Shot put

Athletics
Shot put

Polish double Olympic champion Tomasz Majewski
Men's records
World United States Randy Barnes 23.12 m (1990)
Olympic United States Ryan Crouser 22.52 m (2016)
Women's records
World Soviet Union Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m (1987)
Olympic East Germany Ilona Slupianek 22.41 m (1980)

The shot put (pronounced /ˈʃɒt pʊt/) is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object —the shot—as far as possible. The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's competition began in 1948.

History

Czechoslovak shot putter Plihan at the 1957 East German Indoor Athletics Championships
Shot putter at the University of Nebraska, 1942, showing the circle and stopboard

Homer mentions competitions of rock throwing by soldiers during the Siege of Troy but there is no record of any dead weights being thrown in Greek competitions. The first evidence for stone- or weight-throwing events were in the Scottish Highlands, and date back to approximately the first century.[1] In the 16th century King Henry VIII was noted for his prowess in court competitions of weight and hammer throwing.[2]

The first events resembling the modern shot put likely occurred in the Middle Ages when soldiers held competitions in which they hurled cannonballs. Shot put competitions were first recorded in early 19th century Scotland, and were a part of the British Amateur Championships beginning in 1866.[3]

Competitors take their throw from inside a marked circle 2.135 metres (7.00 ft) in diameter, with a stopboard about 10 centimetres (3.9 in) high at the front of the circle. The distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to the nearest mark made in the ground by the falling shot, with distances rounded down to the nearest centimetre under IAAF and WMA rules.

Legal throws

Czechoslovak shot putter Jiří Skobla showing the correct technique for keeping the shot near the neck

The following rules (indoor and outdoor) are adhered to for a legal throw:

The athlete may enter the throwing circle at the location of their choice.

Foul throws

Foul throws occur when an athlete:

At any time if the shot loses contact with the neck then it is technically an illegal throw.

Regulation misconceptions

The following are either obsolete or non-existent, but commonly believed rules within professional competition:

Competition

A shot putter with a representation of the circle and legal sector
Shot put area

Shot put competitions have been held at the modern Summer Olympic Games since their inception in 1896, and it is also included as an event in the World Athletics Championships.

Each competition has a set number of rounds of throws. Typically there are three preliminary rounds to determine qualification for the final, and then three more rounds in the final. Each competitor is credited with their longest throw, regardless of whether it was achieved in the preliminary or final rounds. The competitor with the longest legal put is declared the winner.

In open competitions the men's shot weighs 7.260 kilograms (16.01 lb), and the women's shot weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb). Junior, school, and masters competitions often use different weights of shots, typically below the weights of those used in open competitions; the individual rules for each competition should be consulted in order to determine the correct weights to be used.

Putting styles

Two putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors: the glide and the spin. With all putting styles, the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of approximately forty degrees.

Glide

The origin of the glide dates to 1951, when Parry O'Brien from the United States invented a technique that involved the putter facing backwards, rotating 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot.

With this technique, a right-hand thrower would begin facing the rear of the circle, and then kick to the front with the left leg, while pushing off forcefully with the right. As the thrower crosses the circle, the hips twist toward the front, the left arm is swung out then pulled back tight, followed by the shoulders, and they then strike in a putting motion with their right arm. The key is to move quickly across the circle with as little air under the feet as possible, hence the name 'glide'.

Spin

In 1972 Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style, the spin ("круговой мах" in Russian), invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev.[4][5] The spin involves rotating like a discus thrower and using rotational momentum for power. In 1976 Baryshnikov went on to set a world record of 22.00 m (72.18 ft) with his spin style, and was the first shot putter to cross the 22 meter mark.[6]

With this technique, a right-hand thrower faces the rear, and begins to spin on the ball of the left foot. The thrower comes around and faces the front of the circle and drives the right foot into the middle of the circle. Finally, the thrower reaches for the front of the circle with the left foot, twisting the hips and shoulders like in the glide, and puts the shot.

