Sour Milk Sea

"Sour Milk Sea"

French picture sleeve
Single by Jackie Lomax
B-side "The Eagle Laughs at You"
Released 26 August 1968
Format 7-inch vinyl
Recorded 24–26 June 1968
EMI Studios, London; Trident Studios, London
Genre Hard rock, psychedelic rock
Length 3:54
Label Apple
Writer(s) George Harrison
Producer(s) George Harrison
Jackie Lomax singles chronology
"Genuine Imitation Life"
(1967)		 "Sour Milk Sea"
(1968)		 "New Day"
(1969)

"Sour Milk Sea" is a song by the English rock singer Jackie Lomax that was released as his debut single on the Beatles' Apple record label in August 1968. It was written by George Harrison during the Beatles' stay in Rishikesh, India, and given to Lomax to help launch Apple Records. The song's recording was the first of many extracurricular musical projects undertaken by Harrison, who produced the track, and a rarity among non-Beatles songs since it features contributions from three members of the band. Along with Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney, the musicians on the track were Eric Clapton and session pianist Nicky Hopkins.

Harrison wrote "Sour Milk Sea" to promote Transcendental Meditation, which the Beatles had been studying in Rishikesh with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The group recorded a demo of the song while considering material for their 1968 double album, The Beatles. On release, Lomax's single was overshadowed in Apple's "Our First Four" promotional campaign by the Beatles' "Hey Jude" and Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days"; it enjoyed only minor success internationally, becoming a top 30 hit in Canada. Together with its B-side, the Lomax-written "The Eagle Laughs at You", the song was included on the singer's only Apple album, Is This What You Want?, released in March 1969.

"Sour Milk Sea" has received praise from many music critics. Writing for Mojo shortly after Lomax's death in 2013, Danny Eccleston described it as "a brilliantly excitable recording", although he attributed the single's lack of commercial success to an "accusatory tone" in Harrison's lyrics.[1] The track also appears on the 2010 multi-artist compilation Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records.

Background and inspiration

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, whose teachings inspired the song "Sour Milk Sea"

"Sour Milk Sea" was one of several songs that George Harrison wrote while staying at Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram in Rishikesh, India, from February to April 1968.[2][3] Having first visited India in September 1966, following the Beatles' final concert tour,[4] Harrison became enamoured with the teachings of the Maharishi[5][6] and led his Beatles bandmates to Rishikesh to study Transcendental Meditation two years later.[7][8] With Life magazine labelling 1968 "the Year of the Guru",[9] the Beatles' visit generated wide interest in Transcendental Meditation, and Eastern spirituality generally, among Western youth.[10][11] Author Simon Leng writes that with "Sour Milk Sea", Harrison adopted "the role of advertising executive" to further promote meditation.[12] Leng views it as a follow-up to "Within You Without You", in which Harrison had first channelled the teachings of the Hindu Vedas into a song.[13]

In his autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Harrison says that "Sour Milk Sea" espouses meditation as a means to improve the quality of one's life, as well as advocating a proactive approach when faced with difficulty. He says he named the composition after a picture titled Kalladadi Samudra, which reflects the theme of Vishvasara Tantra in sacred Hindu texts, particularly regarding "the geological theory of the evolution of organic life on earth".[2] Singer Jackie Lomax, whose debut solo album Harrison had agreed to produce before the Beatles departed for India,[14] said that the Sour Milk Sea symbolises "a fallow period" during each of the Earth's 26,000-year evolutionary cycles, before the planet begins its process of regeneration.[15]

Composition

As with the other songs he wrote in Rishikesh, "Sour Milk Sea" marked the start of Harrison's return to the guitar as his main instrument,[16] coinciding with a gradual relinquishing of his attempts to master the Indian sitar.[17] Referring to the compositional draft for "Sour Milk Sea", musicologist Walter Everett states that together the various chords suggest "a pentatonic minor scale on A, allowing B♭ as a tritone-related ornament to E7".[18] The song makes limited use of the expected A major chord, however, instead centring on E over the verses and D in the choruses, with the latter representing what Everett terms "the Mixolydian ♭VII area".[18] Described by author and critic Richie Unterberger as a melody filled with "tense chord ascensions",[19] the composition shares its melodic characteristics with "Savoy Truffle", another Harrison song from 1968.[20]

