Republic of China Army

Not to be confused with People's Liberation Army Ground Force, the military forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Republic of China Army(Taiwan)
中華民國陸軍
Zhōnghuá Mínguó Lùjūn

Flag of the Republic of China Army
Active June 16, 1924 – present
Country  Republic of China
Type Army
Role Ground warfare
Size 400,000 (1997 est.)
130,000 (2008 est.)
Part of Republic of China Armed Forces
Garrison/HQ Longtan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Motto(s) "忠誠精實"
Colors Gold & Green
March "Army Anthem" (Chinese: 陸軍軍歌; "Lùjūnjūngē")
Engagements Northern Expedition
Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
Long March
Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
Battle of Baitag Bogd
Chinese Civil War
Chinese Communist Revolution
Battle of Guningtou
Battle of Nanri Island
Battle of Yijiangshan Islands
Vietnam War
Commanders
Commander-in-chief Gen. Chiu Kuo-cheng (邱國正)[1]
Deputy Commander-in-chief Lt. Gen. Pan Chia-yu (潘家宇)
Deputy Commander-in-chief Lt. Gen. Chen Chuan-kuan (陳泉官)
Insignia
Emblem
Republic of China Army
Traditional Chinese 中華民國陸軍
Simplified Chinese 中华民国陆军

The Republic of China Army(Taiwan) (ROCA; Chinese: 中華民國陸軍; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Lùjūn) is the largest branch of the Republic of China Armed Forces. An estimated 80% of the ROC Army is located on Taiwan, while the remainder are stationed on the smaller islands of Kinmen, Matsu and Penghu.

As the final line of defense against a possible invasion by the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the primary focus is on defense and counterattack against amphibious assault and urban warfare.

Organization

General Chiu Kuo-cheng, the incumbent commander of the ROC Army
ROC Army Logistics Command
ROC Army Chung Shyang II UAV

The ROC Army's current operational strength includes 3 armies, 5 corps. As of 2005, the Army's 35 brigades include 25 infantry brigades, 5 armoured brigades and 3 mechanized infantry brigades.[2][3][4] All infantry brigades stood down and transferred to Reserve Command after 2005.

This update reflects the ROCA order of battle at the conclusion of the Jinjing Restructuring Plan in 2008.

A new type of unit called defense team (守備隊) is being introduced. These are formed by elements of de-activated brigades under each area defense command. The strength of a defense team may vary from one or more reinforced battalions, making it roughly equal to a regiment. The team CO is usually a full colonel.[5]

