Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet

Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet
Sir Samuel Hood K.B.K.S.F. Engraved by Ridley, Holl & Blood from an Original Miniature in the possession of Lady Hood. European Magazine
Born	1762 (1762)
Died	24 December 1814 (1814-12-25) Madras, India
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1776 - 1814
Rank	Vice-Admiral
Commands held	HMS Juno HMS Aigle HMS Zealous HMS Venerable East Indies Station Leeward Islands Station
Battles/wars	First Battle of Ushant, 1778 Battle of the Saintes, 1782 Battle of the Nile, 1798
Awards	Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Knight of the Order of the Bath
Relations	Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood

Memorial Sir. Samuel Hood, St. Mary's Church, Madras

Admiral Hood Monument

Vice-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet KB RN (1762 – 24 December 1814) was an officer of the Royal Navy and the cousin once removed of the more famous Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood and his younger brother Alexander Hood who sponsored Arthur (lost in a hurricane) Sir Samuel Hood and his younger brother Alexander into the Royal Navy.^[1]

Naval career

He was the son of Alexander Hood (son of Alexander Hood and Elizabeth, née Beach), and Ann, née Way, He entered the Royal Navy in 1776 at the start of the American Revolutionary War.^[2] His first engagement was the First Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778, and, soon afterwards transferred to the West Indies, he was present, under the command of his cousin, at all the actions which culminated in Admiral George Rodney's victory of 12 April 1782 in the Battle of the Saintes.

After the peace, like many other British naval officers, Hood spent some time in France, and on his return to England was given the command of a sloop, from which he proceeded in succession to various frigates. In the 32-gun fifth-rate frigate Juno his gallant rescue of some shipwrecked seamen won him a vote of thanks and a sword of honour from the Jamaica assembly.^[2]

French Revolutionary Wars

Early in 1793, after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, Hood went to the Mediterranean in Juno under his cousin Lord Hood, and distinguished himself by an audacious feat of coolness and seamanship in extricating his vessel from the harbour of Toulon, which he had entered in ignorance of Lord Hood's withdrawal. In 1795, in Aigle, he was put in command of a squadron for the protection of Levantine commerce, and in early 1797 he was given command of the 74-gun ship of the line Zealous, in which he was present at Admiral Horatio Nelson's unsuccessful attack on Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Captain Hood conducted the negotiations which relieved the squadron from the consequences of its failure.^[2]

Napoleonic Wars

Zealous played an important part at the Battle of the Nile. Her first opponent was put out of action in twelve minutes. Hood immediately engaged other ships, the Guerriere being left powerless to fire a shot.

When Nelson left the coast of Egypt, Hood commanded the blockading force off Alexandria and Rosetta. Later he rejoined Nelson on the coast of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, receiving for his services the order of St Ferdinand.^[2]

In the 74-gun third-rate Venerable Hood was present at the Battle of Algeciras on 8 July 1801 and the action in the Straits of Gibraltar that followed. In the Straits his ship suffered heavily, losing 130 officers and men.

In 1802, Hood was employed in Trinidad as a commissioner, and, upon the death of the flag officer commanding the Leeward Islands Station, he succeeded him as Commodore.^[3] Island after island fell to him, and soon, outside Martinique, the French had scarcely a foothold in the West Indies. Amongst other measures Hood took one may mention the garrisoning of Diamond Rock, which he commissioned as a sloop-of-war to blockade the approaches of Martinique. For these successes he was, amongst other rewards, appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath (KB).^[2]

In command next of the squadron blockading Rochefort, Sir Samuel Hood lost an arm during the Action of 25 September 1806 against a French frigate squadron. Promoted to Rear Admiral a few days after this action, Hood was in 1807 entrusted with the operations against Madeira, which he brought to a successful conclusion.^[2]

In 1808 Hood sailed to the Baltic Sea, with his flag in the 74-gun Centaur, to take part in the Russo-Swedish war. In one of the actions of this war Centaur and Implacable, while unsupported by the Swedish ships (which lay to leeward), cut out the Russian 50-gun ship Sevolod from the enemy's line and, after a desperate fight, forced her to strike. King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden rewarded Admiral Hood with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword.^[2]

Late career

Present in the roads of A Coruña at the re-embarkation of the army of Sir John Moore after the Battle of A Coruña, Hood thence returned to the Mediterranean, where for two years he commanded a division of the British fleet. In 1811 he became Vice Admiral.^[2]

In his last command, that of the East Indies Station, he carried out many salutary reforms, especially in matters of discipline and victualling.^[2] He died without issue at Madras in 1814, having married Mary Elizabeth Frederica Mackenzie, eldest daughter and heiress of Francis Mackenzie, 1st Baron Seaforth.

A lofty column, the Admiral Hood Monument was raised to his memory on a hill near Butleigh, Somersetshire. There is another memorial in Butleigh Church with an inscription written by Robert Southey. The Hoods Tower Museum in Trincomalee gains it name form the fire control tower named after him at Fort Ostenburg.

See also

• His brother, Alexander Hood, was a captain in the Royal Navy.

References

• James, William; Chamier, Frederick (1837). The Naval History of Great Britain 1793 - 1827. London: Richard Bentley. 
• Hall, Basil (1862). The Lieutenant and Commander. London: Bell and Daldy. 
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hood, Sir Samuel". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Parliamentary biography