I used "Sour Milk Sea" as the idea of – if you're in the shit, don't go around moaning about it; do something about it:

Looking for release from limitation?
There's nothing much without illumination …
Get out of Sour Milk Sea
You don't belong there …[1]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference IMM_p_142 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

– George Harrison, 1979

In the lyrics to the verses, Harrison focuses on the benefits of Transcendental Meditation rather than detailing the way to achieve these results.[21] While Leng likens Harrison's approach to that of an advertiser selling anti-dandruff shampoo,[12] author Joshua Greene describes the lyrical thrust of the song as: "Is life getting you down? Not getting the breaks you want? Try illumination."[22] Harrison proffers greater awareness and a release from earthly limitations as the other benefits brought about by the meditation experience.[23]

According to theologian Dale Allison, through its promise of a quick solution, the song pre-empts the concept espoused by John Lennon two years later in "Instant Karma!"[23] Harrison urges the listener to follow a "very simple process" and to "do it soon",[24] in order to leave the Sour Milk Sea state of mind and "Get back to where you should be".[25] Author Ian Inglis views the chorus lyrics as particularly forthright; he paraphrases the message as "admit your shortcomings, pull yourself together, look for a solution".[24]

Although it originated as an acoustic guitar song, the official recording of "Sour Milk Sea" is in the heavy rock style typical of the late 1960s.[26] Greene comments on the appropriateness of this "hard-driving, blues guitar medium" as a way for Harrison to directly convey "a simple rule of thumb" regarding the human condition.[22]

The Beatles' demo

The Beatles recorded a demo of "Sour Milk Sea" at Harrison's Esher home, Kinfauns, in May 1968,[27][28] while preparing material for their self-titled double album, also known as "the White Album".[29] The demo was taped on Harrison's Ampex four-track recorder.[30][31] The performance features Harrison singing falsetto throughout,[32] and a musical backing that includes guitars and percussion.[33] Although the subsequent album sessions were marked by disharmony and a lack of cooperation among the band members,[34] author and critic Kenneth Womack notes that the Kinfauns demos "witness the Beatles working in unison and exalting in the pure joy of their music".[31] Leng similarly describes the group's performance of "Sour Milk Sea" as an "exciting" version "[p]layed with real enthusiasm".[12] The recording has appeared on bootleg albums,[35] including Acoustic Masterpieces (The Esher Demos).[36]

As with several of the songs previewed at Kinfauns, the Beatles did not revisit "Sour Milk Sea" during the White Album sessions.[19][37] Harrison decided to give the song to former Undertakers singer Jackie Lomax[38] – a fellow Liverpudlian and one of the first artists signed to the Beatles' record label, Apple Records, in early 1968.[39] In a 2004 interview, Lomax said that he was fortunate to have Harrison's help, adding: "even on a big project like The White Album he only had four songs. I think he was feeling held back [in the Beatles]."[40][nb 1]

Recording

With Harrison as his producer, Lomax recorded "Sour Milk Sea" for release as a single.[44] The sessions for the song began at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London on 24 June 1968,[44][45] before moving to Trident Studios,[46] to use that facility's superior, eight-track recording equipment.[47] Speaking to Melody Maker in September that year, Harrison described the recording as a "glorified jam session".[48] The line-up consisted of Lomax on vocals, Harrison and Eric Clapton on guitars, Nicky Hopkins on piano, Paul McCartney on bass, and Ringo Starr on drums.[49] McCartney was absent from the initial session, however,[44] only returning on 25 June[45] from an Apple-related business trip to California.[50][51] While Apple projects typically featured one member of the Beatles, "Sour Milk Sea" is the only track where more than two members of the band appeared on another artist's recording.[52][nb 2]

With Eric Clapton playing on it, it was on fire. When the backing tape was played back, I thought it worked as an instrumental. "You want me to sing on top of that?!"[15]