Republic of China Army Command Headquarters

The ROC Army CHQ (中華民國國防部陸軍司令部) is headed by a 3-star general and is responsible for overall command of all ROC Army assets. Army GHQ is subordinate to the Chief of the General Staff (military), the Minister of National Defense (civilian) and the ROC President.
ROC Army SharpShooter Team
ROC Army Frogman
  • Internal Units: Personnel, Combat Readiness and Training, Logistics, Planning, Communications, Electronics and Information, General Affairs, Comptroller, Inspector General, Political Warfare.
  • Aviation and Special Forces Command (航空特戰指揮部)
  • 601 Air Cavalry Brigade (original special force battalion assigned transferred back to 862nd Brigade)
  • 602 Air Cavalry Brigade (original special force battalion assigned transferred back to 862nd Brigade)
  • 603 Air Cavalry Brigade (this is a phantom unit, only exists on paper, no manpower, units, helicopters assigned)
  • 101st Reconnaissance Battalion (better known as Sea Dragon Frogman, has a company station in Kinmen, Matsu, 3 in Penghu, and other frontline islands)
  • Special Forces Command (特戰指揮部) In charge of 3 training centers
  • Army Airborne Training Center (大武營「陸軍空降訓練中心」)
  • Army Special Forces Training Center (谷關「陸軍特戰訓練中心」)
  • Army Winter and Mountain Training Center (武嶺寒訓中心)
  • Special Operation Command
  • 862 Special Operation Group (originally 862nd Special Operation Brigade, with 3rd, 4th, and 6th battalion that transferred back from aviation brigades)
  • 871 Special Operation Group (units unknown)
  • 6th Army Corps (第六軍團指揮部): Northern Taiwan
  • Guandu Area Command
  • Lanyang Area Command
  • 269 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 542 Armor Brigade
  • 584 Armor Brigade
  • 21 Artillery Command
  • 53 Engineer Group
  • 73 Signals Group
  • 33 Chemical Warfare Group
  • 8th Army Corps (第八軍團指揮部): Southern Taiwan
  • 333 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
  • 564 Armor Brigade
  • 43 Artillery Command
  • 54 Engineer Group
  • 75 Signals Group
  • 39 Chemical Warfare Group
  • 10th Army Corps (第十軍團指揮部): Central Taiwan
  • 234 Mechanized Infantry Brigade (will receive CM-32 "Clouded Leopard" wheeled IFV beginning of 2011)[6]
  • 586 Armor Brigade
  • 58 Artillery Command
  • 52 Engineer Group
  • 36 Chemical Warfare Group
  • 74 Signals Group
  • Hua-Tung Defense Command (花東防衛指揮部): Eastern Taiwan
  • Hualien (花蓮) Defense Team
  • Taitung (台東) Area Command
  • Kinmen Defense Command (金門防衛指揮部)
  • Jindong (金東, Kinmen East) Defense Team
  • Jinshih (金西, Kinmen West) Defense Team
  • Shihyu (獅嶼) Defense Team
  • Artillery Group
  • Penghu Defense Command (澎湖防衛指揮部)
  • 1 Armored Battalion, 1 Armored Infantry Battalion, 1 Armored Cav Battalion, 1 mixed Artillery Battalion.
  • Matsu Defense Command (馬祖防衛指揮部)
  • Beigao (北高) Area Command
  • Juguang (莒光) Area Command
  • Dongyin Area Command (東引地區指揮部)
  • Logistics Command (後勤指揮部)
  • Education, Training and Doctorine Command (教育訓練暨準則發展指揮部)
  • Republic of China Military Academy, Training & Command Schools, Chemical Warfare Corps, Engineering Corps, Arsenal Development.
  • 9 active infantry brigades, 24 Reserve brigades (Activated only in time of war)

ROC Army's former Army Missile Command was transferred to ROC Air Force in 2006.

Republic of China Army, Organization as of 2016

Training

The Republic of China Military Academy trains officers for the army in a four-year program.

History

An honor guard stands guard at the National Martyrs Shrine in Taipei.

The Republic of China Army originated from Chinese National Revolutionary Army, which was founded by Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang (KMT) in 1924, when the Whampoa Military Academy was established with Soviet military assistance. Whampoa Military Academy, which was presided by Chiang Kai-shek, was tasked with the objective of training a professional Chinese revolutionary army (革命軍人） to unify China during the Warlord Era . It participated in the Northern Expedition, the Second Sino-Japanese War (during World War II) and the Chinese Civil War before withdrawing with the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949.

After 1949, the ROC Army has participated in combat operations on Kinmen and the Dachen Archipelago against the PLA in the Battle of Kuningtou, and in the First and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. In addition to these major conflicts, ROCA commandos were regularly sent to raid the Fujian and Guangdong coasts. Until the 1970s, the stated mission of the Army was to retake the mainland from the People's Republic of China. Following the lifting of martial law in 1988 and the democratization of the 1990s, the mission of the ROC Army has been shifted to the defense of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu from a PLA invasion.

With the reduction of the size of the ROC armed forces in recent years, the Army has endured the largest number of cutbacks as ROC military doctrine has begun to emphasize the importance of offshore engagement with the Navy and Air Force. Subsequent to this shift in emphasis, the ROC Navy and Air Force have taken precedence over the ROC Army in defense doctrine and weapons procurement.[7] Recent short-term goals in the Army include acquisition and development of joint command and control systems, advanced attack helicopters and armored vehicles, Multiple Launch Rocket System and field air defense systems. The Army is also in the process of transitioning to an all volunteer force.[4]

Equipment

The CM-32 Armoured Vehicle, currently under production (mobile-gun platform variant is shown).
An ROCA M60A3 TTS Main Battle Tank.

From the 1990s onwards, the Republic of China Army launched several upgrade programmes to replace out-dated equipment with cutting edge state of the art advanced weapons, also increasing its emphasis on forces that could be rapidly deployed and were suited for combat in Taiwan's heavily urbanized environment. Orders were placed with the United States for M60A3 Patton tanks, M109A6 "Paladin" howitzers and AH-1W SuperCobra attack helicopters, as well as updating existing equipment.

