Stowmarket railway station

Stowmarket National Rail

Stowmarket railway station in 2013
Location
Place Stowmarket
Local authority Mid Suffolk
Grid reference TM051588
Operations
Station code SMK
Managed by Abellio Greater Anglia
Number of platforms 2
DfT category C2
Live arrivals/departures, station information and onward connections
from National Rail Enquiries
Annual rail passenger usage*
2004/05 Increase 0.418 million
2005/06 Increase 0.453 million
2006/07 Increase 0.546 million
2007/08 Increase 0.706 million
2008/09 Increase 0.752 million
2009/10 Increase 0.756 million
2010/11 Increase 0.856 million
2011/12 Increase 0.880 million
2012/13 Increase 0.928 million
2013/14 Increase 0.944 million
2014/15 Decrease 0.933 million
History
Key dates Opened 1846 (1846)
National Rail – UK railway stations
* Annual estimated passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial year(s) which end or originate at Stowmarket from Office of Rail and Road statistics. Methodology may vary year on year.
UK Railways portal

Stowmarket railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML) in the East of England, serving the town of Stowmarket, Suffolk. It is 80 miles 46 chains (129.7 km) down-line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Needham Market to the south and Diss to the north. It is also the junction where the Ipswich to Ely Line joins the GEML. Its three-letter station code is SMK.

The station is currently operated by Abellio Greater Anglia, which also runs all trains serving the station.

History

Opening (1846-1862)

The station was opened by the Ipswich & Bury Railway in 1846 with red brick main buildings in a flamboyant Jacobean manner by Frederick Barnes.

Building the railway from Ipswich to Bury St Edmunds proved challenging. When the Eastern Union Railway opened the line to Ipswich Stoke Hill railway station in 1846 this was located south of the existing tunnel. The Ipswich and Bury Railway built the tunnel which proved a challenge and then a further challenge awaited the railway’s engineers at Stowmarket area where local marsh swallowed up a lot of material with test probes finding the bog was 80 feet deep! The railway employed George Stephenson’s solution for the Chat Moss bog (a mere 40 feet deep) and a raft of brushwood and faggots was used to give the embankment a firm footing. The River Gipping was also diverted to aid the project.[1]

On 26 November 1846 the first test train ran to Bury St Edmunds with stops at most stations on the route with the inevitable lavish celebrations. The official opening followed on 7 December 1846 when a special train ran from Shoreditch (later Bishopsgate railway station) to a temporary station at Bury St Edmunds. The Board of Trade inspection took place on the 15 December 1846 and the line opened for traffic on 24 December.[2]

The IBR and the EUR (they shared most of the directors anyway) were worked as one concern from 1847 and the following year the line from Haughley Junction (just north of Stowmarket) and Norwich opened in stages: from Haughley to Finningham (4 miles) on 7 June 1848, from Finningham to Burston (11 miles) on 2 July 1849 and finally through to Norwich Victoria (18½ miles) on 1 December 1849. Stowmarket now had links to Bury St Edmunds and Norwich.

The EUR was in financial trouble and effectively hemmed in by the Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) making further expansion difficult. Following negotiations in 1853, The ECR took over the working of the EUR (and thus Stowmarket statin) on 1 January 1854, a situation formally sanctioned by the Act of 7 August 1854.[3]

1854 also saw the completion of the link from Bury St Edmunds to Cambridge thus linking Ipswich and Stowmarket to Cambridge.[4] By the 1860s the railways in East Anglia were in financial trouble, and most were leased to the ECR; they wished to amalgamate formally, but could not obtain government agreement for this until 1862, when the Great Eastern Railway was formed by amalgamation. Thus Stowmarket became a GER station in 1862.[5]

Great Eastern Railway (1862-1922)

The line from Chippenham Junction to Snailwell Junction near Newmarket opened on 1 April 1880 giving Stowmarket a direct link to Ely and the Midlands.[Note 1] From 1883 the North Country Continental used this route to Manchester.[6]

Additional sidings were installed during World War One for the increased demand in explosive traffic and both the down and up side goods facilities remodelled.

London & North Eastern Railway (1923-1947)

Following the Railways Act 1921 Stowmarket station was operated by the London and North Eastern Railway from 1 January 1923. During the mid-1920s the LNER rebuilt the two track timber goods shed and a number of industrial concerns were built south of the station on the up side all of which were rail served.[7]

A third signal box – Stowmarket Works – was opened to serve these facilities in 1941.