When the athlete executes the spin, the upper body is twisted hard to the right, so the imaginary lines created by the shoulders and hips are no longer parallel. This action builds up torque, and stretches the muscles, creating an involuntary elasticity in the muscles, providing extra power and momentum. When the athlete prepares to release, the left foot is firmly planted, causing the momentum and energy generated to be conserved, pushing the shot in an upward and outward direction.

Another purpose of the spin is to build up a high rotational speed, by swinging the right leg initially, then to bring all the limbs in tightly, similar to a figure skater bringing in their arms while spinning to increase their speed. Once this fast speed is achieved the shot is released, transferring the energy into the shot put.

Usage

Currently, most top male shot putters use the spin. However the glide remains popular since the technique leads to greater consistency compared to the rotational technique. Almost all throwers start by using the glide. Tomasz Majewski notes that although most athletes use the spin,[7] he and some other top shot putters achieved success using this classic method (for example he became first to defend the Olympic title in 56 years).

The world record by a male putter of 23.120 m (75 ft 10.236 in) by Randy Barnes was completed with the spin technique, while the second-best all-time put of 23.063 m (75 ft 7.992 in) by Ulf Timmermann was completed with the glide technique.

Measuring which technique can provide the most potential is difficult, as many of the best throws recorded with each technique have been completed by athletes under doping suspicions, or with a record of drug violations. The decision to glide or spin may need to be decided on an individual basis, determined by the thrower's size and power. Short throwers may benefit from the spin and taller throwers may benefit from the glide, but many throwers do not follow this guideline.

Types of shots

The shot put ball is made of different kinds of materials depending on its intended use. Materials used include sand, iron, cast iron, solid steel, stainless steel, brass, and synthetic materials like polyvinyl. Some metals are more dense than others making the size of the shot vary, for example, indoor shots are larger than outdoor shots, so different materials are used to make them. There are various size and weight standards for the implement that depend on the age and gender of the competitors as well as the national customs of the governing body.

World records

The current world record holders are:

Type Athlete Distance Venue Date
Men
Outdoor Randy Barnes 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) Westwood, Los Angeles, California, USA May 20, 1990
Indoor Randy Barnes 22.66 m (74 ft 4 in) Los Angeles, California, USA January 20, 1989
Women
Outdoor Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m (74 ft 234 in) Moscow, USSR June 7, 1987
Indoor Helena Fibingerová 22.50 m (73 ft 934 in) Jablonec, CZE February 19, 1977

Continental records

The current records held on each continent are:[8]

Area Men's Women's
Distance Athlete Nation Distance Athlete Nation
Africa 21.97 m (72 ft 034 in) Janus Robberts  South Africa 18.43 m (60 ft 512 in) Vivian Chukwuemeka  Nigeria
Asia 21.13 m (69 ft 334 in) Sultan Abdulmajeed Al-Hebshi  Saudi Arabia 21.76 m (71 ft 412 in) Meisu Li  China
Europe 23.06 m (75 ft 734 in) Ulf Timmermann  East Germany 22.63 m (74 ft 234 in) WR Natalya Lisovskaya  Soviet Union
North and Central
America, and Caribbean
23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) WR Randy Barnes  United States 20.96 m (68 ft 9 in) A Belsy Laza  Cuba
Oceania 22.21 m (72 ft 1014 in) Tomas Walsh  New Zealand 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) Valerie Adams  New Zealand
South America 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in)[9] German Lauro  Argentina 19.30 m (63 ft 334 in) A Elisângela Adriano  Brazil

