Honourable Artillery Company

Honourable Artillery Company
Crest and Motto of the Honourable Artillery Company
Active	1087; chartered 25 August 1537–
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Branch	British Army
Role	Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA)
Size	One regiment
Part of	1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade
Garrison/HQ	London
Motto(s)	Arma pacis fulcra (Latin: "Armed Strength for Peace")[note 1]
March	Quick – The British Grenadiers Slow – The Duke of York Canter – Bonnie Dundee Trot – The Keel Row Walk – The Duchess of Kent
Commanders
Captain-General	Her Majesty The Queen[1]
Colonel Commandant	General Sir Richard Barrons KCB, CBE[2]
Notable commanders	Lt. Col. Edward Heath General Sir Richard O'Connor, KT, GCB, DSO, MC, ADC
Insignia
Tactical Recognition Flash	Only worn by Corps of Drums
Plume	None Bearskin cap
Abbreviation	HAC

The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII and is considered one of the oldest military organisations in the world.^[3] Today it is a registered charity whose purpose is to attend to the "better defence of the realm", this purpose is primarily achieved by the support of the HAC Regiment and a detachment of Special Constabulary to the City of London Police. The word "artillery" in "Honourable Artillery Company" does not have the current meaning that is generally associated with it, but dates from a time when in the English language that word meant any projectile, including for example arrows shot from a bow. The equivalent form of words in modern English would be either "Honourable Infantry Company"^[4] or "Honourable Military Company."

In the 17th century its members played a significant part in the formation of both the Royal Marines and the Grenadier Guards whilst more recently regiments, battalions and batteries of the Company fought with distinction in both World Wars and its current Regiment, which forms part of the Army Reserve, is the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior^[5] in the Army Reserve.^{[note 2]} Members of the Regiment and Specials are drawn, for the most part, from young men and women working in and around the City and Greater London. Those leaving the active units may become Veteran Members and remain within the fraternity of the Company.

History

	"The British Grenadiers" "The British Grenadiers", the official Regimental Quick March of the Honourable Artillery Company, performed by the United States Army Band Strings ensemble
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The HAC can trace its history back as far as 1087,^[6] but it received a Royal Charter from Henry VIII on 25 August 1537, when Letters Patent were received by the Overseers of the Fraternity or Guild of St George authorising them to establish a perpetual corporation for the defence of the realm to be known as the Fraternity or Guild of Artillery of Longbows, Crossbows and Handgonnes. This body was known by a variety of names until 1656, when it was first referred to as the Artillery Company. It was first referred to as the Honourable Artillery Company in 1685 and officially received the name from Queen Victoria in 1860. However, the Archers’ Company of the Honourable Artillery Company was retained into the late 19th century, though as a private club. Founded in 1781 by Sir Ashton Lever, it met at Archers’ Hall, Inner Circle, Regent's Park, London. The Archers' Company remained a part of the regiment operated from 1784 to the late 1790s, along with Matross, Grenadier (established on 11 August 1686)^[7] and Light Infantry companies/divisions, with a Rifle or Jaeger Company introduced around 1803.^[8]

The regiment has the rare distinction of having fought on the side of both Parliament and the Royalists during the English Civil War 1642 to 1649.

From its formation, the company trained at a site it had occupied at the Old Artillery Ground in Spitalfields and at The Merchant Taylors' Company Hall.^[9] In 1622, the company built its first Armoury House at the site of the Old Artillery Gardens.

In 1638, Sir Maurice Abbot granted the company use of lands at its current site south of Bunhill Fields Burial Ground on City Road, which in 1649 consisted of twelve acres enclosed by a brick wall and pale.^[9] In 1657, it sold its old Armoury House in Spitalfield to Master Gunner Richard Woolaston for £300.^[10]

In 1656 the Grenadier Guards were formed from gentlemen of the Honourable Artillery Company who had taken the then heir to the throne, Prince Charles (later Charles II), to Europe for his safety during the English Civil War.^[11]

In 28 October 1664 in the New Artillery Gardens the body of men that would become the Royal Marines was first formed with an initial strength of 1,200 infantrymen recruited from the Trained Bands of London as part of the mobilisation for the Second Anglo-Dutch War. James (later King James VII & II), the Duke of York and Albany, Lord High Admiral and brother of King Charles II, was Captain-General of the Honourable Artillery Company, the unit that trained the Trained Bands.^[12][13]

Until 1780, captains of the HAC trained the officers of the London Trained Bands.

The Company served in Broadgate during the Gordon Riots of 1780 and in gratitude for its role in restoring order to the City, the Corporation of London presented "two brass field-pieces", which led to the creation of an HAC Artillery Division. (These guns are on display in the entrance hall of Armoury House.)