British Railways (1948-1994)

Following nationalisation in 1948, Stowmarket station became part of the Eastern Region of British Railways. Stowmarket Works signal box closed in October 1957.

The buildings, which were Grade II listed in 1972, were restored in 1987.[8][9]

Goods traffic lasted until the mid-1970s, the yard being shunted by a Norwich based British Rail Class 03 locomotive. Some ICI traffic lasted a few years longer.

The line through the station was electrified and resignalled by British Rail in 1985 using the 25KV AC electric system. The first electric train ran on 6 April 1987 with the full electric service starting on 11 May 1987.[10]

The privatisation era

In April 1994 Railtrack became responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure. Railtrack was succeeded by Network Rail in 2002.

Passenger services have been operated by the following franchises:

Description

Passenger station

As mentioned above the station buildings were listed in 1972 and restored in 1987. Historic England describes the station buildings thus:

“Red brick with gault brick dressings under roofs clad in machine tiles. 1-3 storeys on high basements. Composition, in Jacobean style, is symmetrical, comprising a central one storey and attic block linked by single-storey ranges to taller 2-3 storey side blocks. Central block with Dutch gables to west, north and south, the west one facing the entrance and with an attic window. Windows generally are ovolo-moulded cross casements, cornices are saw-toothed. 2 square one-storey pavilions flank main entrance right and left. Recessed linking blocks had retaining walls with taller central doorways enclosing forecourt, but this remains now only to south side. Main outer blocks with cross casements, Dutch gables to all faces (north return of north block with twin shaped gables), and frontal (west) polygonal towers with doors at the bases and pierced parapets at the top. Gabled roofs carry romantically-placed 2- and 3-flued stacks. Platform canopies supported on square section welded steel piers of late C20. The piers rise to timber braces within which are cast-iron scrolled brackets. Inner face of main west range with 4 arches right and left of central entrance to booking hall.” [16]

Nicklaus Pevsner described it as “an elaborate piece of Elizabethan architecture by Frederick J Barnes, 1849. Red and yellow brick, symmetrical, with shaped gables and angle towers.”[17]

The Stowmarket area was controlled by two signal boxes – one at the station that exists today as a gate control box and the Yard Box to the south. A third called Stowmarket works existed 1941-1957.[18]

There are two platforms linked by a footbridge (which was replaced in 1985 with a taller structure to allow for the electrification of the route). The original footbridge is reserved at Weybourne railway station on the North Norfolk Railway. The down platform was restricted to five coaches for many years but both platforms were lengthened prior to electrification in 1985.[19]

Today (2016) there is a small convenience store is located on platform 2. Disabled access between platforms is possible using the Stowupland Road level crossing.

Most of the former railway land (goods sidings) is now given over for car parking for the station.

Goods facilities

The down side yard had an extensive array of sidings and a two-track wooden goods shed. Outbound goods traffic at Stowmarket was primarily agricultural in nature with coal being a major inward commodity.[20]

The up side also had a number of sidings some of which were located behind the up platform. Gun cotton was produced here first by Prentices and later by the New Explosives Company Limited.[21] [Note 2]

The latter siding was actually accessed from the down side sidings of the British Acetate Silk Corporation Ltd (as it was in 1927 later part of ICI) and a short tunnel under the main line. The site had a number of standard gauge industrial locomotives between 1915 and 1931 although after that date it was shunted by LNER and then BR locomotives. Both sites had a narrow gauge tramways but it is unknown whether these had any locomotives.[22]

Other local rail served businesses included a brewery (Sutton & Phillips),a timber merchant (W R Hewitt siding built 1904) ,a Co-op milk depot (built 1934) and a manure works (Prentices built 1870).[23][24][25]

Locomotive facilities

An inspection pit and coal stage were provided in the early 1920s – probably primarily used by the local shunting locomotive, generally a GER 0-6-0T engine such as a GER Class R24 (LNER Class J67) or similar undertook these duties.[26][27]

Currently (2016) the sidings at Marsh Lane, south of the station and on the site of the former down side goods yard, are used by Direct Rail Services as a locomotive stabling point. A crew office is provided on platform 1.[28]

Services

1850

The March 1850 Bradshaw’s Guide saw Eastern Union Railway services to Stowmarket shown on page 33. Four weekday EUR trains from Colchester (where they connected to Eastern Counties Railway trains) to Norwich Victoria served Stowmarket. Connections for Bury St Edmunds were made at Haughley Junction just to the north. A similar service operated in the up direction and an arrival in London (via a change at Colchester) could be made at 1005.