Along with the other ROC military branches, the ROC Army has extensive experience in the construction and utilization of underground tunnels and bases gained during the People's Republic of China's bombardments of Kinmen and Matsu during the Cold War and many facilities are rumoured to be located underground in undisclosed locations.

The U.S. Government announced on October 3, 2008 that it plans to sell $6.5 billion worth of arms to Taiwan ending the freeze of arms sales to Taiwan. Amongst other things, the plans include $2.532 billion worth of 30 AH-64D Apache Longbow Block III Attack helicopters with night-vision sensors, radar, 173 Stinger Block I air-to-air missiles and 1000 AGM-114L Hellfire missiles.[8] and 182 Javelin missiles will also be available with 20 Javelin command launchers and is estimated to cost $47 million.[9][10]

On January 29, 2010, US Government announced 5 notifications to US Congress for arms sales to Taiwan. Of the total 6.392 billion US dollars in the 5 announcements, ROC Army will receive 60 UH-60M and other related things for cost of 3.1 Billion.[11]

Helicopters

In July 2007 it was reported that the ROC Army would request the purchase of 30 AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopters from the US in the 2008 defence budget.[12] In October 2015 it was announced that 9 AH-64E had been grounded due to oxidation of components in the helicopters' tail rotor gearboxes and comprehensive safety checks were made on all Apaches. The 2008 defense budget also listed a request for 60 UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters as a partial replacement for the UH-1Hs currently in service.[13]

Main battle tanks

It has been reported that the ROC Army is seeking new third generation main battle tanks, as the M60A3s and CM-11s are aging. The possible tanks under consideration were the US M1A2, UK Challenger, German Leopard 2A6, French AMX-56 Leclerc and the Israeli Merkava. However, it is expected to procure the M1A2 due to closer military ties.[14]

On August 31, 2010, it was announced for next year's defense budget, ROCA plan for next generation MBT has been put on hold, due to lack of budget.[15] Recently the army was approved to buy 120 M1A1s, with budget allocation set for 2017 and delivery of the first batch expected by 2020. Some critics have been made to this purchases, some analysts have expressed that Taiwan's terrain and some of its bridges and roads are unsuitable for the 60-tonne M1A1.

Infantry vehicles

CM-32 Yunpao, an 8x8 armoured personnel carrier locally manufactured, will replace ageing M113s and V-150 armoured vehicles. It is a modular vehicle platform capable of accepting various configurations for specific combat requirements.

Armoured vehicles

Vehicle Origin Type In service Notes
M1A1  United States Main Battle Tank 0 Plan to buy 120 vehicles
M60A3 TTS  United States Main Battle Tank 480 Some are transferred to ROCMC[16]
CM-11 (M48H)  Taiwan Main Battle Tank 450 Assembled in Taiwan 1988–1994. Some transferred to ROCMC
CM-12  Taiwan Medium Tank 250 Modified in Taiwan from M48A3[17]
M48A3  Taiwan Medium Tank 50 Received 309 M48A1/A2 in the 1970s, modified in Taiwan to M48A3, 250 upgraded to CM-12 standard[17]
M41  United States Light Tank 775 50 M41D Modified in Taiwan, some M41 are in used by ROCMC
CM-32  Taiwan Eight-Wheeled IFV/Light Armoured Vehicle ~100 In production, first batch of 600, first unit will be 200th MIB in Central Taiwan.[6] 368 vehicles entering service by 2017–2018
CM-21  Taiwan M113 APC Variant 1,000+ Various variants produced from 1982 to 2009. CM-21/A1 personnel carrier
CM-22 mortar carrier for 107mm/120mm mortar
CM-23 mortar carrier for 81mm mortar
CM-24/A1 ammo carrier, can carry either 90 rounds of 155mm or 42 rounds 203mm
CM-25 TOW launcher
CM-26 Command Track
CM-27/A1 Recovery
M113  United States Tracked APC 650 Various variants, including personnel carrier, mortar carrier, ammo carrier, TOW launcher(retired), command and recovery[18]
V-150S  United States Amphibious APC 300 With Southern Army Group, 298th Mech Inf Brigade
AM General Humvee  United States Light Utility Vehicle 2,000–2,500 Various variants, including to carry local made machine guns and TOW 2A launchers, and others.

