Telonemia
| Telonemia | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | incertae sedis |
| (unranked): | Cryptista |
| Phylum: | Corbihelia |
| Superclass: | Corbistoma |
| Class: | Telonemea |
| Genera | |
Telonemia is a phylum of microscopic eukaryote, single-celled organisms.[1] They were formerly classified as protists until that kingdom fell out of general use, and are suggested to have evolutionary significance in being a possible transitional form between ecologically important heterotrophic and photosynthetic species among chromalveolates.[2][3]
One paper places them in the SAR supergroup.[4] Phylogenomic analyses of 127 genes place Telonemia with Centroheliozoa in a group also consisting of cryptomonads and haptophytes[5] (see Cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage).
Although they have been studied in primarily marine environments, they have also been found in freshwater.[6][7]
Telonemia: a new phylum related to the kingdom Chromista. It was recently discovered by Shalchian-Tabrizi et al. [36] that the 18S rDNA sequences formed two major groups, Group 1 and 2, including T. subtilis and T. antarcticum respectively, and that these were further sub-divided into several statistically supported clades of sequences with restricted geographic distribution. Species of Telonemia are heterotrophic predators, feeding on a wide range of bacteria and pico- to nano-sized phytoplankton. By using specific PCR primers we reveal a much larger diversity of Telonemia from environmental samples than previously uncovered by eukaryote-wide primers. They are globally distributed in marine waters and are frequently encountered in environmental clone libraries. The evolutionary origin of Telonema was inferred from phylogenetic reconstruction of single- and concatenated sequences obtained from both cultured strains and environmental clones (SSU only). [8]
Species
Although only two species have been described formally,[9] DNA sequences collected from seawater suggest there are many more species which have not yet been described.[10]
- Class Telonemea Cavalier-Smith 1993[11] [Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi 2006]
- Order Telonemida Cavalier-Smith 1993
References
- ↑ http://www.apollon.uio.no/vis/art/2006_4/Artikler/telonemia_english
- ↑ Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Eikrem W, Klaveness D, Vaulot D, Minge M, Le Gall F, Romari K, Throndsen J, Botnen A, Massana R, Thomsen H, Jakobsen K (2006). "Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages". Proc Biol Sci. 273 (1595): 1833–42. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515. PMC 1634789
. PMID 16790418. - ↑ http://www.cees.no/component/option,com_seminar/id,98
- ↑ Reeb, Vc; Peglar, Mt; Yoon, Hs; Bai, Jr; Wu, M; Siu, P; Grafenberg, Jl; Reyes-Prieto, A; Rümmele, Se; Gross, J; Bhattacharya, D (May 2009). "Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 53 (1): 202–11. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19398025.
- ↑ Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). "Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal That Two Enigmatic Protist Lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, Are Related to Photosynthetic Chromalveolates" (Free full text). Genome Biology and Evolution. 1: 231–8. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193.
- ↑ Lefèvre, E; Roussel, B; Amblard, C; Sime-Ngando, T (Jun 2008). Ibelings, Bas, ed. "The Molecular Diversity of Freshwater Picoeukaryotes Reveals High Occurrence of Putative Parasitoids in the Plankton" (Free full text). PLoS ONE. 3 (6): e2324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002324. PMC 2396521. PMID 18545660.
- ↑ Bråte, J; Klaveness, D; Rygh, T; Jakobsen, K.S; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (Jun 2010). "Telonemia-specific environmental 18S rDNA PCR reveals unknown diversity and multiple marine-freshwater colonizations" (Free full text). BMC Microbiology. 10: 168. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-168. PMC 2891722. PMID 20534135.
- ↑ "Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages". Nih.gov. US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ↑ Dag Klaveness1, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Thomsen, H.A.; Eikrem, W; Jakobsen, K.S (2005). "Telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 55 (6): 2595–2604. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63652-0. PMID 16280533.
- ↑ Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, Ks (Apr 2007). "Analysis of environmental 18S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals unknown diversity of the cosmopolitan phylum Telonemia". Protist. 158 (2): 173–80. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17196879.
- ↑ Cavalier-Smith; Chao; Lewis (2015), "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 331–362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004
- ↑ "European Marine Biodiversity Research Sites". MarBEF. Flanders Marine Institute. 2004.
External links
- Taxonomy, from the Taxonomy Browser of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- Images, etc. from iSpecies.org