Shelter Cluster

Shelter Cluster

Logo of the Shelter Cluster
Formation 2006 (2006)
Type Coordination mechanism
Purpose Coordinate humanitarian shelter
Global Shelter Cluster Coordinator
Monica Noro, UNHCR
Global Shelter Cluster Coordinator
Graham Saunders, IFRC
Affiliations Inter-Agency Standing Committee
Website www.sheltercluster.org
Formerly called
Emergency Shelter Cluster

The Shelter Cluster is an Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) coordination mechanism that supports people affected by natural disasters and conflicts with the means to live in safe, dignified and appropriate shelter. The Shelter Cluster is one of eleven sectorial coordination groups[1][2] that are part of the Cluster Approach, that followed the Humanitarian Response Review in 2005.[3][4] Currently 31 humanitarian organizations are part of the Shelter Cluster at global level,[5] more than 300 organizations coordinate shelter assistance with the support of the Shelter Cluster at country level.

The Shelter Cluster’s scope includes all activities related to achieving the right to adequate housing with a humanitarian focus. This includes:[6]

Structure

The Global Shelter Cluster is co-chaired by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)[7] and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).[4]:iv[8] The IFRC convenes the Shelter Cluster in natural disaster situations.[9] UNHCR leads the Shelter Cluster in conflict situations where there are Internally displaced persons, whereas in refugee situations the core mandate of UNHCR takes precedence over the cluster system.[4]:iv[10][11] The IFRC is convening the Cluster and not leading it because, as a neutral and impartial organization, it cannot be part of the command structure of the United Nations. This difference was formalized in Memorandum of Understanding between the IFRC and The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.[12][13][14]

The structure of the Global Shelter Cluster includes:[15]

The Shelter Cluster’s structure also include working groups, communities of practice and other support mechanisms.[15]

Operations

Since its inception in 2006, the Shelter Cluster has coordinated humanitarian shelter assistance in 43 responses.[16]

Year Country Reason for deployment
2006 Indonesia Earthquake
2006 Philippines Typhoon Durian
2007 Mozambique Cyclone, floods
2007 Pakistan Cyclone, floods
2007 Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr
2007 Sri Lanka Conflict
2008 Tadjikistan Cold wave
2008 Myanmar Cyclone Nargis[17]
2008 Nepal Floods
2008 Pakistan Earthquake
2009 Bangladesh Cyclone Aila
2009 Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict
2009 Indonesia, West Sumatra Earthquake[18]
2009 Indonesia, West Java Earthquake[18]
2009 Burkina Faso Floods[19]
2009 Philippines Typhoon Ketsana,[20] Typhoon Parma
2009 El Salvador Floods
2009 Occupied Palestinian Territories Reconstruction
2010 Haiti Earthquake[21][22]
2010 Kyrgyzstan Conflict
2010 Myanmar Cyclone Giri[23]
2010 Lesotho Floods
2011 Afghanistan Conflict
2011 El Salvador Tropical Depression
2011 Ivory Coast Conflict
2011 Madagascar Seasonal cyclones, floods
2011 Philippines Tropical Storm Washi
2011 Sudan Conflict
2011 Yemen Conflict
2012 Central African Republic Conflict
2012 Fiji Cyclone Evan
2012 Libya Conflict
2012 Mali Conflict
2012 Peru Seasonal Floods
2012 Philippines Typhoon Bopha
2012 Somalia Conflict
2012 South Sudan Conflict
2012 Syria Conflict
2012 Myanmar Conflict
2013 India Floods
2013 Mozambique Seasonal Floods
2013 Bangladesh Cyclone Mahasen
2013 Philippines Bohol earthquake
2013 Philippines Typhoon Haiyan[24]
2014 Ukraine Conflict
2015 Vanuatu Cyclone Pam
2015 Nepal Earthquake
2016 Fiji Cyclone Winston
2016 Ecuador Earthquake

References

  1. "What is the Cluster Approach". Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  2. Global Cluster Leads, UNOCHA, 25 June 2012
  3. Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen Humanitarian Response, Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), 24 November 2006, p. 3
  4. 1 2 3 Michel Vanbruaene; Tom Corsellis; Bernard Crenn; Jonathan Price; Paul Mbatha; Dieter Tranchant; Maria Lourdes Domingo-Price (9 August 2013). "Executive Summary". Evaluation of the European Commission’s Humanitarian Action in the Shelter Sector – Final Report (PDF) (Report). European Commission Humanitarian and Civil Protection (ECHO). p. iii. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  5. "About Us". Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  6. Scope of the Global Shelter Cluster
  7. UNHCR Global Report 2006 (PDF), Geneva: UNHCR, 30 June 2007, pp. 40–43
  8. Davidson, Sara; Price, Gill (9 January 2010), Review of the International Federation's Shelter Cluster Commitment (PDF), Geneva: IFRC, p. 10
  9. FAQ: The cluster process and the International Federation’s Shelter Cluster commitment (PDF), IFRC, 2009
  10. 4. Reference Module for Cluster Coordination at the Country Level (PDF), Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), November 2012, p. 3, retrieved 22 October 2013
  11. Streets, Julia; Grünewald, François; Binder, Andrea; Geoffroy, de, Véronique; Kauffmann, Domitille; Krüger, Susanna; Meier, Claudia; Sokpoh, Bonaventure (April 2010), Cluster Approach Evaluation 2 Synthesis Report (PDF), Global Public Policy Institute, p. 25
  12. Memorandum of Understanding between International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in regards to the International Federation Assuming a Leading Role in Emergency Shelter in Natural Disasters, Geneva/New York, 19 September 2006
  13. Stoddard, Abby; Harmer, Adele; Salomons, Dirk; Wheeler, Victoria (1 November 2007), Cluster Approach Evaluation - Final (PDF), Humanitarian Policy Group, p. 35, ISBN 9780850038637, retrieved 22 October 2013
  14. Inter-Agency Standing Committee Principals Meeting - Conclusions and Action Points, 12 December 2006, retrieved 26 September 2013
  15. 1 2 Management Structure of the Global Shelter Cluster
  16. "Shelter Cluster". Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  17. Alexander, Jessica (April 2009), Emergency Shelter Cluster Review, Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar (PDF), IFRC, retrieved 18 October 2013
  18. 1 2 Rantanen, Jyri (January 2011), Shelter Cluster Review - 2009 Indonesia Earthquakes (PDF), IFRC, retrieved 18 October 2013
  19. Vega, Camila (April 2011), Review of the IFRC-led Shelter Cluster, Burkina Faso September 2009 Floods Response (PDF), IFRC, retrieved 18 October 2013
  20. Bains, Amara (January 2011), Review on IFRC-convened shelter cluster, Typhoon Ketsana, Philippines, 2009 (PDF), IFRC, retrieved 18 October 2013
  21. Davidson, Sara (20 April 2011), A Review of the IFRC-led Shelter Cluster Haiti 2010 (PDF), retrieved 18 October 2013
  22. Beunza, Alfonso Calzadilla; Eresta, Ignacio Martin (December 2011), An Evaluation of the Haiti Earthquake 2010 - Meeting Shelter Needs: Issues, Achievements and Constraints (PDF), Estudios Proyectos y Planificación S.A. (EPYPSA), retrieved 18 October 2013
  23. Hedlund, Kerren (July 2011), Shelter and NFI Cluster Evaluation Cyclone Giri Response, Myanmar, October 2010 to January 2011 (PDF), IFRC, retrieved 18 October 2013
  24. Philippines: Typhoon Haiyan Action Plan November 2013, UNOCHA, 12 November 2013, retrieved 25 November 2013
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