In 1860, control of the Company moved from the Home Office to the War Office and in 1889, a Royal Warrant gave the Secretary of State for War control of the Company's military affairs. In 1883, Queen Victoria decreed that the HAC took precedence next after the Regular Forces and therefore before the Militia and Yeomanry in consideration of its antiquity.^[14][15]

South Africa 1900–02

Members of the Company first served as a formed unit overseas in the South African War (1899–1902). Almost two hundred members served;^[16] the majority in the City of London Imperial Volunteers (CIV) as infantry, mounted infantry and in a Field Battery that was officered, and for the most part manned, by members of the Company.^[17]

Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907

In 1907, the Company became part of the newly formed Territorial Force with the passing of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act. The HAC Infantry was due to become part of the newly formed London Regiment as the "26th (County of London) Battalion"^[18] but instead managed to retain its own identity as the Honourable Artillery Company Infantry Battalion. The HAC also had its property and privileges protected by the Honourable Artillery Company Act 1908.

First World War

The HAC expanded to three infantry battalions and seven artillery batteries^[19] during the First World War. Second Lieutenants Reginald Leonard Haine and Alfred Oliver Pollard, of the 1st Battalion HAC, were awarded Victoria Crosses for their actions at Gavrelle in 1917. In total 1,600 men from the HAC were killed during the war.

In September 1914 the 1st Battalion followed the British Expeditionary Force to France and fought in the 1st Battle of Ypres. After the fighting at the Battle of the Ancre in 1916 and the Battle of Arras in 1917, it became an officer training battalion and provided demonstration platoons.^[20] Elements of the battalion were used to help quell the Étaples Mutiny. The 2nd Battalion HAC was raised in August 1914; it was in France by October 1916 and in action on 25 February 1917 at Bucquoy. They fought at the Battle of Arras in May and the 3rd Battle of Ypres in October.^[21] In November 1917, the battalion moved to the Italian Front under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Richard O’Connor. In the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, in October 1918, they led a force of Italians, Americans and British that compelled the garrison of the strategic island of Papadopoli (in the main channel of the River Piave) to surrender. For this remarkable feat of arms, the HAC was awarded two Distinguished Service Orders, five Military Crosses, three Distinguished Conduct Medals and 29 Military Medals.^[22]

Both A Battery and B Battery went to Suez in April 1915. In July, B Battery fought in the recapture of Sheikh Othman (key to the water supply to Aden) from the Turks as part of the Aden campaign.^[23] In February 1917, both batteries took part in the Palestine Campaign, were in action at the First and Second Battle of Gaza and entered Jerusalem in December 1917. In the German counter-attack during the Second action of Es Salt on 1 May 1918, A Battery was forced to make a rapid withdrawal under heavy fire, which resulted in the loss of all its guns. Both A and B Batteries took part in the Battle of Megiddo in September.^[24]

The 2nd Line batteries – 2/A Battery and 2/B Battery – were formed in 1914 and served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade; the 3rd Line batteries – A (Reserve) Battery and B (Reserve) Battery – were formed in 1915 to provide trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line batteries.

A seventh battery, the 309th (HAC) Siege Battery RGA, went to France in April 1917 and saw action at the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Amiens.^[25][26]

In 1919 Lt-Col Edward Lisle Strutt commanded a detachment of HAC soldiers that escorted the family of Charles I, the last Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King, to safety in Switzerland in 1919, after having served as the family's protector at Eckartsau on the personal initiative of King George V.^[27][28]

Interwar

When the Territorial Force was reconstituted as the Territorial Army (TA) in 1920, the HAC infantry battalion was reformed, while A and B Batteries formed a composite RHA unit with the City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) (one battery) as 11th (HAC and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, RHA. The TA began to expand rapidly at the time of the Munich Crisis in 1938, and the Yeomanry left to form a separate light anti-aircraft regiment leaving 11th Regiment RHA (HAC). Subsequently the HAC formed the 12th (1939) and 13th Regiments RHA (HAC) (1940) and the 86th (HAC) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (1939).^[29][30][31]

Second World War

Infantry Battalion

In 1939, the Infantry Battalion became 162 (HAC) Officer Cadet Training Unit, this was the Officer Training Unit of the Reconnaissance Corps.^[32] In 1942 101 RAC OCTU amalgamated with 162 Reconnaissance Corps OCTU to form 100 RAC OCTU based at Royal Military College, Sandhurst.^[33] In addition, the company provided four regiments of artillery.

