Sigaus
| Sigaus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Genus: | Sigaus Hutton, 1897[1] |
| Species | |
|
Sigaus australis | |
The genus Sigaus is endemic to New Zealand and with all but one species endemic to the South Island. Sigaus piliferus is currently the only representative of the endemic grasshopper genera found in the North Island. There are eight species with this genus.
The genus Sigaus is easily distinguished from other genera within this family in New Zealand by the distinctive structures of the male genitalia. The epiphallus lophi are saddle-like in shape with the mesal protuberance of the lophus having a smooth, rounded outline. These structures are internal of the male genitalia.[2]
The taxonomy of New Zealand endemic grasshoppers was substantially revised by Bigelow in 1967.[3] This review was mostly based on the female genitalia. A new review is currently being performed on the genus Sigaus based on the internal male genitalia by Simon Morris.[2]
| Sigaus australis | Sigaus campestris | Sigaus childi | Sigaus homerensis | Sigaus minutus | Sigaus piliferus | Sigaus obelisci | Sigaus takahe | Sigaus villosus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photograph |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
| Altitude[4] | 1,300-1,700 m (4,300-5,600 ft) | 400-1,500 m (1,300-4,900 ft) | 200–500 m (660-1,600 ft) | 900-1,000 m (3,000-3,300 ft) | 300–800 m (980-2,600 ft) | 1,600-1,800 m (5,200-5,900 ft) | 1,000-1,400 m (5,900-6,900 ft) | 1,800-2,100 m (5,900-6,900 ft) | |
| Described[5] | 1897[6] Hutton | 1897 Hutton | 1999[7] Jamieson | 2003[8] Morris | 1967[9] Bigelow | 1897 Hutton | 1967 Bigelow | 2003 Morris | 1950[10] Salmon |
| Habitat[11] | Tussock grasslands | Dry rocky hillsides/ Tussock grasslands | Dry rocky hillsides | Tussock grasslands | Fluvial outwashs | Tussock grasslands | Alpine lichen fields | Tussock grasslands | Srcees |
| Polymorphism[12] | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | 2 | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | 1 | ||
| Regions | Canterbury Otago | Canterbury Otago Southland | Otago | Southland | Canterbury | Waikato Gisborne Hawke's Bay Manawatu-Wanganui Wellington | Otago | Southland | Canterbury |
| Size[13] | Medium | Medium/large | Medium | Medium | Very small | Large | Large | Medium | Large |
| Threaten[14] | Not threaten | Not threaten | Nationally Critical | Range Restricted | Nationally Endangered | Range Restricted | Range Restricted | Not threaten | |
| Wings[15] | Micropterous 2–3 mm | Micropterous 2–3 mm | Micropterous 1–2 mm | Micropterous 2–3 mm | Micropterous 1 mm | Micropterous 3–4 mm | Micropterous 3–4 mm | Micropterous 2–4 mm |
References
- ↑ Hutton, F.W. 1897: The grasshopper and locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Island. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 30: 135-50
- 1 2 S.J. 2002: Identification guide to grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Central Otago and Mackenzie Country. DOC Science Internal Series 26. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 17 p.
- ↑ Bigelow, R.S. The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. 1967. p. 60.
- ↑ Species prefer altitude.
- ↑ The author and year the species was described.
- ↑ Hutton, F.W. 1897: The grasshopper and locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Island. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 30: 135-50
- ↑ A new species of Sigaus from Alexandra, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 26: 43-48.
- ↑ Morris, S.J. 2003: Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). New Zealand entomologist, 26: 65–74. PDF
- ↑ Bigelow, R.S. 1967: The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
- ↑ Salmon, J.T. 1950: A new species of Acrididae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 78, Part 1, page 69, February 1950
- ↑ Species prefer habitat.
- ↑ The number of colour morphs known for adults of this species.
- ↑ Size for adult males: Small less than 6 mm; Medium 6-30 mm & Large greater than 30 mm.
- ↑ Base on the New Zealand Threat Classification System
- ↑ Species wing length.