Highway patrol

A highway patrol is either a police unit created primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways, or a detail within an existing local or regional police agency that is primarily concerned with such duties. They are also referred to in many countries as traffic police, although in other countries this term is more commonly used to refer to foot officers on point duty who control traffic at junctions.

Functions

Duties of highway patrols or traffic police may include the following:

Accident investigation

Gathering evidence to determine the cause of a roadway accident.

Commercial vehicle enforcement

Enforcing highway laws related to commercial transport, including weight limits and hazardous materials rules.

Education

Providing public information, handouts, and displays to encourage safe driving and usage of the roads.

Emergency response

Securing the scene of a traffic accident by using cones and flares as well as providing first aid to the injured.

Law enforcement

Assisting local police in rural areas, and keeping an eye out for non-traffic violations.

Maintenance

Observing and reporting damage to the roadways, and conducting hasty road surveys after disasters or the passage of inclement weather.

Traffic enforcement

Enforcing laws and regulations intended to improve traffic safety, such as speed limits.

Argentina

In Argentina, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Argentine National Gendarmerie.

Australia

Western Australia Police, Holden Commodore of the Highway Patrol

In Australia, traffic policing is the responsibility of the state police forces. Each force has its own traffic sections, often a local section in each area and a statewide section.

• Australian Capital Territory: Traffic Operations (territory wide)
• New South Wales Police Force: Traffic and Highway Patrol Command (statewide)
• Northern Territory Police: Highway Patrol Unit (territory wide)
• Queensland Police Service: Traffic Branch (local), State Traffic Task Force (statewide)
• South Australia Police: Traffic Services Branch (statewide)
• Tasmania Police: Traffic Division
• Victoria Police: Highway Patrol (local), State Highway Patrol (statewide)
• Western Australia Police: Highway Patrol (local), Traffic Enforcement Group (statewide)

Belgium

In Belgium, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Wegpolitie - Police de la Route (WPR) a section of the Federal Police (former Gendarmerie).

• Wiki page about the WPR (in Dutch)

Brazil

In Brazil, traffic policing is the responsibility of state and federal police forces accordingly to the highway administration status. State administered highways (usually shorter, within state borders, two-way, single lane, lower traffic) are policed by a branch of the Military Police forces, called State Highway Military Police. At the same time Federal highways and roads (longer, crossing state borders, some double lane and high-traffic) are the responsibility of the Federal Highway Police.

Canada

In Canada, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, except for the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

• Ontario Provincial Police
• Sûreté du Québec

There is also a third police force in Newfoundland known as the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary, which serves several metropolitan areas.^[1] Although this police force no longer exists as the main provincial police service, it is in competition with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the role.

Currently, the provincial sheriffs' service in Alberta maintains a highway patrol that shares traffic duties with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and historically, several provinces, e.g. New Brunswick, have had their own highway patrols. Quebec also operates the Contrôle routier Québec, who enforce traffic laws in relation heavy vehicles.

Colombia

In Colombia, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Highway Police.

Croatia

In Croatia, traffic police special department is the national motorway patrol, patrols the motorways in Croatia. Missions include the prevention and detection of driving offences. The car fleet is BMW 330d, Mercedes-Benz C 320 CDI, Skoda Superb, VW Passat, VW Tuareg, Audi A4, Honda Accord, Ford Mondeo, Opel Vectra and Porsche Carrera 997.

Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policie CR.

France

In France, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of dedicated units of the Gendarmerie Nationale, the Escadron départementaux de sécurité routière (EDSR) and the CRS autoroutières of the National Police (France).

Finland

In the Finland, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Finnish National Police.

Germany

Road sign of the 62nd US Highway Patrol in Germany (1948–1958)

In Germany, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Autobahnpolizei section of the Landespolizei.

India

In India, traffic policing on highways are carried out by state police forces.

1. Andaman and Nicobar Police
2. Andhra Pradesh Police
3. Arunachal Pradesh Police
4. Assam Police
5. Bihar Police
6. Chandigarh Police
7. Chhattisgarh Police
8. Dadra and Nagar Haveli Police
9. Daman and Diu Police
10. Goa Police
11. Gujarat Police
12. Haryana Police
13. Himachal Pradesh Police
14. Jammu and Kashmir Police
15. Jharkhand Police
16. Karnataka Police
17. Kerala Police
18. Lakshadweep Police
19. Madhya Pradesh Police
20. Maharashtra Police
21. Manipur Police
22. Meghalaya Police
23. Mizoram Police
24. Nagaland Police
25. Orissa Police
26. Pondicherry Police
27. Punjab Police
28. Rajasthan Police
29. Sikkim Police
30. Tamil Nadu Police
31. Telangana Police
32. Tripura Police
33. Uttar Pradesh Police
34. Uttarakhand Police
35. West Bengal Police

Indonesia

In Indonesia, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Indonesian National Police.

Ireland

The Garda Traffic Corps, a specialised unit of the Garda Síochána (the national police force for the Republic of Ireland) is responsible for patrolling the countries motorways and other national routes. They patrol using motorbikes, off-road/4X4s, and a mixture of marked and unmarked high-powered saloon cars.

Italy

In Italy, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Polizia Stradale section of the civilian Polizia di Stato and the military Carabinieri.