11th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 11th (HAC) Regiment, RHA, served in North Africa at the Battle of Knightsbridge with 25-pounder guns and, after re-equipping with the M7 Priest self-propelled gun, in the Second Battle of El Alamein. The regiment's guns were the first guns ashore in the invasion of Sicily; then they took part in the Allied invasion of Italy and the Italian Campaign.^[34]

12th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 12th (HAC) Regiment, RHA, took part in the Operation Torch landings and were in action at Thala in February 1943, where they halted a German advance following the Battle of the Kasserine Pass. After re-equipping with Priests, they too moved on to Italy in March 1944 and fought at Monte Cassino.^[35]

13th (HAC) Regiment, RHA

The 13th (HAC) Regiment, RHA, (equipped with Sexton self-propelled guns) fought in Normandy, the Netherlands and across the Rhine into Germany as part of 11th Armoured Division.^[36]

86th (HAC) HAA Regiment, RA

See main article: 86th (Honourable Artillery Company) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery

The regiment formed part of 26th (London) Anti-Aircraft Brigade defending the London Inner Artillery Zone.^[37] Anti-Aircraft Command mobilised on 24 August 1939, and so 86th (HAC) HAA Rgt was already manning static gunsites at places like Primrose Hill and Finsbury Park when war was declared on 3 September. The regiment served in the defence of the capital throughout The Blitz. It became a mobile unit in 1942 and was one of the first units to land on D-Day, with Regimental Headquarters commanding a composite AA Assault Group on Juno Beach.^[38] During the Normandy Campaign and subsequent advance into Belgium the regiment's 3.7-inch HAA guns were sometimes used to engage ground targets.^[39] During the winter of 1944–45 its guns and radar defended Brussels and Antwerp against V-1 flying bombs (known as 'Divers').^[40][41]

Over seven hundred members of the Company lost their lives during the Second World War.

Post-War

In 1947, the Company was reorganised into:^[30]

• an Infantry Battalion
• 1st Regiment HAC, RHA, of self-propelled Artillery (from11th (HAC) RHA Regiment)
• 2nd Regiment HAC, (HAA) of heavy Anti-Aircraft Artillery (from 86th (HAC) HAA Regiment; disbanded 1955)
• G Locating Battery (from 12th (HAC) RHA Regiment; disbanded 1961)

In 1973, the Regiment was again reorganised; it was given the role of providing 'Stay Behind' Observation Posts (OPs) for the British Army of the Rhine as one of the three Territorial Army units making up the Corps Patrol Unit (with 21 and 23 SAS).^[42] The new structure was:

• Three patrol squadrons (1, 2 & 3) – a fourth patrol squadron was formed for a short period in the 1980s
• HQ Squadron, including Training Wing and Medical Wing
• The Gun Troop (a battery of six 25 pounder guns and not part of the OP role)
• Band
• Corps of Drums

In 1992, the signals troops that had been integrated into the patrol squadrons were brought together to form the Signal Squadron; they were subsequently re-integrated with the patrol squadrons in 2010.

In 1992, on Salisbury Plain, the HAC was the last British Army unit to fire the twenty-five pounder in the field, as the Gun Troop retrained onto the 105mm Light Gun. The 25 pounder continued to be fired ceremonially until replaced by the Light Gun.

In 1996, the first formed unit of the Regiment to be mobilised for active service since the Second World War was called up for Operation Resolute with the NATO IFOR in Bosnia.^[1] Since that time, the Regiment has always had soldiers on operational service overseas.

The Regiment participated in the celebration of HM The Queen's Golden Jubilee on 4 June 2002 by firing a 62 gun salute at the Tower of London, and by providing a Guard of Honour (including the Regimental Band and the Massed Corps of Drums of the 1st Bn Grenadier Guards and the HAC) at St Paul's Cathedral.^[43] In December of that year, the Captain General visited and dined with the company to commemorate her Golden Jubilee as Captain General.^[44]

In 2005, the guns were withdrawn from Gun Troop and the Troop was renamed Liaison Troop (L Tp) with the role of providing liaison officer parties. The majority of L Tp deployed to Iraq over winter 2006/7. The ceremonial Light Guns were retained by the Regiment to fire salutes at the Tower of London.

In 2006, the HAC was the first major unit of the Territorial Army to convert to the Bowman communications system. When Bowman was withdrawn from the Territorial Army in 2008/9, it was one of the few units to retain the equipment.^[45]

From 2007 to 2012, one of the patrol squadrons (3 Sqn) was redesignated as the Training Squadron and took on the role of Regiment's Training Wing.

In 2014, the Regiment was re-roled and re-organised into a single Surveillance and Target Acquisition (STA) Patrol Squadron ( 1 Sqn – paired with 4/73 (Special OP) Bty) and two STA Squadrons (2 & 3 Sqns, paired with P and 93 Btys in 5 Regt RA).

In 2016, Queen Elizabeth II became the longest serving Captain-General of the HAC, with 64 years of service.^[46]

Current role and organisation

Current role

The HAC Regiment is a unit of the Army Reserve based just north of the City of London, providing a squadron of STA patrols and two squadrons in the Light STA role.

