Charles Adam

Sir Charles Adam
Admiral Sir Charles Adam
Born	(1780-10-06)6 October 1780
Died	19 September 1853(1853-09-19) (aged 72) Greenwich, London
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1790–1847
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	Sybille Chiffonne Resistance Invincible Impregnable Royal Sovereign North America and West Indies Station Greenwich Hospital
Battles/wars	Napoleonic Wars
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Admiral Sir Charles Adam, FRSE KCB (6 October 1780 – 19 September 1853) was a British naval officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars. He later commanded the royal yacht, Royal Sovereign, and was the Member of Parliament for Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire. He held the office of First Naval Lord three times. In that capacity he dealt ably with the economies of a peacetime budget, provided naval support for the expulsion of Muhammad Ali's forces from Syria in 1840 and ensured technological progress continued. He was also the father of William Patrick Adam, a colonial administrator and Liberal politician.

Naval career

The frigate Sybille which Adam commanded

Born the second son of William Adam (of Blair Adam) and Eleanora Adam (the daughter of Charles Elphinstone, 10th Lord Elphinstone), Adam joined the Royal Navy in 1790.^[1] He served under his uncle, Admiral Lord Keith, in the Mediterranean Fleet and during the capture of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch.^[1] He was made acting lieutenant by Keith in the third-rate HMS Victorious on the East Indies Station in 1795.^[1] Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant on 8 February 1798, to commander on 16 May 1798 and to captain on 12 June 1799, Adam was given command of the frigate Sybille.^[2] While commanding Sybille, he captured the French Chiffonne under difficult circumstances at Mahé in the Seychelles.^[1]

Adam returned from the East Indies in 1802, and on 23 May 1803, was given command of the captured Chiffonne, which operated in the North Sea under Lord Keith until 1805. He commanded the fifth-rate Resistance from 27 August 1805 until 6 April 1810, and from 1811 until 1813, operated off the coast of Spain in command of the third-rate Invincible. He briefly commanded the second-rate Impregnable from 16 May 1814 to 29 June 1814, ending his active service.^[2]

Administrative career

HMS Illustrious, Adam's flagship as commander-in-chief of the North America and West Indies Station

After the war, Adam twice commanded the royal yacht, Royal Sovereign, from 15 December 1814 until 7 February 1816 as acting captain and from 20 July 1821 to 25 May 1825 as captain.^[2] This appointment reflected the political influence of his father. During this period, in 1822, he married Elizabeth Brydone, by whom he had several children, including William Patrick Adam.^[1] In 1824 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.^[3]

Adam was promoted rear admiral on 27 May 1825.^[4] In the 1831 General election he was elected Member of Parliament for the alternating constituency of Kinross-shire^[5] which had previously been held by several members of his family. After the 1832 Reform Act he was elected for the combined Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire, which he held until 1841.^[2] He briefly served as First Naval Lord in the Wellington caretaker ministry from 1 November 1834 to 23 December 1834.^[6] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 10 January 1835^[7] and was again appointed First Naval Lord, this time in the Second Melbourne ministry, on 25 April 1835.^[6] He also became Lord Lieutenant and Sheriff Principal of Kinross on 1 April 1839.^[8]

Adam was a friend of Lord Auckland and brother-in-law to Lord Minto, both of whom served as First Lord of the Admiralty during his time in office, fostering a close working relationship. He was also on good terms with Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Secretary.^[1]

During his tenure, the Admiralty Board dealt ably with the economies of a peacetime budget, which his Whig loyalties prevented him from questioning. The one major naval campaign of the era was the expulsion of Muhammad Ali's forces from Syria in 1840, an able demonstration of the continued strength of the Royal Navy. During this time, technological progress continued at the Admiralty, with the decision to adapt Francis Pettit Smith's screw propeller, and the new battleship designs of Sir William Symonds in 1841.^[1] During his tenure on the Board, Adam was promoted to vice admiral on 10 January 1837.^[9]

After leaving the Board, Adam resumed a naval command. From 17 August 1841 until 27 December 1844, he was commander-in-chief of the North America and West Indies Station, aboard HMS Illustrious (flag-captain John Erskine).^[2] On 24 July 1846, soon after the reappointment of Lord Auckland as First Lord of the Admiralty, he became First Naval Lord (in the First Russell ministry) for the third and last time.^[6] He retired the next year, on 20 July 1847, to become Governor of Greenwich Hospital,^[10] and was promoted admiral on 8 January 1848.^[11]

The Officers Monument, Greenwich Hospital Cemetery

Adam died at Greenwich on 16 September 1853.^[2] He was buried in Greenwich Hospital Cemetery. The cemetery was largely cleared in the late 19th century to create a pocket park but his name is listed on the west face of the Officers Monument in the centre of the park.^[12]

The University College London, Legacies of British Slave-ownership and two projects based at UCL tracing the impact of slave-ownership on the formation of modern Britain^[13] (the ESRC-funded Legacies of British Slave-ownership project, now complete, and the ESRC and AHRC-funded Structure and significance of British Caribbean slave-ownership 1763-1833, running from 2013-2015), highlight that Adam benefited from the compensation paid out following the abolition of slavery in 1833. According to the record, he benefited from a payment of £14,904,0s,5d, an approximate £1,263,000 in 2015, made by the government of United Kingdom and Great Britain as recorded by the Slave Compensation Commission and the records held at the National Archives in London^[14][15] and the National Archive and the records of the Slave Compensation Commission.^[16]

References

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Charles Adam
• William Loney RN Career History
• O'Byrne, William Richard (1849). " Adam, Charles".  A Naval Biographical Dictionary. John Murray. Wikisource. 

First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy
First Naval Lords (1828–1904)	Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr
First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones