Enterococcus gallinarum
| Streptococcus gallinarum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Firmicutes |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Streptococcaceae |
| Genus: | Enterococcus |
| Species: | E. gallinarum |
Enterococcus gallinarum is a species of Enterococcus.[1] E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to vancomycin. Resistance is due to a chromosomal gene, vanC, which encodes for a terminal D-alanine-D-serine instead of the usual D-alanine-D-alanine in cell wall peptidoglycan precursor proteins.[2] That is a separate mechanism than the vancomycin resistance seen in VRE isolates of e. faecium and e. faecalis which is mediated by vanA or vanB.[3] This species is known to cause clusters of infection, although it considered very rare.[4] It is the only other known enterococcal species besides e. faecium and e. faecalis known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals.[5]
References
- ↑ Dargere S, Vergnaud M, Verdon R, et al. (June 2002). "Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis occurring on native heart valves". J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (6): 2308–10. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.6.2308-2310.2002. PMC 130811
. PMID 12037119. - ↑ "Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria". Infectious Diseases. ISBN 978-0-323-04579-7.
- ↑ Fluit, Ad C.; Visser, Maarten R.; Schmitz, Franz-Josef (2001-10-01). "Molecular Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 14 (4): 836–871. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.4.836-871.2001. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 89006. PMID 11585788.
- ↑ Gilmore MS; et al., eds. (2002). The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-234-8.
- ↑ "Enterococcus Species, Streptococcus gallolyticus Group, and Leuconostoc Species". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
External links
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