An STA Patrol comprises a team of four/six specialist soldiers, the role of STA Patrols is to conduct high risk static covert surveillance at long range and in close proximity to the enemy. The patrols are trained and equipped both to collect highly granular information and intelligence and to deliver joint effects at range; be they kinetic (all patrols contain personnel trained in the delivery of precision and indirect fires) or non-kinetic. A pre-requisite of service in the Patrols is successful completion of the STA Patrol Course and qualification as a Special Observer. Training emphasises mental and physical resilience and a high premium is placed on well developed self-reliance and self-discipline. Patrols are trained with a variety of skills to mitigate the dangers of operating in a high risk environment and/or isolated circumstances. Unlike most Army Reserve units, who are only required to train at up to sub-unit (company or squadron) level, the HAC is required to train as a regiment.^[47] Its Permanent Staff Instructors are drawn from across the British Armed Forces.

The HAC has a ceremonial role in providing guards of honour at the Guildhall in the City of London during state visits and, since 1924 (when the Royal Artillery ceased to be stationed at the Tower), has provided the saluting battery at the Tower of London for state occasions. Due to the demanding requirements of their role, the HAC is privileged to be one of only a small number of Army Reserve units with responsibility for the carrying out portions of Phase 1 (recruits) and 2 training of its own soldiers 'in house'. The recruits course comprises six HAC-only weekends, followed by a two-week camp with other reserve soldiers at an Army Training Unit (usually Pirbright).

Organisation

The HAC is not part of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, being an older and separate regiment with its own uniform, insignia and colours. Operationally the regiment forms part of 1st Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade. The sub units of the HAC are:^[48] Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) – Squadrons.^[48][48]

• Headquarters Squadron.
  • The Corps of Drums. Inherited from the infantry battalion and still wearing the grenade beret badge, Foot Guards belt, beret badge backing and tactical recognition flash. As with an infantry battalion corps of drums, the drummers are 'soldiers first' and regularly deploy soldiers on operations as well as fulfilling their ceremonial role. The Corps of Drums form part of HQ Squadron and are a separate entity from the Band who are primarily musicians. Recently they were re-roled to create the core personnel of the Parachute Gun Troop whilst still maintaining their ceremonial drumming role.
  • The Medical Wing, commanded by the Surgeon Major who is a Royal Army Medical Corps officer, provides medical support to the Regiment for peacetime training and on deployment. Combat Medical Technicians within the Medical Wing undergo additional specialist medical training with the Defence Medical Services.
  • Parachute Gun Troop, a Troop of Light Gun detachments trained to operate the 105mm Light Gun. The Gun Troop is paired with 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery.
  • CIS Troop, a troop to provide Communications Information Systems capability to the HAC and other units within 1ISR.
  • Enabling Troop, a troop to provide logistics and motorised capability to the HAC and other units within 1ISR.
• STA Squadrons, each Squadron is about 80 soldiers strong:
  • 1 Squadron, Surveillance and Target Acquisition patrols.
  • 2 Squadron, manpower for Light STA detachments.
  • 3 Squadron, manpower for Light STA detachments.

Operations

The Regiment has had individuals or sub-units on active service at all times since 1996; with the personnel serving in a wide variety of roles in Northern Ireland, Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan and various countries in Africa.^[1] Commitments included the deployment of individuals to HUMINT roles in the Balkans (including as part of Joint Commission Observer teams) and then formed patrols to Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq; independent sub-units to Operation Telic 4 and 5 in Iraq and L Troop to Operation Telic 9; as well as individual and group reinforcements to other infantry and artillery units.^[49] In recent times, the rate of deployment, generally in groups of 10, has speeded up dramatically. These groups are divided between operating and maintaining anti-mortar systems and other high technology equipment and forming part of the Brigade Reconnaissance Force (BRF).^[50]

On Tuesday 4 December 2007, Trooper Jack Sadler who was serving with the BRF was killed when his vehicle was hit by a blast north of Sangin, in Helmand province. Two other soldiers were injured in the attack.^[51] In 2008, the Runner-up for the Cobra Trophy for Volunteer Reservist of the year was Trooper Adam Cocks of 2 Squadron HAC, who was severely injured in Afghanistan when his vehicle struck a mine. While recuperating at Headley Court rehabilitation centre, he and a friend came up with the idea of a rugby match at Twickenham to help raise money for the charity Help for Heroes.^[52]

Soldier ranks

The non-commissioned ranks of the HAC are as follows

• Trooper (Drummer if in the Corps of Drums)
• Lance Corporal (Corporal insignia)
• Lance Sergeant
• Sergeant
• Colour Sergeant
• Warrant Officer Class 2
• Warrant Officer Class 1 (there are no WO1 posts for reserves in the HAC, however HAC soldiers can achieve this rank on Extra Regimental Employment)

Dress

In 1830, King William IV ordered that the uniform of the HAC should be based on that of the Grenadier Guards, except that where the Grenadiers wear gold, the HAC were to wear silver. This tradition is continued today by the wearing of the silver coloured grenade in the forage cap similar to the brass one of the Grenadiers, and the buttons and lace on HAC dress uniforms being silver coloured instead of gold. The Corps of Drums wear the Household Division's blue red blue TRF.