Top 25 performers

Men

Rank Mark Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref
1 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in) Randy Barnes  United States 20 May 1990 Westwood
2 23.06 m (75 ft 734 in) Ulf Timmermann  East Germany 22 May 1988 Khania
3 22.91 m (75 ft 134 in) Alessandro Andrei  Italy 12 August 1987 Viareggio
4 22.86 m (75 ft 0 in) Brian Oldfield  United States 10 May 1975 El Paso
5 22.75 m (74 ft 712 in) Werner Günthör   Switzerland 23 August 1988 Bern
6 22.67 m (74 ft 412 in) Kevin Toth  United States 19 April 2003 Lawrence
7 22.64 m (74 ft 314 in) Udo Beyer  East Germany 20 August 1986 Berlin
8 22.56 m (74 ft 0 in) Joe Kovacs  United States 17 July 2015 Fontvieille [12]
9 22.54 m (73 ft 1114 in) Christian Cantwell  United States 5 June 2004 Gresham
10 22.52 m (73 ft 1012 in) John Brenner  United States 26 April 1987 Walnut
Ryan Crouser  United States 18 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [13]
12 22.51 m (73 ft 10 in) Adam Nelson  United States 18 May 2002 Gresham
13 22.43 m (73 ft 7 in) Reese Hoffa  United States 3 August 2007 London
14 22.28 m (73 ft 1 in) Ryan Whiting  United States 10 May 2013 Doha
15 22.24 m (72 ft 1112 in) Sergey Smirnov  Soviet Union 21 June 1986 Tallinn
16 22.21 m (72 ft 1014 in) A Dylan Armstrong  Canada 25 June 2011 Calgary
22.21 m (72 ft 1014 in) Tomas Walsh  New Zealand 5 September 2016 Zagreb [14]
18 22.20 m (72 ft 10 in) David Storl  Germany 9 July 2015 Lausanne [15]
John Godina  United States 22 May 2005 Carson
20 22.10 m (72 ft 6 in) Sergey Gavryushin  Soviet Union 31 August 1986 Tblisi
22.10 m (72 ft 6 in) Cory Martin  United States 23 May 2010 Tucson
22 22.09 m (72 ft 512 in) Sergey Kasnauskas  Soviet Union 23 August 1984 Minsk
22.09 m (72 ft 512 in)i Mika Halvari  Finland 7 February 2000 Tampere
24 22.02 m (72 ft 234 in) Dave Laut  United States 25 August 1982 Koblenz
22.02 m (72 ft 234 in)i George Woods  United States 8 February 1974 Inglewood

Non-legal marks

Women

RankMarkAthleteNationalityLocationDate
1 22.63 m (74 ft 234 in) Natalya Lisovskaya  Soviet Union Moscow June 7, 1987
2 22.50 m (73 ft 934 in)i Helena Fibingerová  Czechoslovakia Jablonec nad Nisou February 19, 1977
3 22.45 m (73 ft 734 in) Ilona Briesenick  East Germany Potsdam May 11, 1980
4 22.19 m (72 ft 912 in) Claudia Losch  West Germany Hainfeld August 23, 1987
5 21.89 m (71 ft 934 in) Ivanka Khristova  Bulgaria Belmeken July 4, 1976
6 21.86 m (71 ft 812 in) Marianne Adam  East Germany Leipzig June 23, 1979
7 21.76 m (71 ft 412 in) Li Meisu  China Shijiazhuang April 23, 1988
8 21.73 m (71 ft 312 in) Natalya Akhrimenko  Soviet Union Leselidze May 21, 1988
9 21.70 m (71 ft 214 in)i Nadzeya Ostapchuk  Belarus Mogilev February 12, 2010
10 21.69 m (71 ft 134 in) Vita Pavlysh  Ukraine Budapest August 15, 1998
11 21.66 m (71 ft 034 in) Sui Xinmei  China Beijing June 9, 1990
12 21.62 m (70 ft 11 in) Verzhinia Veselinova  Bulgaria Sofia August 21, 1982
13 21.60 m (70 ft 1014 in)i Valentina Fedyushina  Soviet Union Simferopol December 28, 1991
14 21.58 m (70 ft 912 in) Margitta Pufe  East Germany Erfurt May 28, 1978
15 21.57 m (70 ft 9 in) Ines Müller  East Germany Athens May 16, 1988
16 21.53 m (70 ft 712 in) Nunu Abashidze  Soviet Union Kiev June 20, 1984
17 21.52 m (70 ft 7 in) Huang Zhihong  China Beijing June 27, 1990
18 21.46 m (70 ft 434 in) Larisa Peleshenko  Russia Budapest August 26, 2000
19 21.45 m (70 ft 414 in) Nadezhda Chizhova  Soviet Union Varna September 29, 1973
20 21.43 m (70 ft 312 in) Eva Wilms  West Germany Munich June 27, 1977
21 21.42 m (70 ft 314 in) Svetlana Krachevskaya  Soviet Union Moscow July 24, 1980
22 21.31 m (69 ft 1034 in) Heike Hartwig  East Germany Athens May 16, 1988
23 21.27 m (69 ft 914 in) Liane Schmuhl  East Germany Cottbus June 26, 1982
24 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in) Valerie Adams  New Zealand Daegu August 29, 2011
25 21.22 m (69 ft 714 in) Astrid Kumbernuss  Germany Gothenburg August 5, 1995

