Simon Hollósy

The native form of this personal name is Hollósy Simon. This article uses the Western name order.
Self-portrait (1916)

Simon Hollósy; (2 February 1857, Máramarossziget, now Sighetu Marmaţiei – 8 May 1918, Técső, now Tiachiv, now Ukraine) was a Hungarian painter. He was considered one of the greatest Hungarian representatives of 19th-century Naturalism and Realism.

Hollósy was not highly productive as an artist and was more important as an influential teacher, who influenced the painters of the Nagybanya artists' colony. Together, they were significant in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Hungarian art. In 1966 the Hungarian National Gallery had a major exhibition of the colony's work: The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya.[1]

Early life and education

Simon Hollósy was born in 1857 in Máramarossziget, Hungary (present-day Sighetu Marmaţiei, Romania). His parents were Armenians who had migrated to the area. He early expressed a talent and interest in art.

As a young man, he went to Munich to study, as did many artists from Hungary because there was no academy of fine arts there. Hollósy criticized the training at the Munich Academy, which was strongly based on copying classical models. He founded a private school where he gave free classes, attracting young talents who were interested in realistic portrayal. He opened the way to new styles by relying on his personality and by pointing out the merits of French painters, such as Gustave Courbet, who exhibited in the city. He abandoned the academic style in order to follow new trends in French painting, including Impressionism. He also "admired Jules Breton, Jules Bastien-Lepage and read Zola, Murger, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky."[2]

He was more important as a teacher than a painter. His large-scale plan of Rákóczi March, never progressed much beyond sketches, as he kept changing his mind. His landscapes painted in Técső include Landscape in Técső, Landscape with Stacks and Sunset with Stacks, in which he applied elements of en plein air and Impressionism. His self-portrait (1916), held by the Hungarian National Gallery, is considered one of his most harrowing pictures.

Encouraged by István Réti and János Thorma, his pupils and friends, Hollósy spent the summer of 1896 in Nagybánya (present-day Baia Mare, Romania) with his school. That is considered the founding of the Nagybánya artists' colony, of which the painter Károly Ferenczy was another important early member. The more rural location provided many chances for painting outdoors. These artists and their followers played an important role in introducing impressionism and post-impressionism to Hungarian painting.

Hollósy soon settled down in Nagybánya. With its naturalistic style and emphasis on plein air techniques, his school determined much of Hungarian painting for decades.

Hollósy left the Nagybánya colony in 1901. The following year, he began to spend the summers in Técső with those students who followed him. (It is now known as Tiachiv, Ukraine.) During the winters, Hollósy returned to Munich to run his school there.

Legacy and honours

Exhibits

See also

Selected paintings

References

  1. 1 2 Valerie Majoros, "Lajos Tihanyi and his friends in the Paris of the nineteen-thirties", French Cultural Studies, 2000, Vol. 11:387, Footnote, p. 388, Sage Publications, accessed 30 January 2013
  2. ↑ Julia Szabo, "European Art Centers and Hungarian Art (1890-1919)", Hungarian Studies, 1994, Vol.19, No.1-2, p.42, accessed 2 February 2013
  3. ↑ Standing in the Storm: The Hungarian Avant-Garde from 1908-1930, Hungarian Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1-2, 1994, accessed 2 February 2013
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