– Jackie Lomax, 2010

Clapton's electric guitar playing gave the song a riff-based quality that was absent from the Beatles' version.[26] Lomax later said that he thought the track "worked as an instrumental", and he recalled his nervousness when it came to overdubbing the vocal part, with "three Beatles in the control room watching me".[15] In addition to supplying acoustic rhythm guitar on the song,[24] Harrison played an electric guitar solo, which appears shortly after the two-minute mark on the recording,[54] following Clapton's lead guitar break.[26][47] Hammond organ was also added over this instrumental passage,[44] although the part is uncredited.[55] Recording was completed on 26 June.[56] Like Clapton and Hopkins,[19] Lomax went on to contribute to the sessions for The Beatles,[57] singing backing vocals on "Dear Prudence".[58][59][nb 3]

Eric Clapton (right, pictured with his band Cream) played lead guitar on the track, initiating a guitar combination with Harrison that continued long after the Beatles' break-up in 1970.

Leng identifies "Sour Milk Sea" as marking three important "firsts" in Harrison's career. It was the first song Harrison "gave away" to another artist, a sign that his output as a songwriter had outgrown the quota of tracks typically allocated to him on Beatles releases.[26] The Lomax album project also marked the first time that Harrison served as producer for another artist,[45][62] after he had produced sessions in London and Bombay for his own debut solo album, Wonderwall Music.[63][nb 4] In addition, although Clapton had contributed to Wonderwall Music earlier in the year,[68] "Sour Milk Sea" is the first example of him and Harrison sharing the lead guitarist's role on a recording.[69] Later in 1968, the pair co-wrote Cream's final hit single, "Badge",[70] while their guitar combination would be a feature through much of Harrison's solo career,[71] as well as on Derek and the Dominos' first single, "Tell the Truth".[72]

"The Eagle Laughs at You"

For the single's B-side, Lomax recorded his composition "The Eagle Laughs at You".[73] Produced by Harrison, the song was also recorded between 24 and 26 June.[56] According to Apple Records historian Andy Davis, the musicians on the track comprised an "ad hoc power trio" of Lomax on bass and rhythm guitar, Harrison on lead guitar and "a couple of overdubs", and drummer Tony Newman from Sounds Incorporated.[74] Lomax recalled that he and Harrison overdubbed a cornet part (played by a studio cleaner) and then manipulated the recording to make it sound like the call of an elephant.[15]

Release

The "Sour Milk Sea" single was issued on 26 August 1968 in America (as Apple 1802)[75] and 6 September in Britain (as Apple 3).[56] Along with "Hey Jude" by the Beatles, Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days" and the Black Dyke Mills Band's "Thingumybob", it was one of Apple's "Our First Four" singles,[76] marking the official launch of the label.[77][78] The four releases took place on the same day in the United States but were spread out over two weeks in the UK.[79] Apple staged a lavish promotional campaign for the launch, led by Derek Taylor, whom Harrison had invited to help run the Beatles' new enterprise.[80] In advance of the release date, the company declared 11–18 August to be "National Apple Week"[78][81] and sent gift-wrapped boxes of the four records to Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family, and to the British prime minister.[82]

Although Lomax's single received considerable promotion,[24] it was a surprising commercial failure.[83][84] "Sour Milk Sea" did not chart in Britain.[19][44] In America, the song reached number 117 during a two-week run on the Bubbling Under listings of Billboard's Hot 100 chart, and "The Eagle Laughs at You" placed at number 125.[85] "Sour Milk Sea" was a hit in Canada, however, peaking at number 29 on the RPM 100 in November 1968.[86][nb 5] In a 1974 feature on his career in ZigZag magazine, Lomax said that the song's release in tandem with "obvious" hits like "Hey Jude" and "Those Were the Days" jinxed its commercial performance, since radio stations were reluctant to risk alienating other record labels by featuring all four Apple singles too heavily on their playlists. Lomax added: "So they kind of lost me in the shuffle."[88]

Both sides of the single were included on Lomax's only album for Apple, Is This What You Want?,[44] released in March 1969.[89] The album similarly failed to achieve commercial success,[90] a result that perplexed the Beatles, who continued to believe in Lomax's talents.[91][92] Due to the song's strong association with the Beatles and Eric Clapton, "Sour Milk Sea" retained a degree of renown among rock music fans;[88] Danny Eccleston of Mojo magazine later described it as a "cult rendering".[1] In 1970, Sour Milk Sea, one of singer Freddie Mercury's pre-Queen bands,[93] was named after the track.[94] In June the following year, Apple re-released "Sour Milk Sea" with "Fall Inside Your Eyes" on the B-side,[95] but this single also failed to chart.[73]

In 2010, Apple reissued Is This What You Want? as both an individual release and as part of the seventeen-disc box set titled The Apple Box.[96] "Sour Milk Sea" also appeared on the accompanying two-CD compilation, Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records.[97] In conjunction with these releases, a mono mix of the song was made available for digital download.[96]

Critical reception and legacy

On release in 1968, the single received favourable reviews from music critics.[90] Writing for Rolling Stone in 1971, Ben Edmonds described "Sour Milk Sea" as "excellent" but suggested that Lomax "seemed to get lost among the superstars" accompanying him.[98] Three years later, Andy Childs of ZigZag admired it as "a classic single – a really dynamic rock song with Lomax in great voice".[88]

Although Jackie Lomax had a full and interesting musical career, he was one of Liverpool's unluckiest musicians … his album for the Beatles' Apple label, Is This What You Want (1969), produced by George Harrison, should have been a best-seller. Most music fans of the era cite "Sour Milk Sea" (1968) as a Top 10 single that never was, so why didn't they buy it?[39]

– Spencer Leigh, 2013

Among Beatles biographers, Bruce Spizer attributes the commercial failure of Lomax's "great rock single" to the simultaneous release of "Hey Jude" and "Those Were the Days",[73] while John Winn describes it as an "excellent debut" and "an inexplicable flop".[99] Simon Leng opines that the song "just wasn't catchy enough" in Lomax's reading and views the Beatles' "garage rendition" as superior.[100] Although he finds the musical arrangement and Lomax's singing slightly incongruous beside Harrison's philosophical lyrics, Ian Inglis recognises the track as "an early prototype of heavy metal, particularly in the interplay between drums and lead guitar and its relentless sequence of musical climaxes".[24]

Writing in Goldmine magazine in 2002, Dave Thompson included "Sour Milk Sea" and "Badge" in his list of the Harrison-written songs that "rank among the finest Beatles compositions of the group's final years", and he concluded: "the only regret is that neither of the latter two ever made it into a Beatles recording session."[101] In his book on the making of the White Album, Uncut critic David Quantick describes the song as "excellent" and rues how, together with Harrison's "Not Guilty", it was passed over in favour of "old toot such as 'Rocky Raccoon' and 'Bungalow Bill'".[102] Less impressed with the track, Richie Unterberger finds the lyrics "a blend of encouragement and mild scolding", while rating it "a serviceable hard-rock number with a bluesy boogie feel" next to the "considerably superior" "Savoy Truffle".[19] In his online article for Mojo published shortly after Lomax's death in September 2013, Danny Eccleston described "Sour Milk Sea" as "a brilliantly excitable recording", although he attributed the song's lack of success to an "accusatory tone" in Harrison's lyrics.[1]

In his preview of Apple's 2010 reissues, for Rolling Stone, David Fricke listed Is This What You Want? third among the label's top five non-Beatle album releases and praised "Sour Milk Sea" as, variously, a "get-off-your-ass rocker" and "dynamite".[103] Chicago Tribune critic Greg Kot considered it to be "a knockout version".[104] Among reviews of the Come and Get It compilation, Douglas Wolk of Pitchfork Media opined that "Sour Milk Sea" "would've been one of the best songs on [the White Album] if George had kept it for himself",[105] while Uncut's David Cavanagh described the track as "sensational".[106] AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls the song "a dense, brilliant, and soulful psychedelic rocker".[97] In his liner notes to the compilation, Andy Davis, formerly the editor of Record Collector magazine, highlights "Sour Milk Sea" as "the greatest record The Beatles never made".[107]

Personnel

According to John Winn:[44]