Artillery

Weapon Origin Type In service Notes
M110A2  United States 203mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 60
M109A2/A5  United States 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 197/28[19] Some transferred to ROCMC
M108  United States 105mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 225 [19]
M1  United States 240mm Fixed/Towed Howitzer 30+ Stationed in Kinmen/Quemoy and Matsu
M115  United States 203mm Towed Howitzer 90[19]
M59 "Long Tom"  United States 155mm Towed Howitzer 390[19]
M101  United States 105mm Towed Howitzer 650
M712 Copperhead  United States 155mm Laser-guided AP Artillery shell ??
RT/LT-2000  Taiwan 117mm, 180mm, or 227mm Wheeled MRL 43 57 originally ordered, later reduced to 43
Kung Feng VI  Taiwan 117mm or 126mm Wheeled MRL 72 24 per Corp[20]

Helicopters and UAVs

Aircraft Origin Type In service[4][21] Notes
AH-64E Apache  United States Attack helicopter 29 30 ordered, one lost to crash[22][23]
AH-1W SuperCobra  United States Attack helicopter 61
Bell OH-58D Kiowa  United States Light Observation Helicopter 39 Partially assembled in Taiwan
OH-6A Cayuse [24]  United States Light Observation Helicopter ??
Bell TH-67A Creek  United States Training helicopter 30
CH-47SD Chinook  United States Heavy Transport Helicopter 9
UH-60M Black Hawk  United States Utility helicopter 8 [25] 60 ordered. Delivery starts mid December 2014 for first 6, rest to arrive by in seven batches with full delivery by 2018[26]
AIDC UH-1H Iroquois  Taiwan Utility helicopter Fewer than 40 118 built under licence by AIDC
Chung Shyang II UAV  Taiwan Recon UAV ??

Anti-aircraft weapons

Platform Origin Type In service Notes
AIM-9 Sidewinder  United States IR-guided Air-to-Air Missile (AAM) 300 AIM-9S. Carry by F-16 or AH-1W[27]
AIM-92 Stinger  United States IR-guided Air-To-Air Stinger (ATAS) 173 Block I, ordered for AH-64D Block III APACHE Longbow Attack Helicopters[28]
Sky Sword II (TC-2)  Taiwan Radar-guided mid-range SAM/AAM ?? Carry by AIDC F-CK-1 or Tracked/Wheeled Trucks
MIM-72/M48 Chaparral  United States Tracked Sidewinder short-range SAM SPAAG 40 In service with Southern Army Group only. With 646 rounds of MIM-72F and 302 rounds of MIM-72E/G/J[19]
Sky Sword I (TC-1)  Taiwan IR-guided short-range SAM/AAM ?? Carry by AIDC F-CK-1 or Tracked/Wheeled Trucks
M-1097 Avenger (AN/TWQ-1)  United States Wheeled Stinger short-range SAM SPAAG 74 In service with Northern and Central Army Group only, came with 1299 Stingers purchased in the same deal[19]
M42 Duster  United States Tracked twin 40mm short-range AAA SPAAG ?? Still in service with Northern and Central Army Group anti-air units, 1 battalion each.[29]
Dual Mounted Stinger (DMS)  United States IR-guided Seated Tripod Stinger Launcher (not shoulder-fired MANPADS) 116 55 Stinger DMS launchers with 465 RMP rounds, from US Army stockpile and rebuilt/refurbished, sold to Taiwan May 1996 for 80 million.[30] 61 Stinger DMS launchers with 728 rounds, delivered between 1996 and 1998 for 180 million, some transferred to ROCMC[19]
FIM-92 Stinger  United States IR-guided Light Shoulder-fired MANPADS ??

Anti-ship weapons

Platform Origin Type In service Notes
Hsiung Feng III  Taiwan Radar-guided Ramjet Anti-Ship Missile (AShM) ?? Truck platform[31]
Hsiung Feng II  Taiwan Radar-guided Sea skimming Anti-Ship Missile (AShM) ?? Truck platform

Anti-tank weapons

Platform Origin Type In service Notes
Hellfire AGM-114L  United States Radar-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) 1,000 On order to be carried by AH-64E
Hellfire AGM-114K3  United States Laser-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) 240 Carried by AH-1W and OH-58D since 1999
Hellfire AGM-114C  United States Laser-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) 684 Carried by AH-1W and OH-58D[19]
BGM-71 TOW-2A/B  United States Optical/Wire-guided Anti-Tank Missile (ATGM) 3,100+ rounds and 163+ launchers[32] Used by ROC Army and ROCMC on HUMVEE, M-113, CM-25, and on AH-1W and OH-58D helicopters. After 1997, Taiwan purchased 1786 TOW-2A and 290 TOW-2B[33]
FGM-148 Javelin  United States IR-guided Shoulder-fired Top attack Radio VT Fuze Anti-Tank Missile (ATGM) 360 and 40 launchers 182 with 20 launchers on order
APILAS  France Unguided Shoulder-fired Top attack Radio VT Fuze Anti-Tank Missile (ATM) 1,000 Over 1,000 delivered by 1998
M136 (AT4)  Sweden Unguided Light Shoulder-fired Shaped charge RPG ?? Licence-built in US
M72 LAW  United States Unguided Light Shoulder-fired Shaped charge RPG ?? Produced locally as the Type 66

Other surface attack weapons

Platform Origin Type In service Notes
Yun Feng  Taiwan GPS-guided Supersonic Cruise missile/SSM ?? Truck platform
Hsiung Feng IIE  Taiwan GPS-guided Subsonic Cruise missile/SSM ?? Truck platform[31]
Hellfire AGM-114M3  United States Laser-guided Bunker buster ASM 449 Carry by AH-1W or OH-58D, ordered 9/2002[28]
Hydra 70[34]  United States Unguided anti-materiel Rocket ?? Carry by AH-64E, AH-1W, or OH-58D

Small arms

Weapon Origin Type Notes
T75K1  Taiwan 9mm pistol Based on M9/Beretta 92
Glock 17  Austria 9mm pistol
USP  Germany 9mm pistol
T51  Taiwan .45 ACP pistol License-produced M1911A1
Uzi  Israel 9mm submachine gun
Type 77 SMG  Taiwan 9mm submachine gun
Calico M960  United States 9mm submachine gun
MP5A5  Germany 9mm submachine gun
FN P90  Belgium 5.7x28mm personal defense weapon
M1 Carbine  United States .30 Carbine pistol
Franchi SPAS-12  Italy 12-gauge combat shotgun
M1014  Italy 12-gauge semi-automatic shotgun
M16A1  United States 5.56mm NATO assault rifle Limited use only
T65  Taiwan 5.56mm NATO assault rifle
T86  Taiwan 5.56mm NATO rifle & 40mm grenade launcher Evaluation Only
G36C  Germany 5.56mm NATO carbine assault rifle
AUG  Austria 5.56mm NATO assault rifle
M4A1  United States 5.56mm NATO carbine assault rifle
T91 carbine  Taiwan 5.56mm NATO carbine assault rifle Current standard issue
Type 57  Taiwan 7.62mm NATO battle rifle License-produced M14
M24  United States .308 Win sniper rifle
T93 sniper rifle  Taiwan .308 Win sniper rifle
SSG-2000   Switzerland .308 Win sniper rifle
DSR-1  Germany .308 Win sniper rifle
PSG-1  Germany .308 Win sniper rifle
Barrett M82A1 and also M107A1  United States .50 BMG sniper rifle Used with Army Special Forces
FN Minimi or T75 light machine gun  Belgium 5.56mm NATO squad automatic weapon
T74 general-purpose machine gun  Taiwan 7.62mm NATO general-purpose machine gun Based on FN MAG
M2  United States .50 BMG heavy machine gun
T85 grenade launcher  Taiwan 40mm grenade launcher
MGL Mk-1  South Africa 40mm grenade launcher
Mk-19 Mod 3  United States 40mm automatic grenade launcher Licensed production in Taiwan

Future weapons and acquisition

Platform Origin Type Notes
XT-99  Taiwan 9mm machine pistol In development from Glock 18, SIG P226, FN FNP-45, Five-seveN, and PDW[35]
MSR 9mm  Taiwan 9mm submachine gun In development from HK MP5, Magpul FMG-9, B&T MP9, FN P90, and PDW[36]
XT-97  Taiwan 5.56mm NATO assault rifle Designed in 2008 due for service in 2011 for Special forces[37]
XT-100  Taiwan 6.8mm SPC assault rifle In development from Gas-Operation, M951-KIT02, BGV-QDSF, and Harris BRM-S[38]
XT-101  Taiwan 3-in-one assault rifle In development from 6.5 Grendel, Diamondhead D-45, Ergo 4015, and Vltor EMod[39]
MUSR  Taiwan 3-in-one assault rifle In development from FN Scar, HK416, SG 550, AK-12, ARX-160, ACR, and XCR[40]
XT-98  Taiwan 7.62mm NATO battle rifle In development from Mk 14 EBR, FN FAL, SR-25, and LWRC REPR[35]
Yun Feng  Taiwan Supersonic Cruise missile Production for the new missile is scheduled to begin in 2014[41]