Olympic Medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
 Robert Garrett (USA)  Miltiadis Gouskos (GRE)  Georgios Papasideris (GRE)
1900 Paris
 Richard Sheldon (USA)  Josiah McCracken (USA)  Robert Garrett (USA)
1904 St. Louis
 Ralph Rose (USA)  Wesley Coe (USA)  Lawrence Feuerbach (USA)
1908 London
 Ralph Rose (USA)  Denis Horgan (GBR)  John Garrels (USA)
1912 Stockholm
 Pat McDonald (USA)  Ralph Rose (USA)  Lawrence Whitney (USA)
1920 Antwerp
 Ville Pörhölä (FIN)  Elmer Niklander (FIN)  Harry Liversedge (USA)
1924 Paris
 Bud Houser (USA)  Glenn Hartranft (USA)  Ralph Hills (USA)
1928 Amsterdam
 John Kuck (USA)  Herman Brix (USA)  Emil Hirschfeld (GER)
1932 Los Angeles
 Leo Sexton (USA)  Harlow Rothert (USA)  František Douda (TCH)
1936 Berlin
 Hans Woellke (GER)  Sulo Bärlund (FIN)  Gerhard Stöck (GER)
1948 London
 Wilbur Thompson (USA)  Jim Delaney (USA)  Jim Fuchs (USA)
1952 Helsinki
 Parry O'Brien (USA)  Darrow Hooper (USA)  Jim Fuchs (USA)
1956 Melbourne
 Parry O'Brien (USA)  Bill Nieder (USA)  Jiří Skobla (TCH)
1960 Rome
 Bill Nieder (USA)  Parry O'Brien (USA)  Dallas Long (USA)
1964 Tokyo
 Dallas Long (USA)  Randy Matson (USA)  Vilmos Varjú (HUN)
1968 Mexico City
 Randy Matson (USA)  George Woods (USA)  Eduard Gushchin (URS)
1972 Munich
 Władysław Komar (POL)  George Woods (USA)  Hartmut Briesenick (GDR)
1976 Montreal
 Udo Beyer (GDR)  Yevgeniy Mironov (URS)  Aleksandr Baryshnikov (URS)
1980 Moscow
 Vladimir Kiselyov (URS)  Aleksandr Baryshnikov (URS)  Udo Beyer (GDR)
1984 Los Angeles
 Alessandro Andrei (ITA)  Mike Carter (USA)  Dave Laut (USA)
1988 Seoul
 Ulf Timmermann (GDR)  Randy Barnes (USA)  Werner Günthör (SUI)
1992 Barcelona
 Mike Stulce (USA)  Jim Doehring (USA)  Vyacheslav Lykho (EUN)
1996 Atlanta
 Randy Barnes (USA)  John Godina (USA)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
2000 Sydney
 Arsi Harju (FIN)  Adam Nelson (USA)  John Godina (USA)
2004 Athens
 Adam Nelson (USA)  Joachim Olsen (DEN)  Manuel Martínez (ESP)
2008 Beijing
 Tomasz Majewski (POL)  Christian Cantwell (USA)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
2012 London
 Tomasz Majewski (POL)  David Storl (GER)  Reese Hoffa (USA)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Ryan Crouser (USA)  Joe Kovacs (USA)  Tomas Walsh (NZL)