Berets

The HAC wear the same khaki beret as the Footguards, but with the HAC's own cap badge ("short arms") in white metal on a black backing. Officers and Warrant Officers wear an embroidered cloth version of the same badge. The Corps of Drums and Regimental Band wear the HAC infantry grenade on a blue red blue backing, which is superficially identical to that of the Grenadier Guards.

From July 2008, members of 4/73 (Sphinx) Special OP Battery, the HAC's regular 'sister' unit, adopted the khaki beret to mark their close working relationship.^[53]

• Headdress badges of the HAC
• 
  HAC Gunner Badge worn by Officers in No 1 Dress (Gunner) on Artillery ceremonial duties
• 
  Officer's and Warrant Officer's beret badge
• 
  other ranks Beret badge
• 
  Officer's forage cap badge (Infantry)
• 
  Grenade worn by SNCOs of all sub units in forage cap, and Band and Drums in the beret
• 
  Grenade worn by ranks below Sergeant in the forage cap, and by the Band and Corps of Drums in the beret

Other headdress

On the forage cap, the HAC infantry grenade (white metal) is worn by junior ranks of all subunits of the regiment. Sergeants and Warrant Officers wear a different version of the grenade, which has the letters HAC in brass on the ball of the grenade.

Officers wear an embroidered silver grenade on their forage caps in No 1 Dress (Infantry) and on the Service Dress forage cap but when in No 1 Dress (Gunner) they wear the HAC Artillery cap badge. The latter is similar to that of the Royal Artillery but with "HAC" and "Arma Pacis Fulcra" replacing "Ubique" and "Quo Fas et Gloria Ducunt".

In Full Dress (normally only worn by the Band and Corps of Drums), the Bearskin is worn without a plume.

Badges of rank

In No 2 dress, Soldiers wear the larger Foot Guards badges of rank and qualification. Lance Corporals wear two chevrons and Lance Sergeants three. In Full Dress and Number 1 dress, WO2's wear a large colour badge of the same pattern as the Grenadier Guards, but in silver rather than gold.

Officers' crowns and stars are of the same pattern as those of the Grenadiers (Order of the Garter), woven for combat uniforms but in silver for Service and Barrack Dress.

Stable belts

Each Squadron wears a different stable belt:

• HQ Sqn and Band – red and blue edged with narrow yellow stripes
• 1 Sqn – red
• 2 Sqn – green (Identical to that worn by The Rifles)
• 3 Sqn – blue
• Training Wing – black
• Corps of Drums – blue red blue (Identical to that worn by the Foot Guards)

Honourable Artillery Company (RHQ, HQ squadron, and Band)		Honourable Artillery Company (1 squadron)		Honourable Artillery Company (2 squadron)
Honourable Artillery Company (3 squadron)		Honourable Artillery Company (Training Wing)		Honourable Artillery Company (Corps of Drums)

Other distinctions

In 1906, King Edward VII gave the HAC the distinction of a special ribbon for the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and Volunteer Long Service Medal. The ribbon, based on The King's personal colours (in turn taken from the Royal Standard), is red and blue edged with narrow yellow stripes. This ribbon has been carried forward to subsequent Territorial long service medals awarded to HAC members.^[54][55]

Each year the Captain General awards a prize to the member of the Regiment who is deemed to have made an outstanding contribution to the Regiment. Holders of this prize, known as the King's or Queen's Prize wear a badge incorporating the Captain General's cypher and the year of award on Numbers 1, 2 and 10 (Mess) Dress.

B Battery HAC supported the 10th Hussars during the Second World War and, in 1972, the Captain General approved the Battery wearing a 10th Hussar button as the top button on Numbers 1, 2 and 10 dress. This privilege is carried on by 2 Sqn following the 1973 re-organisation.

The Regiment's soldiers, with the exception of the Corps of Drums, do not wear TRFs (Tactical recognition flashs), even when its members are attached to other units.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the company is a Shield of Arms, helm, mantling and crest with as supporters a Pikeman and a Musketeer and the motto 'Arma Pacis Fulcra', Unlike other regiments of the British Army, the HAC is incorporated and is therefore eligible to bear and use a Coat of arms. It is believed to date from circa 1615 and the coat of arms appears on a military manual published in 1629.^[56]

Battle honours

• South Africa 1900–02.
• The Great War (3 Bns and 7 Btys): Ypres 1915 '17, Somme 1916 '18, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Arleux, Bullecourt, Pilckem, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Amiens, Albert 1918, Bapaume 1918, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Épèhy, St. Quentin Canal, Cambrai 1918, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Piave, Vittorio Veneto, Italy 1917–18, Rafah, Egypt 1915–17, Gaza, El Mughar, Jerusalem, Jordan, Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine 1917–18, Aden.
• The Second World War: Bourguébus Ridge, Antwerp, Le Havre, Rhine, North-West Europe 1944–45, Knightsbridge, El Alamein, El Hamma, Sbiba, Thala, Tunis, North Africa 1941–43, Sicily 1943, Cassino II, Coriano, Senio, Italy 1944–45.