Japan

In Japan, the Traffic Bureau of the National Police Agency licenses drivers, enforces traffic safety laws, and regulates traffic. Intensive traffic safety and driver education campaigns are run at both national and prefectural levels. The bureau's Expressway Division addresses special conditions of the nation's growing system of express highways.

Mexico

In Mexico, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policía Federal.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, policing on the highways falls under the purview of the Dienst Verkeerspolitie (transportation police), which is one the Korps landelijke politiediensten (national police services, as opposed to the regional forces).

Norway

In Norway,traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of National Mobile Police Service of the Norwegian Police Service

Pakistan

In Pakistan, traffic policing on National Highways And Motorways is the responsibility of National Highways & Motorway Police.

Poland

In, Poland, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policja.

Portugal

In Portugal, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Republican National Guard.

Russia

In Russia, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the GIBDD section of the Politsiya (formerly Militsiya) and the Public Security Service of the MVD.

Spain

Renault Twizy of the Madrid Highway police

In Spain, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Civil Guard, except in the autonomous communities with transferred competences on traffic policing (Catalonia and the Basque Country), where regional police forces (Mossos d'Esquadra and Ertzaintza, respectively) are responsibly for this area. In Navarra, traffic policing is shared between the Guardia Civil and the regional police (Policía Foral de Navarra).

Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Traffic Police.

Sweden

In Sweden, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Swedish Police Authority. All Swedish police officers have the authority to stop drivers but it is only the police officers within the Swedish Traffic Police division who have the authority to clamp vehicles etc.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the National Police Agency.

Turkey

In Turkey, traffic policing and highway traffic policing are an extra unit at General Directorate of Security.Traffic Police officers in Turkey, controls seat belts, plates, driving licences and alcohols etc. Highway Traffic Police in Turkey works in Highways like the other countries. In Turkey, every police car has a tablet and a GPS device.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the road policing unit of the territorial police force.

• Police Scotland: Trunk Roads Patrol Group and Divisional Road Policing Units
• Central Motorway Police Group: Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Police, and West Midlands Police
• Devon and Cornwall Police, Road Policing Unit
• Essex Police, Road Policing Unit
• Greater Manchester Police, Road Policing Unit
• Hampshire Constabulary, Road Policing Unit
• Metropolitan Police Service, Road Policing Unit
• North West Motorway Police Group: Cheshire Constabulary, Lancashire Constabulary, and Merseyside Police
• South Wales Police, Road Policing Unit
• Surrey Police, Road Policing Unit
• Thames Valley Police, Road Policing Unit

United States

California Highway Patrol

Many state police agencies in the United States take the name of "highway patrol" rather than "state police". State police agencies may fulfill the role of highway patrol, and vice versa. For instance, the California Highway Patrol is actually a state police agency, meaning that it is a police body having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. In addition to its highway patrol duties described above, it performs functions outside the normal purview of the city police or the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific support services, and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases. The California Highway Patrol also serves as bailiffs and courtroom deputies for certain state courts, such as the appellate courts and the California Supreme Court building in San Francisco. The state traffic enforcement agency retained the name "California Highway Patrol" after the merger of the smaller California State Police with the larger—and better-known—CHP and the combination of their functions into one agency.

However, some Highway Patrol organizations, such as the North Carolina State Highway Patrol are specifically charged with the enforcement of traffic laws, and while able to enforce other laws, they are not a official "state police" agency, yet retain their statewide juristiction^[2] in the same vein as the California Highway Patrol or the New Jersey State Police. In other cases, states like Texas have a bona fide and appropriately named state police department such as the Texas Department of Public Safety, of which only one arm is a highway patrol division. In addition, the police departments of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Nassau and Suffolk counties in New York have highway patrol units. A privately compiled list of Highway Patrol organizations and similar state police agencies is available on the web.^[3] The Iowa State Patrol maintains a list of phone numbers and cell phone dialing codes for non-emergency calls to the dispatchers of the Highway Patrol organizations in all 50 states.^[4] These numbers are useful for motorists who want to report aggressive driving, driving under the influence, or other dangerous but not life-threatening situations that do not require a 9-1-1 call.

Highway patrol and state police officers are often referred to as "State Trooper". Historically, a troop was a small cavalry unit; many state police forces originated as mounted paramilitary forces who were stationed in barracks like soldiers, hence the term "trooper." A state trooper goes by the title "trooper", as in "Trooper John Smith". Some agencies, particularly on the east coast, refer to their state police offices as "barracks," although troopers generally do not reside there. Other state police forces, particularly highway patrols as in California, have always modeled themselves after police officers who simply commute to work like ordinary civilians. Like police officers, they use the title "officer." Other states use the term "Patrolmen" in reference to members of the State Police or Highway Patrol.

Many states and their Departments of Transportation have organized government-run Highway Assistance Patrols, or Highway Safety Patrols, to assist with highway emergencies as needed. While not law enforcement personnel, these persons provide free service to motorists in distress, and secure lanes of traffic, provide emergency medical assistance, request tow trucks for vehicles left in bad locations, remove debris from the roadway after a crash, and resolve minor disabled vehicle problems, such as flat tires, jumpstarts, or pushing a disabled vehicle out of travel lanes. Many of these patrols work directly with the State Police and Highway Operations departments of their state, and respond to assistance when a citizen calls 911 for minor roadside assistance duties. See Roadside assistance.

References