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London
 Micheline Ostermeyer (FRA)  Amelia Piccinini (ITA)  Ina Schäffer (AUT)
1952 Helsinki
 Galina Zybina (URS)  Marianne Werner (GER)  Klavdiya Tochenova (URS)
1956 Melbourne
 Tamara Tyshkevich (URS)  Galina Zybina (URS)  Marianne Werner (EUA)
1960 Rome
 Tamara Press (URS)  Johanna Lüttge (EUA)  Earlene Brown (USA)
1964 Tokyo
 Tamara Press (URS)  Renate Culmberger (EUA)  Galina Zybina (URS)
1968 Mexico City
 Margitta Gummel (GDR)  Marita Lange (GDR)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS)
1972 Munich
 Nadezhda Chizhova (URS)  Margitta Gummel (GDR)  Ivanka Khristova (BUL)
1976 Montreal
 Ivanka Khristova (BUL)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS)  Helena Fibingerová (TCH)
1980 Moscow
 Ilona Slupianek (GDR)  Svetlana Krachevskaya (URS)  Margitta Pufe (GDR)
1984 Los Angeles
 Claudia Losch (FRG)  Mihaela Loghin (ROU)  Gael Martin (AUS)
1988 Seoul
 Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Kathrin Neimke (GDR)  Li Meisu (CHN)
1992 Barcelona
 Svetlana Krivelyova (EUN)  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Kathrin Neimke (GER)
1996 Atlanta
 Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Sui Xinmei (CHN)  Irina Khudoroshkina (RUS)
2000 Sydney
 Yanina Karolchik (BLR)  Larisa Peleshenko (RUS)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)
2004 Athens
 Yumileidi Cumbá (CUB)  Nadine Kleinert (GER) Not awarded[16]
2008 Beijing
 Valerie Vili (NZL)  Natallia Mikhnevich (BLR)  Nadzeya Ostapchuk (BLR)
2012 London
 Valerie Adams (NZL)  Yevgeniya Kolodko (RUS)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Michelle Carter (USA)  Valerie Adams (NZL)  Anita Márton (HUN)

World Championship medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki  Edward Sarul (POL)  Ulf Timmermann (GDR)  Remigius Machura (TCH)
1987 Rome  Werner Günthör (SUI)  Alessandro Andrei (ITA)  John Brenner (USA)
1991 Tokyo  Werner Günthör (SUI)  Lars Arvid Nilsen (NOR)  Aleksandr Klimenko (URS)
1993 Stuttgart  Werner Günthör (SUI)  Randy Barnes (USA)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
1995 Gothenburg  John Godina (USA)  Mika Halvari (FIN)  Randy Barnes (USA)
1997 Athens  John Godina (USA)  Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)  C. J. Hunter (USA)
1999 Seville  C. J. Hunter (USA)  Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)  Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)
2001 Edmonton  John Godina (USA)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Arsi Harju (FIN)
2003 Saint-Denis  Andrei Mikhnevich (BLR)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)
2005 Helsinki  Adam Nelson (USA)  Rutger Smith (NED)  Ralf Bartels (GER)
2007 Osaka  Reese Hoffa (USA)  Adam Nelson (USA)  Andrei Mikhnevich (BLR)
2009 Berlin  Christian Cantwell (USA)  Tomasz Majewski (POL)  Ralf Bartels (GER)
2011 Daegu  David Storl (GER)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)  Andrei Mikhnevich (BLR)
2013 Moscow  David Storl (GER)  Ryan Whiting (USA)  Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
2015 Beijing  Joe Kovacs (USA)  David Storl (GER)  O'Dayne Richards (JAM)