The battle honours listed were awarded for services of both infantry and artillery units of the HAC. Those in bold are borne on the Colours.

Colours

The HAC is unique within the British Army in having two types of Colours. The HAC has its ceremonial Guns (which are considered Colours in Artillery regiments), but also carries a stand of traditional Colours of the Infantry. These Colours follow the pattern of line infantry regiments: the Queen's Colour being a version of the Union Flag, the Regimental Colour being blue with the HAC Coat of Arms in the centre.
The last four occasions that new Colours have been presented to the Regiment were in 1928 by Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII), and in 1955, 1980 and on 18 May 2007 by HM Queen Elizabeth II, the regiment's Captain General.^[57]

The 1928 Colours are now on display in the Medal Room at Armoury House.

Squadron affiliations

Each of 1, 2 and 3 Squadrons is affiliated to several of the historic sub-units of the HAC and carries on their traditions, hence 2 Squadron wearing the 10th Hussar Button. For example:

• 1 Squadron is affiliated to A Battery, No 1 Company and the Grenadier Company
• 2 Squadron is affiliated to B Battery, No 3 Company, No 4 Company and the Yager Company.
• 3 Squadron is affiliated to 2nd Regiment HAC, C Battery, G Locating Battery, Headquarters, Support and Light Companies.

City of London Police Special Constabulary

In 1919, following a decision to increase the strength of the Metropolitan Police Reserve Force, the Home Secretary approached the HAC to form a Division of Special Constabulary. Some 150 members, mostly Great War veterans, rallied to the call and joined the Division, forming the HAC Detachment. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the Detachment was integrated into G Division of the Metropolitan Police and then later with Islington Division.^[58] Following reorganisation, the Detachment is now part of the City of London Police Special Constabulary,^[59] its administrative base is Armoury House.^[60]

In 2010, the Ferrers Trophy was awarded to Special Constable Patrick Rarden of the detachment for using his banking skills and experience to help train colleagues and provide invaluable assistance to solve fraud cases.^[61] The award is given annually to police volunteers for exceptional dedication and innovation.

The detachment retains the Detachment's unique identity by wearing the HAC Regimental Titles in addition to their Divisional identification. They are considered an 'Active' unit of the HAC as is the Regiment and continue the HAC's tradition of keeping order within the City of London.

"The Company"

As well as the Territorial Army Regiment and Specials (the "Active Units"), the HAC exists as a separate charitable organisation^[62]—often colloquially referred to as "The Company" or "The House". The Company owns Armoury House and the Regiment's current grounds and, in addition to supporting the Active Unit, provides the basis for a social calendar.

There are two distinct classes of member of the Company. The first, Regimental Members, are those who are currently serving or who have previously served in the HAC Regiment or Special Constabulary. The second, Members, must have served at least two years in Regular or three years in Volunteer units of the Crown or in the Police.^[63] Some members are people who have reached senior rank (for example Major General The Duke of Westminster)^[64] and they provide some 17% of the overall membership of the Company.^[65]

Since 1633, the Company has been governed by a Court of Assistants, like many of the City Livery Companies. The first Annual General Court for which a record can be found was held in 1660. In the early part of the 17th century, the Court of Aldermen of the City of London appointed the chief officers and paid the professional soldiers who trained members of the Company. The Lord Mayor and Aldermen are honorary members of the Court of Assistants.

There are two civilian ceremonial organisations that are part of the HAC as distinct from the 'Active Units' of the Regiment and the Specials:

Pikemen and Musketeers

The Pikemen and Musketeers (formed 1925, given a Royal Warrant 1955) are made up of veteran members of the Active Unit. They are the personal bodyguard of the Lord Mayor of the City of London and form his Guard on ceremonial occasions.

Light Cavalry

The Light Cavalry Troop (formed 1979, granted Royal Warrant 2004)^[66] is open to both Regimental and Non-Regimental members of the Company.^[63] They escort the Lady Mayoress, and in particular provide her 'Travelling Escort' at the Lord Mayor's Show. Both mounted and dismounted elements of the Light Cavalry supply guards at polo matches at Smith's Lawn Windsor during the summer months.

