Telmatobius espadai

Inquisivi water frog
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Telmatobiidae
Genus: Telmatobius
Species: T. espadai
Binomial name
Telmatobius espadai
De la Riva, 2005

Telmatobius espadai, also known as the Inquisivi water frog, is a species of frog in the Telmatobiidae family, one of fourteen species of Telmatobius water frogs endemic to Bolivia.[1]

Description

This small water frog has greenish-brown skin, speckled with black and yellow flecks, and is well camouflaged as it sits under tree roots or stones. On close inspection it is possible to see that its rather robust body has many small bumps, known as pustules, on the back. The undersides of the legs are orange, and the underbelly and throat are grey.[2] The hind legs are long and slender, suited to propelling the frog through water, and its feet are only partially webbed, indicating that it spends part of its life on land. Juveniles of this species are greener than adults with more yellow flecks.[2]

Range and habitat

Telmatobius espadai occurs only in Bolivia, where it has been found in just two areas: the Rio Miguillas valley near Choquetanga Chico, in the department of La Paz, and near Rio Apaza, in the department of Cochabamba.[1][2]

An inhabitant of clear streams in the upper limits of cloud forest, this water frog occurs at 3,000–3,500 metres (9,800–11,500 ft) above sea level. Adults are generally found resting above the water sheltered by tree trunks and stones, whilst tadpoles and juveniles have been found hidden under stones and amongst aquatic plants.[1][2]

Biology

Little is known about the biology of this extremely rare species, which is thought to live a partially terrestrial life.[3] The tadpole possesses a large oral sucker, a unique feature amongst Telmatobius water frogs.[2] The function of this sucker has not yet been determined, although it is possible it may help the tadpole cling on to surfaces to prevent it from being swept away by currents, or it could even be used to suck up prey.[4][5]

Conservation

Telmatobius espadai is now extremely rare; a population census undertaken in 1998 found just one tadpole. This tadpole showed symptoms of chytridiomycosis, a disease that causes death in frogs and is thought to contribute to declines, and even extinctions, in frog species around the world.[1][6] There are also significant concerns over the possible effects of a road situated very near to one of the locations where the frog has been located.[1] In addition, various species of water frog are sometimes consumed as part of drink with supposed aphrodisiac qualities,[7] and this may also have contributed to the decline of this species.

Despite Telmatobius espadai being classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List,[8] there are, as of February 2010, no known conservation methods in place for this species and no current information on its status. The Rio Apaza population is located on the edges of the Carrasco National Park, and if it persists it will hopefully benefit from this proximity.[1]

References

This article incorporates text from the ARKive fact-file "Telmatobius espadai" under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License and the GFDL.

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 De la Riva, I. (February, 2010) Pers. comm./ on ARKive
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 De la Riva, I. (2005). "Bolivian frogs of the genus Telmatobius: synopsis, taxonomic comments, and description of a new species". Herpetological Monographs. 7: 65–100.
  3. ↑ IUCN Red List (February, 2009)
  4. ↑ Roach, J (2002-11-07). "Tiny African Tadpole a Big Sucker to its Prey". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society.
  5. ↑ Morell, V. (2001). "The fragile world of frogs". National Geographic. 199 (5): 106–123.
  6. ↑ Stuart, S. N.; Chanson, J.S.; Cox, N. A.; Young, B. E.; Rodrigues, A. S. L.; Fischman, D. L.; Waller, R. W. (2004). "Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide". Science. 306 (5702): 1783–1786. doi:10.1126/science.1103538. PMID 15486254.
  7. ↑ "Peruvian frogs saved from blender". BBC News. April 29, 2005. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
  8. ↑ Ignacio De la Riva (2008). "Telmatobius espadai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 3.1 (3.1). International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
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