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki  Helena Fibingerová (TCH)  Helma Knorscheidt (GDR)  Ilona Schoknecht-Slupianek (GDR)
1987 Rome  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Kathrin Neimke (GDR)  Ines Müller (GDR)
1991 Tokyo  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS)  Svetlana Krivelyova (URS)
1993 Stuttgart  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Kathrin Neimke (GER)
1995 Gothenburg  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Huang Zhihong (CHN)  Svetla Mitkova (BUL)
1997 Athens  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)  Stephanie Storp (GER)
1999 Seville  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)
2001 Edmonton  Yanina Karolchik (BLR)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)
2003 Saint-Denis  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR)  Vita Pavlysh (UKR)
2005 Helsinki[17]  Olga Ryabinkina (RUS)  Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)
2007 Osaka  Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)
2009 Berlin  Valerie Vili (NZL)  Nadine Kleinert (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2011 Daegu  Valerie Adams (NZL)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR)  Jillian Camarena-Williams (USA)
2013 Moscow  Valerie Adams (NZL)  Christina Schwanitz (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)
2015 Beijing  Christina Schwanitz (GER)  Gong Lijiao (CHN)  Michelle Carter (USA)

Season's bests

As of June 5, 2015

Men

YearDistanceAthleteLocation
1964 20.68 m (67 ft 10 in)  Dallas Long (USA) Los Angeles
1965 21.52 m (70 ft 7 in)  Randy Matson (USA) College Station
1966 21.09 m (69 ft 214 in)  Randy Matson (USA) Los Angeles
1967 21.78 m (71 ft 514 in)  Randy Matson (USA) College Station
1968 21.30 m (69 ft 1012 in)  Randy Matson (USA) Walnut
1969 20.64 m (67 ft 812 in)  Neal Steinhauer (USA)
 Hans-Peter Gies (GDR)
Eugene
Budapest
1970 21.75 m (71 ft 414 in)  Randy Matson (USA) Berkeley
1971 21.12 m (69 ft 314 in)  Heinz-Joachim Rothenburg (GDR) Moscow
1972 21.54 m (70 ft 8 in)  Hartmut Briesenick (GDR) Potsdam
1973 21.82 m (71 ft 7 in)  Al Feuerbach (USA) San Jose
1974 22.02 m (72 ft 234 in)i  George Woods (USA) Moscow
1975 22.86 m (75 ft 0 in)  Brian Oldfield (USA) El Paso
1976 22.45 m (73 ft 734 in)  Brian Oldfield (USA) El Paso