Grounds

Site

From 1538 to 1658, the HAC occupied and trained at the Old Artillery Ground in Spitalfields on the site of the outer precinct of the dissolved Priory and Hospital of St Mary Spital. In 1658, following disputes over use of the Ground with the Gunners of the Tower, it moved to its current site south of the Bunhill Fields Burial Ground continuing to the south as far as Chiswell St. This area is described in a map of the area of 1677 as the 'New Artillery Garden' and has variously been referred to as the Artillery Ground and the Artillery Garden. This current site now falls in the London Borough of Islington, and is just north of the City of London, the main entrance being in City Road.

During the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings on the London transport system, the Artillery Garden was used as a temporary mortuary.^[1]

Armoury House

Armoury House stands at the north of these grounds, and is the home of the HAC. It was built to replace a smaller 17th-century armoury; the central portion being completed in 1735 to designs by Thomas Stibbs financed in part by a gift of £500 from King George I. Subscriptions were received from members of the Company and from the Court of Lieutenancy for the City of London. The building cost £1,690, which included the price of the furniture.

In 1802, a distinctive flag tower was added to the roof. The East and West Wings were built in 1828, replacing much smaller buildings on either side of Armoury House. A cottage, originally for the Sergeant Major, was built against the West Wing in 1850.

1862 saw the completion of a Victorian drill hall attached to the rear. The Albert Room, as it was called, featured an iron trussed roof and was named in honour of the then recently deceased Prince Albert.

In 1990, the hall was bombed by the Provisional IRA whilst a 21st birthday party was in progress.^[67]

Finsbury Barracks

Finsbury Barracks is the Regiment's Headquarters and is leased by London RFCA from the HAC itself. Completed in 1857, it was designed by the architect Joseph Jennings and built in Kentish Ragstone. An extension, faced in striped stone and granite, linking Finsbury Barracks to Armoury House was designed by Arnold & Boston and added in 1994. Finsbury Barracks was refurbished in the same year and was re-opened by the Captain General in 1996.

The HAC Shooting Lodge / "Bisley Hut"

Built in 1928 on land leased from the National Rifle Association at Bisley and replacing the original hut on the site. The building was funded by donations, including some in memory of the fallen of the First World War.^[68] it is a two-storey building with an oak-panelled dining room on the ground floor and sleeping accommodation on the first. In 2011, the HAC disposed of the Lodge and returned the land to the National Rifle Association.

Pencelli Estate

In 1999, the Company acquired the Welsh Pencelli Estate near Brecon as an area that could be used by the Regiment for military and adventure training. The historic estate lies in the heart of the Brecon Beacons National Park and comprises approximately 14,000 acres (57 km²) of hill land.

Notable members of the HAC

Captains General of the HAC

Date Appointed	Incumbent
1657	Major General Philip Skippon
1660	James II
1690	William III
1702	Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland
1715	George II
1766	George IV
1830	William IV
1837	Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
1843	Prince Albert, the Prince Consort
24 July 1863	Edward VII
7 May 1910	George V
1 February 1936	Edward VIII
10 December 1936	George VI
6 February 1952	Elizabeth II[1]

Colonels Commandant

• Colonel the Earl of Denbigh (1903–1933)^[69]
• Colonel the Viscount Galway (1933–1935)^[70]
• Colonel the Earl Fortescue (1935–1943)^[71]
• Field Marshal Viscount Gort (1943–1946)^[72]
• Field Marshal Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke (1946–1954)^[73]
• Major General Sir Julian Gascoigne (1954–1959)^[74]
• General Sir Richard Goodbody (1959–1966)^[75]
• General Sir Rodney Moore (1966–1976)^[76]
• General Sir Victor FitzGeorge-Balfour (1976–1984)^[77]
• General Sir Richard Trant (1984–1992)^[78]
• General Sir Michael Wilkes (1992–1998)^[79]
• General Sir Alexander Harley (1998–2003)^[80]
• General Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman (2003–2010)^[81]
• Lieutenant General Sir Barney White-Spunner (2010–2013)^[82]
• General Sir Richard Barrons (2013–Present)^[83]