Notes

  1. ↑ After his stay in Rishikesh, Harrison's output as a writer had become prolific,[22][41] yet the extent of his contributions to the Beatles' releases continued to be limited by the band's primary songwriters, Lennon and Paul McCartney.[42][43]
  2. ↑ On another occasion, in October 1969, Harrison, Starr and Lennon were all present at Leon Russell's session for "Pisces Apple Lady" at London's Olympic Studios, but Lennon observed rather than participated.[53]
  3. ↑ Lomax was also among the chorus singers on the long coda of "Hey Jude",[40] which the Beatles recorded at Trident during sessions for the same album.[60][61]
  4. ↑ After completing Lomax's album, Harrison went on to produce Apple signings Billy Preston, Brute Force,[64][65] Radha Krishna Temple (London), Doris Troy, Ronnie Spector, Badfinger, Ravi Shankar and Lon & Derrek Van Eaton.[66][67]
  5. ↑ By comparison, "Hey Jude" became the Beatles' best-selling single and "Those Were the Days" also topped charts around the world.[78] "Thingumybob", a brass-band instrumental, "baffled radio programmers", according to author Bruce Spizer, and failed to meet with any commercial success.[87]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Danny Eccleston, "Jackie Lomax – How The Web Was Woven", mojo4music, 18 September 2013 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  2. 1 2 Harrison, p. 142.
  3. ↑ Greene, pp. 98–99.
  4. ↑ Clayson, pp. 206–07.
  5. ↑ Nick Jones, "Beatle George And Where He's At", Melody Maker, 16 December 1967; available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  6. ↑ Will Hermes, "George Harrison 1943–2001", Spin, February 2002, p. 22 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  7. ↑ The Editors of Rolling Stone, p. 139.
  8. ↑ Steve Rabey, "George Harrison, 'Living In The Material World'", The Huffington Post, 9 October 2011 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  9. ↑ Greene, p. 98.
  10. ↑ Lavezzoli, pp. 6, 180.
  11. ↑ Goldberg, pp. 7, 8.
  12. 1 2 3 Leng, p. 57.
  13. ↑ Leng, pp. 31, 57.
  14. ↑ Clayson, pp. 239–40.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Is This What You Want?", Apple Records (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  16. ↑ Leng, p. 34.
  17. ↑ Lavezzoli, pp. 184–85.
  18. 1 2 Everett, p. 200.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Unterberger, p. 349.
  20. ↑ Ingham, p. 309.
  21. ↑ Allison, pp. 45, 155.
  22. 1 2 3 Greene, p. 99.
  23. 1 2 Allison, p. 45.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Inglis, p. 18.
  25. ↑ Harrison, pp. 141, 142.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Leng, p. 56.
  27. ↑ Miles, p. 299.
  28. ↑ Womack, pp. 264, 857.
  29. ↑ MacDonald, p. 244.
  30. ↑ Unterberger, p. 197.
  31. 1 2 Womack, p. 264.
  32. ↑ Unterberger, p. 196.
  33. ↑ Winn, p. 170.
  34. ↑ MacDonald, p. 267.
  35. ↑ Richie Unterberger, "Jackie Lomax Is This What You Want?", AllMusic (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  36. ↑ Michael Gallucci, "Top 10 Beatles Bootleg Albums", Ultimate Classic Rock, February 2013 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  37. ↑ Quantick, pp. 23, 110–11.
  38. ↑ Leng, p. 55.
  39. 1 2 Spencer Leigh, "Jackie Lomax: Singer and songwriter who became one of the first signings to Apple", The Independent, 18 September 2013 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  40. 1 2 Terry Staunton, "Jackie Lomax: Is This What You Want?", Record Collector, July 2004; available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  41. ↑ Everett, p. 199.
  42. ↑ Ingham, pp. 154–55.
  43. ↑ The Editors of Rolling Stone, p. 38.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Winn, p. 182.
  45. 1 2 3 Miles, p. 302.
  46. ↑ Lewisohn, p. 139.
  47. 1 2 Shea & Rodriguez, p. 256.
  48. ↑ Clayson, pp. 239, 477.
  49. ↑ Everett, pp. 199–200.
  50. ↑ Doggett, p. 47.
  51. ↑ "Timeline: June 20–July 16, 1968", in Mojo Special Limited Edition, p. 35.
