State Street subway (CTA)

State Street subway
A Red Line train coming out of the Willow portal
Overview
Type	Rapid transit
System	Chicago "L"
Status	Operational
Locale	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Termini	North/Clybourn Roosevelt
Stations	9
Services	Red Line
Daily ridership	53,601 (average weekday Feb. 2013)
Operation
Opened	October 17, 1943
Operator(s)	Chicago Transit Authority (1947–present) Chicago Rapid Transit Company (1943–1947)
Character	Subway
Rolling stock	5000-series
Technical
Line length	4.9 mi (7.9 km)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Electrification	Third rail, 600 V DC
Route map Legend North Side Main Line to Kimball, Howard, Skokie, and Linden Armitage North/Clybourn North Side Main Line to Loop Clark/Division Chicago Grand Chicago River State/Lake Lake Washington │ Washington Monroe Jackson │ Jackson Library Milwaukee–Dearborn Subway Harrison Roosevelt 13th Street Incline 17th Junction South Side Main Line to Midway, Ashland/63rd and Cottage Grove Dan Ryan branch to 95th/Dan Ryan

The State Street subway is an underground section of the Red Line "L" which is located in The Loop. It is 4.9 mi (7.9 km) long and has a boarding average of 53,601 passengers every weekday as of February 2013.^[1] It owes its name to State Street which it runs below. Since the subway is operated by the Red Line, it serves passengers 24 hours a day/7 days a week and 365 days a year.

The subway is notable for having the longest railway platform in North America, shared by all stations from Lake Street to Jackson Street.

History

The State Street subway project was funded by New Deal programs established by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. In 1937, the city of Chicago successfully applied for a federal grant and loan from the Works Progress Administration for a grant and a loan to fund the construction of two subway tunnels, the first of which would be built beneath State Street and the second beneath Milwaukee Avenue and Dearborn Street.

On December 17, 1938, the city of Chicago began construction of the State Street subway at the intersection of State Street and Chicago Avenue. The tunnel was buried deep to enable the use of a tunnel boring machine throughout the construction of the subway. Only brief sections were built using the "cut-and-cover' method. Unlike the Milwaukee-Dearborn subway, no delays occurred in construction and the subway opened for revenue service on October 17, 1943.^[2]

In November 1985, work began to extend the State Street subway from its original portal at 13th and State Street, where it connected to the South Side main Line, and the Englewood and Jackson Park branches, in order to connect the State Street subway to the Dan Ryan branch. The subway extension was completed by January 25, 1990, but did not immediately enter passenger service. On February 21, 1993, the CTA color-coded the lines and made the State Street subway and Dan Ryan Branch part of the present day Red Line. Trains were rerouted through the new subway extension to the Dan Ryan Branch which runs to 95th/Dan Ryan, while the South Side Elevated branch became part of the present day Green Line.^[3]

On April 13, 1992, during the Chicago flood 250,000,000 US gallons (950,000,000 l) of water poured into Chicago's subways and the basements of nearby buildings. Service through the State Street subway was stopped temporarily, while water was pumped out of the tunnels.^[4]

On November 18, 1997, the station at Lake permanently opened as an independent station, offering transfers to the elevated State/Lake station. Lake was originally part of the Washington station. On October 23, 2006, the Washington station closed due to the Block 37 project.^[5]

Station listing

State Street subway
Station	Location	Points of interest and notes
North/Clybourn	1599 N. Clybourn Avenue	Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Goose Island Brewery, Chicago History Museum, Apple Store
Clark/Division	1200 N. Clark Street	Newberry Library, Walter Payton College Prep High School, Gold Coast, Old Town
Chicago	800 N. State Street	John Hancock Center, Chicago Water Tower, Water Tower Place, Loyola University Chicago Water Tower Campus, Chicago's Uniqlo store, Moody Bible Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Museum of Contemporary Art, Holy Name Cathedral, River North, Gold Coast, Apple Store
Grand	521 N. State Street	Navy Pier, Medinah Temple, Rock N Roll McDonald's, River North, Streeterville
Lake	188 N. State Street	Chicago Theatre, Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago City Hall, Richard J. Daley Center, Macy's Transfer to Blue Line, Green Line, Orange Line, Pink Line, Purple Line, and Brown Line trains; Metra Electric and South Shore Line trains via the Pedway to Millennium Station. Originally part of Washington. Was called Lake-Washington (1996–1997)
Washington	128 N. State Street	Closed October 23, 2006; Former transfer station for Blue Line via a lower level transfer tunnel, Metra trains (Metra Electric Line), and South Shore Line
Monroe	26 S. State Street	Art Institute of Chicago, Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
Jackson	230 S. State Street	Grant Park, Petrillo Music Shell, Buckingham Fountain, Harold Washington Library Center, DePaul University, Robert Morris University, John Marshall Law School, Chicago Bar Association and The Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University
Harrison	608 S. State Street	Columbia College Chicago, Dearborn Station, Printing House Row District, Jones College Prep
Roosevelt	1167 S. State Street	Field Museum, Shedd Aquarium, Adler Planetarium, Northerly Island (formerly Meigs Field), Soldier Field-Home of Chicago Bears Transfer station for Orange and Green Lines; Metra Electric and South Shore trains at Museum Campus/11th Street station

Image gallery

• 
  The renovated station house of North/Clybourn on November 29, 2010
• 
  Inside the North/Clybourn station on November 29, 2010
• 
  The Lake street platform, May 2006
• 
  An entrance to the Chicago/State station, July 2007
• 
  The indefinitely closed Washington/State station in service from 1943 to 2006

References