1964

The September 1964 British Railways Eastern Region timetable saw three service groups regularly serving Stowmarket:

In addition, there were a number of other (one off) cross-country trains including:

2016

Abellio Greater Anglia operate services calling at Stowmarket, comprising services between London Liverpool Street or Ipswich and Norwich, and other trains between Ipswich and Cambridge(hourly) or Peterborough (two-hourly) via the Ipswich to Ely Line. Limited additional services to/from Liverpool Street start or terminate at Stowmarket during rush hour.[30]

A Class 170 calls with a service to Peterborough

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stowmarket railway station.
  1. ↑ Moffat, Hugh (1987). East Anglia's first railways. Lavenham: Terence Dalton Limited. pp. 62–65. ISBN 0 86138 038 X.
  2. ↑ Moffat, Hugh (1987). East Anglia's first railways. Lavenham: Terence Dalton Limited. pp. 66–69. ISBN 0 86138 038 X.
  3. ↑ Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. London: Guild Publishing. p. 126. CN 8983.
  4. ↑ Robertson, Alic (July 2004). "Filling the gap". Great Eastern Journal. 119: 2–7.
  5. ↑ Vaughan, Adrian (1997). Railwaymen, Politics and Money. London: John Murray. pp. 134, 135. ISBN 0 7195 5150 1.
  6. ↑ Robertson, Alic (July 2004). "Filling the gap". Great Eastern Journal. 119: 2–7.
  7. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 71. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  8. ↑ Historic England. "Details from image database (384640)". Images of England.
  9. ↑ Biddle, Gordon (2003). Britain's Historic Railway Buildings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866247-5.
  10. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. Historical Background. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  11. ↑ "GB Railways wins Anglia" The Railway Magazine issue 1149 January 1997 page 11
  12. ↑ National Express wins rail franchise The Daily Telegraph 22 December 2003
  13. ↑ National Express Group Announced as Preferred Bidder for new Greater Anglia Franchise Strategic Rail Authority 22 December 2003
  14. ↑ National Express wins rail franchise The Telegraph 22 December 2003
  15. ↑ "Abellio has been awarded the Greater Anglia franchise" (Press release). Abellio. 20 October 2011.
  16. ↑ "Stowmarket Station". Historic England. Historic England. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  17. ↑ Pevsner, Nickolaus; Radcliffe, Ena (1974). The buildings of England - Suffolk (Second ed.). Harmondsworth UK: Penguin. p. 445. ISBN 9780140710205.
  18. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 72. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  19. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 74. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  20. ↑ Hawkins, Chris (1991). Great Eastern in Town and Country. Pinner UK: Irwell press. p. 48. ISBN 1 871608 25 2.
  21. ↑ "Teachers resources" (PDF). Museum of East Anglian Life. Museum of East Anglian Life. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  22. ↑ Fisher, C (1993). Industrial Locomtoves of East Anglia. London UK: Industrail Railway Society. p. 117. ISBN 0 901096 76 8.
  23. ↑ Connor, Bernard. "Coprolites". Suffolk Coprolite publications. Bernard Connor. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  24. ↑ Hawkins, Chris (1991). Great Eastern in Town and Country. Pinner UK: Irwell press. p. 49. ISBN 1 871608 25 2.
  25. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 76. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  26. ↑ Hawkins, Chris (1991). Great Eastern in Town and Country. Pinner UK: Irwell press. p. 45. ISBN 1 871608 25 2.
  27. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 75. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  28. ↑ Adderson, Richard; Kenworthy, Graham (October 2015). Ipswich to Diss. Midhurst UK: Middleton Press. p. 80. ISBN 978 1 908174 81 9.
  29. ↑ Kenworthy, Graham (January 2009). "GE stations part 4 - Mellis". Great Eastern Railway Society: 43.
  30. ↑ Table 11 & 14 National Rail timetable, May 2016

Notes

  1. ↑ The Newmarket to Ely line had opened the previous year
  2. ↑ A brief history of this works can be found here showing the various changes of ownership eventually becoming part of ICI http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/00bad737-b187-4f01-8c63-e540754af59c
  3. ↑ This service was withdrawn on 7 November 1966.

External links

Coordinates: 52°11′24″N 1°00′00″E / 52.190°N 1.000051°E / 52.190; 1.000051

Preceding station National Rail Following station
Abellio Greater Anglia
Abellio Greater Anglia
Dutchflyer
Norwich-Amsterdam
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Cambridge-Amsterdam
Historical railways
Line and station open
Great Eastern Railway
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