  52. ↑ Spizer, pp. 338–44.
  53. ↑ O'Dell, pp. 106–07.
  54. ↑ Damian Fanelli, "Take a Dip in the 'Sour Milk Sea,' a 1968 Track Featuring Three Beatles and Eric Clapton", guitarworld.com, 10 May 2014 (retrieved 2 June 2016).
  55. ↑ Castleman & Podrazik, p. 206.
  56. 1 2 3 Castleman & Podrazik, p. 68.
  57. ↑ Clayson, pp. 251–52.
  58. ↑ MacDonald, p. 272.
  59. ↑ Quantick, p. 76.
  60. ↑ Miles, pp. 304–05.
  61. ↑ Chris Hunt, "Here Comes the Son", in Mojo Special Limited Edition, p. 39.
  62. ↑ Leng, pp. 55–56.
  63. ↑ Ingham, p. 154.
  64. ↑ Clayson, p. 244.
  65. ↑ Everett, p. 242.
  66. ↑ Spizer, pp. 338, 340–42, 344.
  67. ↑ The Editors of Rolling Stone, p. 192.
  68. ↑ Lavezzoli, p. 182.
  69. ↑ Leng, pp. 49, 56.
  70. ↑ Ingham, pp. 305–06.
  71. ↑ Inglis, pp. 134–35.
  72. ↑ Leng, p. 101.
  73. 1 2 3 Spizer, p. 341.
  74. ↑ Liner notes by Andy Davis, Is This What You Want? CD booklet (Apple/EMI, 2010; produced by George Harrison, Jackie Lomax, Mal Evans & Paul McCartney).
  75. ↑ Miles, p. 307.
  76. ↑ Schaffner, pp. 110, 111.
  77. ↑ Doggett, p. 49.
  78. 1 2 3 Miles, p. 306.
  79. ↑ Castleman & Podrazik, pp. 67–68.
  80. ↑ Doggett, pp. 31, 49.
  81. ↑ Johnny Black, "A Slice of History", in Mojo Special Limited Edition, p. 90.
  82. ↑ Schaffner, p. 111.
  83. ↑ Allison, p. 155.
  84. ↑ David Colker, "Jackie Lomax dies at 69; signed by Beatles label but never hit it big", Los Angeles Times, 16 September 2013 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  85. ↑ Castleman & Podrazik, p. 350.
  86. ↑ "RPM 100 Singles Chart, 11 November 1968", Library and Archives Canada (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  87. ↑ Spizer, p. 342.
  88. 1 2 3 Andy Childs, "The History of Jackie Lomax", ZigZag, July 1974; available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  89. ↑ Castleman & Podrazik, pp. 75, 77.
  90. 1 2 Bruce Eder, "Jackie Lomax", AllMusic (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  91. ↑ "Jackie Lomax", The Daily Telegraph, 17 September 2013 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  92. ↑ Shea & Rodriguez, p. 260.
  93. ↑ Greg Prato, "Freddie Mercury", AllMusic (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  94. ↑ Jones, p. 75.
  95. ↑ Castleman & Podrazik, p. 102.
  96. 1 2 Joe Marchese, "Review: The Apple Records Remasters, Part 4 – Harrison's Soulful Trio", The Second Disc, 18 November 2010 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  97. 1 2 Stephen Thomas Erlewine, "Various Artists Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records", AllMusic (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  98. ↑ Ben Edmonds, "Jackie Lomax: Home Is In My Head", Rolling Stone, 24 June 1971; available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  99. ↑ Winn, p. 267.
  100. ↑ Leng, pp. 56, 57.
  101. ↑ Dave Thompson, "The Music of George Harrison: An album-by-album guide", Goldmine, 25 January 2002, p. 15.
  102. ↑ Quantick, p. 111.
  103. ↑ David Fricke, "Apple Records' Top Five Albums", rollingstone.com, 10 July 2010 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  104. ↑ Greg Kot, "Top Box Sets 2010: From Bowie to Beatles' Apple reissues", PopMatters, 3 December 2010 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  105. ↑ Douglas Wolk, "Various Artists Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records", Pitchfork Media, 23 November 2010 (retrieved 29 May 2016).
  106. ↑ David Cavanagh, "The Apple Remasters", Uncut, November 2010, p. 112.
  107. ↑ Liner notes by Andy Davis, Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records CD booklet (Apple/EMI, 2010; compilation produced by Andy Davis & Mike Heatley).

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  • Kenneth Womack, The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four, ABC-CLIO (Santa Barbara, CA, 2014; ISBN 978-0-313-39171-2).
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