Tatar confederation

Tatar Nine Tatars
Татарын ханлиг
nomadic confederation
8th century–1202
Tatar and their neighbours in the 13th century.
Capital		Not specified
Languages		Middle Mongolian
Religion		Shamanism
Government		Elective monarchy
		Temujin-Uge
		Megujin suult
		Jalibukha
Legislature		Kurultai
Historical era		High Middle Ages
•	Established	8th century
•	Disestablished	1202
Preceded by Succeeded by Liao dynasty Proto-Mongols Mongol Empire
Today part of		Mongolia  China

Tatar (Mongolian: Татар) was one of the five major Mongol tribal confederations (khanlig) in the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. The name "Tatar" was first recorded on the Kul Tigin monument as Otuz Tatar Bodun ('Thirty Tatar' tribe), 732. Subsequently the wider region was referred to by Europeans as "Tartary" or "Tartaria".

The Tatars inhabited the north-eastern Gobi in the 5th century and the Tatars became subjects of the Khitan Liao dynasty in the 10th century. After the fall of the Liao, the Tatars experienced pressure from the Jurchen Jin dynasty and were urged to fight against the other Mongol tribes. The Tatars lived on the fertile pastures around Hulun Nuur and Buir Nuur and occupied a trade route to China in the 12th century.

After the establishment of the Mongol Empire, the Tatars were subjugated by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. Under the leadership of his grandson Batu Khan, they moved westwards, driving with them many of the Turkic peoples toward the plains of Russia in the Turkic migrations.

Their name was used by Russians and Europeans to denote Mongols as well as Turkic peoples under Mongol rule, especially in the Golden Horde. Later, it was used for any Turkic or even Mongolic-speaking people encountered by Russians. Eventually however, the name stuck onto the Turkic Muslims of Ukraine and Russia, namely, the descendants of Muslim Volga Bulgars, Kipchaks, and Cumans, and Turkicized Mongols or Turco-Mongols (Nogais), as well as other Turkic speaking peoples (Siberian Tatars, Qasim Tatars, Mishar Tatars).