne, raised under the tutelage of D'Artagnan, and it was he who had to be rescued when the evil twin was put onto the throne). The 1939 version flips this around so that the evil twin, Louis, sits on the throne and the good twin, Phillipe, is raised by D'Artagnan and must eventually win the throne. The staging of several other scenes are borrowed from the 1929 version, most importantly the ending. The ending of the 1939 version, with the ghosting of the figures of the four musketeers together (presumably in heaven), is a direct homage to the ending of the 1929 Douglas Fairbanks' film in which Athos, Porthos, and Aramis greet D'Artagnan upon his death and they in a ghosted image head off together for the "greater adventure beyond."

Most subsequent film versions, including the 1977 version and the 1998 version, have followed the basic outline of the 1939 film (and its borrowings from the 1929 version), not of the original novel.

The English band Iron Maiden was named by founder Steve Harris after seeing the film.

References

  1. 1 2 Selznick Quests New Serious Lombard Idea Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Dec 1938: 28.
  2. ↑ TV.com review
  3. ↑ SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOOLYWOOD: Edward Small Signs James Whale to Direct Remake of 'Man in the Iron Mask' OPENING AT RIALTO TODAY New George O'Brien-Picture, 'Painted Desert,' and 'Gift of Gab'. on Same Bill New Picture for Dick Powell Of Local Origin Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 13 Sep 1938: 28.
  4. ↑ Second Costarring of Davis, Flynn Planned: 'Iron Mask' Story Begun Truex Set for 'Ambush' Helen Parrish Signed Joseph Calleia Tests Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 Sep 1938: 15.
  5. ↑ Nugent, Frank S. (July 14, 1939). "Movie Review - The Man in the Iron Mask". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Film Reviews". Variety. New York: Variety, Inc. June 28, 1939. p. 14.
  7. ↑ "The Man in the Iron Mask". Harrison's Reports. New York: Harrison's Reports, Inc.: 110 July 15, 1939.
  8. ↑ "Reviews". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films & Film Folk, Inc.: 10 June 30, 1939.
  9. ↑ Mosher, John (July 15, 1939). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. New York: F-R Publishing Corp. p. 61.
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