1977 21.74 m (71 ft 334 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Düsseldorf
1978 22.15 m (72 ft 8 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Gothenburg
1979 21.74 m (71 ft 334 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Linz
1980 21.98 m (72 ft 114 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Erfurt
1981 22.02 m (72 ft 234 in)  Brian Oldfield (USA) Modesto
1982 22.02 m (72 ft 234 in)  Dave Laut (USA) Koblenz
1983 22.22 m (72 ft 1034 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Los Angeles
1984 22.19 m (72 ft 912 in)  Brian Oldfield (USA) San Jose
1985 22.62 m (74 ft 212 in)  Ulf Timmermann (GDR) Berlin
1986 22.64 m (74 ft 314 in)  Udo Beyer (GDR) Berlin
1987 22.91 m (75 ft 134 in)  Alessandro Andrei (ITA) Viareggio
1988 23.06 m (75 ft 734 in)  Ulf Timmermann (GDR) Hania
1989 22.66 m (74 ft 4 in)i  Randy Barnes (USA) Los Angeles
1990 23.12 m (75 ft 10 in)  Randy Barnes (USA) Westwood
1991 22.03 m (72 ft 314 in)  Werner Günthör (SUI) Oslo
1992 21.98 m (72 ft 114 in)  Gregg Tafralis (USA) Los Gatos
1993 21.98 m (72 ft 114 in)  Werner Günthör (SUI) Linz
1994 21.09 m (69 ft 214 in)  Jim Doehring (USA) New York City
1995 22.00 m (72 ft 2 in)  John Godina (USA) Knoxville
1996 22.40 m (73 ft 534 in)  Randy Barnes (USA) Rüdlingen
1997 22.03 m (72 ft 314 in)  Randy Barnes (USA) Indianapolis
1998 21.78 m (71 ft 514 in)  John Godina (USA) Walnut
1999 22.02 m (72 ft 234 in)  John Godina (USA) Eugene
2000 22.12 m (72 ft 634 in)  Adam Nelson (USA) Sacramento
2001 21.97 m (72 ft 034 in)  Janus Robberts (RSA) Eugene
2002 22.51 m (73 ft 10 in)  Adam Nelson (USA) Gresham
2003 22.67 m (74 ft 412 in)  Kevin Toth (USA) Lawrence
2004 22.54 m (73 ft 1114 in)  Christian Cantwell (USA) Gresham
2005 22.20 m (72 ft 10 in)  John Godina (USA) Carson
2006 22.45 m (73 ft 734 in)  Christian Cantwell (USA) Gateshead
2007 22.43 m (73 ft 7 in)  Reese Hoffa (USA) London
2008 22.40 m (73 ft 534 in)i  Adam Nelson (USA) Fayetteville
2009 22.16 m (72 ft 814 in)  Christian Cantwell (USA) Zagreb
2010 22.41 m (73 ft 614 in)  Christian Cantwell (USA) Eugene
2011 22.21 m (72 ft 1014 in) A  Dylan Armstrong (CAN) Calgary
2012 22.31 m (73 ft 214 in)  Christian Cantwell (USA) Champaign
2013 22.28 m (73 ft 1 in)  Ryan Whiting (USA) Doha
2014 22.23 m (72 ft 11 in)Ai  Ryan Whiting (USA) Albuquerque
2015 22.56 m (74 ft 0 in)  Joe Kovacs (USA) Monaco

