The Intelligence of Dogs

For the actual intelligence of dogs, see Dog intelligence.
Standard Poodle - among the most intelligent breeds.

The Intelligence of Dogs is a book on dog intelligence by Stanley Coren, a professor of canine psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.[1] Published in 1994, the book explains Coren's theories about the differences in intelligence between different breeds of dogs.[2][3][4] Coren published a second edition in 2006.[5]

Coren defines three aspects of dog intelligence in the book: instinctive intelligence, adaptive intelligence, and working and obedience intelligence.[6] Instinctive intelligence refers to a dog's ability to perform the tasks it was bred for, such as herding, pointing, fetching, guarding, or supplying companionship.[6] Adaptive intelligence refers to a dog's ability to solve problems on its own.[6] Working and obedience intelligence refers to a dog's ability to learn from humans.[6]

Methods

German Shepherd

The book's ranking focuses on working and obedience intelligence. Coren sent evaluation requests to American Kennel Club and Canadian Kennel Club obedience trial judges, asking them to rank breeds by performance, and received 199 responses, representing about 50 percent of obedience judges then working in North America.[6] Assessments were limited to breeds receiving at least 100 judge responses.[6] This methodology aimed to eliminate the excessive weight that might result from a simple tabulation of obedience degrees by breed. Its use of expert opinion followed precedent.[7][8]

Coren found substantial agreement in the judges' rankings of working and obedience intelligence, with Border collies consistently named in the top ten and Afghan Hounds consistently named in the lowest.[6] The highest ranked dogs in this category were Border collies, Poodles, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Doberman Pinschers.[9]

Dogs that are not breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club or Canadian Kennel Club (such as the Jack Russell Terrier) were not included in Coren's rankings.

Evaluation

When Coren's list of breed intelligence first came out there was much media attention and commentary both pro[10] and con.[11] However over the years the ranking of breeds and the methodology used have come to be accepted as a valid description of the differences among dog breeds in terms of the trainability aspect of dog intelligence.[12][13][14] In addition, measurements of canine intelligence using other methods have confirmed the general pattern of these rankings[15] including a new study using owner ratings to rank dog trainability and intelligence.[16] 79 ranks are given (plus 52 ties), a total of 131 breeds ranked:[17]

Brightest Dogs

  • Understanding of New Commands: Fewer than 5 repetitions.
  • Obey First Command: 95% of the time or better.[18]
    1. Border collie
    2. Poodle
    3. German Shepherd
    4. Golden Retriever
    5. Doberman Pinscher
    6. Shetland Sheepdog
    7. Labrador Retriever
    8. Papillon
    9. Rottweiler
    10. Australian Cattle Dog
  • Understanding of New Commands: 5 to 15 repetitions.
  • Obey First Command: 85% of the time or better.[18]
    1. Pembroke Welsh Corgi
    2. Miniature Schnauzer
    3. English Springer Spaniel
    4. Belgian Shepherd Dog (Tervuren)
    5. Schipperke
      Belgian Sheepdog
    6. Collie
      Keeshond
    7. German Shorthaired Pointer
    8. Flat-Coated Retriever

