Semovente da 75/34

Semovente da 75/34
Type Self-propelled gun
Place of origin Italy
Service history
In service 1943–1945
Used by Italy, Nazi Germany
Wars World War II
Production history
Manufacturer Fiat-Ansaldo
Produced 1942–1943
Number built 141
Specifications
Weight 15 tonnes (33,069 lbs)
Length 5.04 m (16 ft 6 in)
Width 2.23 m (7 ft 4 in)
Height 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in)
Crew 3 (commander/gunner, driver, loader/radio operator)[1]
Armour Front: 42 mm (2 in)
Main
armament
 75 mm L/34 gun
Secondary
armament
 1×8 mm Breda 38 machine gun[1]
Engine SPA M15 (15TB) V8
192 hp (143.17 kW)
Power/weight 12.7 hp/ton
Suspension vertical volute spring
Operational
range
 230 km (143 mi)
Speed 20 mph (32 km/h)[1]

The Semovente da 75/34 was an Italian self-propelled gun developed and used during World War II. It was a 75 mm L/34 gun mounted on a M15/42 tank chassis. It saw action during the defence of Rome in 1943 and later served with the Germans in Northern Italy and the Balkans. 141 were produced during the war (60 before the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, 81 later on by the Germans).

Development

After the success of the Semovente da 75/18, it was decided to build a self-propelled gun with a better gun, to improve its anti-tank capability (which on the former was given by the use of HEAT shells); some prototypes were built which replaced the Obice da 75/18 with a 75 mm L/32 field gun on the M14/41 tank chassis.[2][3] Production began in spring 1943, with the 75 mm L/34 gun (the same as on the Carro Armato P 40) on the chassis of the M15/42 tank. Some sixty were built before the Italian armistice in September 1943.[4]

Design

While derived from the earlier Semovente, it differed somewhat from it; instead of two conjoined plates each 21 millimetres (0.83 in) thick, the frontal armour was made of a single 42 millimetres (1.7 in) thick plate and the casemate was modified to fit the longer gun.[1] It had the same 192 HP petrol engine of the M15/42 which allowed for a reasonable top speed of 38.4 kilometres per hour (23.9 mph).[5]

Service

The only operational use by the Regio Esercito was in the unsuccessful defence of Rome from 8–10 September 1943. After the Armistice of Cassibile, Italy switched sides in the war and their former ally, Germany, became their enemy. Some twelve Semoventi da 75/34 were assigned to the CXXXV Gruppo of the 135a Divisione Corazzata Ariete II. Only a few were destroyed in the fighting and the rest were seized by the Germans, which employed them in Italy and the Balkans; under German direction, some eighty more were built until 1945.[6]

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hall, David W. (2011). Blood and Guts: Rules, Tactics, and Scenarios for Wargaming World War Two. iUniverse. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-4620-2554-1.
  2. ↑ Sgarlato, Nico (June 2006). "Corazzati italiani 1939–1945". War Set (10): 50.
  3. ↑ Cappellano, F.; Battistelli, P. P. (2012). Italian medium tanks : 1939–45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-84908-775-9.
  4. ↑ Bagnasco, Erminio; Castronovo, Valerio (1999). Storia dell'Ansaldo. Laterza. pp. 202–211. ISBN 978-88420-5928-8.
  5. ↑ Pignato, Nicola (2010). Semovente da 75/18 : tecnica e storia del primo semovente italiano. Parma: Albertelli. pp. 51–59. ISBN 978-8887372786.
  6. ↑ Cappellano & Battistelli (2012), pp. 32–33
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