Others

• Major Tom Addington, an outstanding all-rounder: sportsman, Commando, paratrooper and horse gunner, he was awarded an MC in the Netherlands.^[84]
• Jock Airlie (Seton), Association Football Player^[85]
• Kevin Alderton, holder of the blind speed ski world record^[86]
• Bertram Archer GC OBE ERD**, awarded GC for work on bomb disposal in WW2. Member of the HAC before joining Royal Engineers.
• Major General Dennis Beckett CB DSO OBE awarded a DSO at the Battle of Monte Cassino^[87][88]
• Air Vice-Marshal Sir Cecil Boucher KBE CB DFC started his service career as a trumpeter in the Honourable Artillery Company.
• Prince Rupert of the Rhine^[89]
• George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle^[89]
• Gregory Barker, MP^[90]
• Robert Henry Cain VC
• Erskine Childers, joined City Imperial Volunteers 1898, RN commission in 1914
• Patrick Delaforce, Military historian and author
• James Gray, MP
• Charles Greenwood, HAC before joining regular artillery, earned MC at Monte Cassino^[91]
• Reginald Leonard Haine VC, MC*
• Sir Edward Heath KG, former Prime Minister
• Adrian Hill, Artist and author
• Colonel Robert Hunter – Army officer who knocked out two Tiger tanks in Germany^[92]
• Robert Keayne – founder of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts
• John Patrick Kenneally VC
• Maj Gen Simon Lalor CB TD, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff for Reserves and Cadets (UK's senior serving Reservist), 2007–2010
• John Laurie, Shakespearean and TV actor.
• LGen Andrew Leslie OMM, MSC, MSM, CD, former Chief of Land Staff, Canadian Forces^[93]
• Nigel Bruce, Soldier and Actor.
• Major David Liddell MC^[94]
• Guy Liddell CB MBE MC, Deputy-Director-General MI5, One of Britain's principal wartime spymasters. Brother of Major David Liddell MC^[95]
• Ronald Light, defendant in the Green Bicycle Case
• Vincenzo Lunardi, honorary member^[96]
• Sir Clive Martin OBE TD DL, former Lord Mayor of the City of London
• General Sir Richard O'Connor, KT, GCB, DSO, MC, ADC^[97][98]
• Richard Owen^[99] was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist.
• Samuel Pepys (1633–1703) – diarist
• Sir Christopher Wren – Architect, scientist and a founder of the Royal Society
• Alfred Oliver Pollard VC, MC*, DCM
• Kenneth Powell, Olympic hurdler^[100]
• Edward John Amoore, Olympic Gold and Bronze medalist for shooting at 1908 Olympics^[101]
• Hugh Pritchard (Olympic biathlete 2002 games)^[102]
• David Reindorp, Clergyman
• Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester^[103]
• Andrew Selous MP (b. 1962)
• Lord Francis Seymour
• Patrick Shovelton, one of Whitehall's most formidable international negotiators^[104]
• John Talbot, awarded the MC in Normandy in 1944.^[105]
• Basil Williams, historian^[106]
• Colonel Orde Wingate, son of Maj. Gen. Orde Wingate

Affiliations

•  South Africa – Transvaal Horse Artillery
• USA – Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts

Schools affiliation

In 1995 six public schools (Eton, Harrow, Marlborough, Radley, Rugby and Wellington) became affiliated to the Company. The rationale behind these affiliations is to facilitate communication with the schools and to inform students of the opportunities available to them within the HAC.^[56] The schools were selected on the count of former pupils who became casualties whilst serving in the Great War.

Cadet Force

The HAC established a Cadet Battalion in 1942 during the Second World War which continued until 1958. During the War and until 1948 members of the Cadet Battalion fired salutes and provided guards of honour whilst members of the HAC were away on active service.^[107] In 2012 the HAC sponsored and helped establish a cadet unit at the City of London Academy Islington.^[108]

See also

• Honourable Artillery Company Museum
• Transvaal Horse Artillery

Order of precedence

Preceded by Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers

Order of Precedence

Succeeded by Army Reserve

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

• Bluett, Antony A Gunner's Crusade: The Campaign in the Desert, Palestine & Syria as Experienced by the Honourable Artillery Company During the Great War Leonaur Ltd
• Goold Walker, G The Honourable Artillery Company, 1537–1947 2nd edition (Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1954)
• Goold Walker, G The Honourable Artillery Company, 1537–1987 3rd edition (London: Honourable Artillery Company, 1986)
• Litchfield, Norman E.H., The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.
• Money Barnes, Maj R., The Soldiers of London, London: Seeley Service, 1963.
• Nash, NS, Valour in the Trenches!: 'Bombo' Pollard VC MC* DCM HAC in The Great War Pen & Sword Military (20 October 2011)
• Pollard, AO Fire-eater. The Memoirs of a VC Naval & Military Press Ltd (20 June 2006)
• Routledge, Brig N.W., History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, ISBN 1-85753-099-3
• Trebich, Willy Broken Swastika, Futura Publications Limited
• Wood, Jake Among You: The Extraordinary True Story of a Soldier Broken by War Mainstream Publishing (17 January 2013)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Honourable Artillery Company.

• The "Company" website
• The Light Cavalry HAC website
• The HAC Pikemen & Musketeers
• Newsreel showing the Earl of Athlone inspecting the HAC Horse Artillery in 1932.
• Newsreel of the Queen presenting new HAC Colours in 1955. The final part of the clip demonstrates the unique regimental custom of toasting or cheering a member of the Company with "Regimental Fire".
• Newsreel of HAC infantry on exercise and of the Pikemen in 1958
• Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org) - archive site