      English Cocker Spaniel

      Standard Schnauzer
    9. Brittany
    10. Cocker Spaniel
    11. Weimaraner
    12. Belgian Malinois
      Bernese Mountain Dog
    13. Pomeranian
    14. Irish Water Spaniel
    15. Vizsla
    16. Cardigan Welsh Corgi
  • Understanding of New Commands: 15 to 25 repetitions.
  • Obey First Command: 70% of the time or better.[18]
    1. Chesapeake Bay Retriever
      Puli
      Yorkshire Terrier
    2. Giant Schnauzer
      Portuguese Water Dog
    3. Airedale Terrier
      Bouvier des Flandres
    4. Border Terrier
      Briard
    5. Welsh Springer Spaniel
    6. Manchester Terrier
    7. Samoyed
    8. Field Spaniel
      Newfoundland
      Australian Terrier
      American Staffordshire Terrier
      Gordon Setter
      Bearded Collie
    9. Cairn Terrier
      Kerry Blue Terrier
      Irish Setter
    10. Norwegian Elkhound
    11. Affenpinscher
      Australian Silky Terrier
      Miniature Pinscher
      English Setter
      Pharaoh Hound
      Clumber Spaniel
    12. Norwich Terrier
    13. Dalmatian
  • Understanding of New Commands: 25 to 40 repetitions.
  • Obey First Command: 50% of the time or better.[18]
    1. Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier
      Bedlington Terrier
      Fox Terrier (Smooth)
    2. Curly Coated Retriever
      Irish Wolfhound
    3. Kuvasz
      Australian Shepherd
    4. Saluki
      Finnish Spitz
      Pointer
    5. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
      German Wirehaired Pointer
      Black and Tan Coonhound
      American Water Spaniel
    6. Siberian Husky
      Bichon Frise
      King Charles Spaniel
    7. Tibetan Spaniel
      English Foxhound
      Otterhound
      Jack Russell terrier
      American Foxhound
      Greyhound
      Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
    8. West Highland White Terrier
      Havanese
      Scottish Deerhound
    9. Boxer
      Great Dane
    10. Dachshund
      Shiba Inu
      Staffordshire Bull Terrier
    11. Alaskan Malamute
    12. Whippet
      Chinese Shar Pei
      Wire Fox Terrier
    13. Rhodesian Ridgeback
    14. Ibizan Hound
      Welsh Terrier
      Irish Terrier
    15. Boston Terrier
      Akita
  • Understanding of New Commands: 40 to 80 repetitions.
  • Obey First Command: 30% of the time or better.[18]
    1. Skye Terrier
    2. Norfolk Terrier
      Sealyham Terrier
    3. Pug
    4. French Bulldog
    5. Griffon Bruxellois
      Maltese
    6. Italian Greyhound
    7. Chinese Crested
    8. Dandie Dinmont Terrier
      Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
      Tibetan Terrier
      Japanese Chin
      Lakeland Terrier
    9. Old English Sheepdog
    10. Great Pyrenees
    11. Scottish Terrier
      Saint Bernard
    12. Bull Terrier
    13. Chihuahua
    14. Lhasa Apso
    15. Bullmastiff
  • Understanding of New Commands: 80 to 100 repetitions or more.
  • Obey First Command: 25% of the time or worse.[18]
    1. Shih Tzu
    2. Basset Hound
    3. Mastiff
      Beagle
    4. Pekingese
    5. Bloodhound
    6. Borzoi
    7. Chow Chow
    8. Bulldog
    9. Basenji
    10. Afghan Hound

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ Coren, Stanley (1995). The Intelligence of Dogs: A Guide To The Thoughts, Emotions, And Inner Lives Of Our Canine Companions. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-37452-4.
    2. ↑ Boxer, Sarah (1994-06-05). "My Dog's Smarter Than Your Dog". NewYork Times.
    3. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (1994-07-03). "METHOD AND MADNESS; What Dogs Think". NewYork Times.
    4. ↑ Croke, Vicki (1994-04-21). "Growling at the dog list". Tribune New Service (published in the Boston Globe).
    5. ↑ "Showing all editions for 'The intelligence of dogs : a guide to the thoughts, emotions, and inner lives or our canine companions'". WorldCat. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stanley Coren (July 15, 2009). "Canine Intelligence—Breed Does Matter". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
    7. ↑ Hart, BL; Hart (1985). "LA". JAVMA. 186: 1181–1185.
    8. ↑ Hart, BL; Hart, LA (1988). The Perfect Puppy. New York: Freeman.
    9. ↑ Stanley Coren. "Excerpted from "The Intelligence of Dogs"". Retrieved 2011-10-23.
    10. ↑ Example: Perrin, Noel (April 10, 1994). "How Do Dogs Think?". Chicago Sun-Times.
    11. ↑ Example: "Coren's Canine List Has Owners Growling". April 30, 1994. Apr 30, 1994.
    12. ↑ Example:Csányi, Vilmos (2000). If dogs could talk: Exploring the canine mind. New York: North Point Press.
    13. ↑ Example:Miklósi, Ádám (2009). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    14. ↑ Davis, SL; Cheeke PR (August 1998). "Do domestic animals have minds and the ability to think? A provisional sample of opinions on the question.". Journal of Animal Science. 76 (8): 2072–2079.
    15. ↑ Example: Helton, WS (November 2009). "Cephalic index and perceived dog trainability". Behavioural Processes. 83 (3): 355–358. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.08.004.
    16. ↑ Coren, Stanley (2006). Why does my dog act that way? A complete guide to your dog's personality. New York: Free Press.
    17. ↑ "Ranking of Dogs for Obedience/Working Intelligence by Breed". Archived from the original on January 2, 2012.
    18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coren1995
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