See also

References & notes

  1. ↑ "Taiwan News Quick Take". taipeitimes.com. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "Speculative ROC Army ORBAT". Taiwanmilitary.org. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
  3. ↑ "ROC Army". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
  4. 1 2 3 "2004 National Defense Report" (PDF). ROC Ministry of National Defense. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-11. Retrieved 2006-03-05.
  5. ↑ August 12, 2007. Retrieved Sept 16, 2009
  6. 1 2 "ROC Army 602nd Air Cav Brigade 2010 Open Base Exercise In The Rain". http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hojiyi/887241. Retrieved 2010-11-14. External link in |work= (help)
  7. ↑ Roy, Denny (2003). "Taiwan's Threat Perceptions: The Enemy Within" (PDF). Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. See "Reforming the Armed Forces", page 5.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  9. ↑ The Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/03/AR2008100303240.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ↑ http://asia.news.yahoo.com/081003/afp/081003211458asiapacificnews.html
  11. ↑ "USDA New Release" (PDF). dsca.mil. 2010-01-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  12. ↑ "Taiwan to Buy Apaches to Counter China Threat". Defense News. 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
  13. ↑ "Report says Taiwan sold 1 billion rifle bullets to U.S.". Retrieved 2007-11-05.
  14. ↑ "第三代主戰車 預計後年採購". libertytimes.com.tw. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  15. ↑ "Next Year Defense Budget Believed To Be Lowest In 5 Years". United Daily newspaper. 2010-08-31. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
  16. ↑ "ROCMC's 66th Brigade Receiving New Tanks". Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  17. 1 2 "http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&". http://blog.udn.com/YST2000/3306840?f_ORDER_BY=DESC&pno=1&. Retrieved 2010-01-14. External link in |title=, |work= (help)
  18. ↑ "ROC Army M113 TOW Launchers are phased out into history". http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hojiyi/680383. Retrieved 2010-04-05. External link in |work= (help)
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  20. ↑ "hojiyi". http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hojiyi/716295. Retrieved 2010-06-19. External link in |work= (help)
  21. ↑ "Aviation & Special Warfare Command". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  22. ↑ Crash destroys Taiwanese AH-64E Apache – Flightglobal.com, 26 April 2014
  23. ↑ Taiwan received fifth and last batch of AH-64E Apache attack helicopters – Airrecognition.com, 20 October 2014
  24. ↑ "OH-6A Cayuse / AH-6J Little Bird - Military Aircraft". fas.org. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  25. ↑ "Second batch of UH-60s arrive in Taiwan – IHS Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  26. ↑ "Taiwan to take delivery of first batch of Black Hawks in December". focustaiwan.tw. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  27. ↑ "www.taiwanairpower.org". www.taiwanairpower.org. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  28. 1 2 "www.taiwanairpower.org". www.taiwanairpower.org. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  29. ↑ "ROCAF air defense open base". Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  30. ↑ "www.defense.gov". www.defense.gov. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  31. 1 2 http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130814/DEFREG03/308140013/Taiwan-Displays-New-Missile-Launch-Vehicle
  32. ↑ "armstrade.sipri.org". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
  33. ↑ "2 TOW Missiles Missed During Exercise". Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  34. ↑ J. Michael Cole. "Taiwan Showcases AH-64E Apache Guardian Helicopters". The Diplomat. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  35. 1 2 "XT98 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle (M14 style rifle) and XT97 Pistol - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  36. ↑ "Taiwan 9mm MSR Submachine Gun Prototype - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  37. ↑ "XT-97-Assault-File". http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?163393-XT-97-Assault-File. Retrieved 2010-08-12. External link in |work= (help)
  38. ↑ "Taiwan XT100 6.8 SPC Assault Rifle - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  39. ↑ http://www.wayi.com.tw/news/news_wayi_article.aspx?idno=6749
  40. ↑ "Exclusive: Taiwan's Latest Type XT Prototype Rifle - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  41. ↑ http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130118/DEFREG03/301180021/Taiwan-Working-New-8216-Cloud-Peak-8217-Missile

External links

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