Women

YearDistanceAthleteLocation
1964 18.40 m (60 ft 414 in)  Tamara Press (URS) Minsk
1965 18.59 m (60 ft 1134 in)  Tamara Press (URS) Kassel
1966 18.01 m (59 ft 1 in)  Tamara Press (URS) Auckland
1967 18.34 m (60 ft 2 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) Karl-Marx-Stadt
1968 19.61 m (64 ft 4 in)  Margitta Gummel (GDR) Mexico City
1969 20.43 m (67 ft 014 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS)
 
Athens
1970 19.69 m (64 ft 7 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) Erfurt
1971 20.43 m (67 ft 014 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) Moscow
1972 21.03 m (68 ft 1134 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) Munich
1973 21.45 m (70 ft 414 in)  Nadezhda Chizhova (URS) Varna
1974 21.57 m (70 ft 9 in)  Helena Fibingerová (TCH) Gottwaldov
1975 21.60 m (70 ft 1014 in)  Marianne Adam (GDR) Berlin
1976 21.99 m (72 ft 112 in)  Helena Fibingerová (TCH) Opava
1977 22.50 m (73 ft 934 in)i  Helena Fibingerová (TCH) Jablonec nad Nisou
1978 22.06 m (72 ft 412 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Berlin
1979 22.04 m (72 ft 312 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Potsdam
1980 22.45 m (73 ft 734 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Potsdam
1981 21.61 m (70 ft 1034 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Potsdam
1982 21.80 m (71 ft 614 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Potsdam
1983 22.40 m (73 ft 534 in)  Ilona Slupianek (GDR) Berlin
1984 22.53 m (73 ft 11 in)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) Sochi
1985 21.73 m (71 ft 312 in)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) Erfurt
1986 21.70 m (71 ft 214 in)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) Tallinn
1987 22.63 m (74 ft 234 in)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) Moscow
1988 22.55 m (73 ft 1134 in)  Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) Tallinn
1989 20.82 m (68 ft 312 in)  Li Meisu (CHN) Prague
1990 21.66 m (71 ft 034 in)  Sui Xinmei (CHN) Beijing
1991 21.60 m (70 ft 1014 in)i  Valentina Fedyushina (URS) Simferopol
1992 21.06 m (69 ft 1 in)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS) Barcelona
1993 20.84 m (68 ft 414 in)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS) Moscow
1994 20.54 m (67 ft 412 in)  Sui Xinmei (CHN) Beijing
1995 21.22 m (69 ft 714 in)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER) Gothenburg
1996 20.97 m (68 ft 912 in)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER) Duisburg
1997 21.22 m (69 ft 714 in)  Astrid Kumbernuss (GER) Hamburg
1998 21.69 m (71 ft 134 in)  Viktoriya Pavlysh (UKR) Budapest
1999 21.15 m (69 ft 412 in)i  Irina Korzhanenko (RUS) Moscow
2000 21.46 m (70 ft 434 in)  Larisa Peleshenko (RUS) Moscow
2001 20.79 m (68 ft 212 in)  Larisa Peleshenko (RUS) Tula
2002 20.64 m (67 ft 812 in)  Irina Korzhanenko (RUS) Munich
2003 20.77 m (68 ft 112 in)  Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS) Tula
2004 20.79 m (68 ft 212 in)  Irina Korzhanenko (RUS) Tula
2005 21.09 m (69 ft 214 in)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR) Minsk
2006 20.86 m (68 ft 514 in)i  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR) Minsk
2007 20.54 m (67 ft 412 in)  Valerie Vili (NZL) Osaka
2008 20.98 m (68 ft 934 in)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR) Minsk
2009 21.07 m (69 ft 112 in)  Valerie Vili (NZL) Thessaloniki
2010 21.70 m (71 ft 214 in)i  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR) Mogilev
2011 21.24 m (69 ft 8 in)  Valerie Adams (NZL) Daegu
2012 21.58 m (70 ft 912 in)  Nadzeya Astapchuk (BLR) Minsk
2013 20.98 m (68 ft 934 in)i  Valerie Adams (NZL) Zürich
2014 20.67 m (67 ft 934 in)i  Valerie Adams (NZL) Sopot
2015 20.77 m (68 ft 112 in)  Christina Schwanitz (GER) Beijing

See also

Notes and references

  1. Colin White (31 December 2009). Projectile Dynamics in Sport: Principles and Applications. Taylor & Francis. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-0-415-47331-6. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  2. "Hammer Throw". IAAF. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  3. Shot Put - Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-02-28.
  4. Aleksandr Baryshnikov biography on sportsdaily.ru (in Russian) reference tested at 11 May 2009
  5. Aleksandr Baryshnikov, Athlete from Russia (in Russian) reference tested at 11 May 2009
  6. Григорий РУДЕРМАН (Израиль), заслуженный тренер России «Метания в хх веке : тенденции развития.» reference tested at 11 May 2009
  7. Playboy Poland 8/2012, page 44,45
  8. "Outdoor: Shot Put: Area Records". Official website. International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  9. http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-rt-athletics-womendoha-resultsiss195925-20130510,0,4032158.story?page=2
  10. Shot Put - men - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-24.
  11. Shot Put - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-24.
  12. "Shot Put Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  13. "Men's Shot Put Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  14. "Shot Put Results". IAAF. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  15. "Shot Put Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  16. Athens 2004 Athletics Medalists. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
  17. Revision of results following sanctions of Tsikhan and Ostapchuk

External links

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