Santander, Spain

Santander
Municipality
Top left: Assumption of the Virgin Mary Cathedral, Top right: Santander City Hall in Calle de los Escalantes, Middle left: Palacete del Embarcadero, Middle right: View of Sardinero Beach and Magdalena Palace, Bottom left: Cape Mayor Lighthouse, Bottom right: View of a ferry leave from Santander in Magdalena Peninsula
Flag Coat of arms
Santander Location of Santander within Cantabria
Coordinates: 43°27′46″N 3°48′18″W / 43.46278°N 3.80500°W / 43.46278; -3.80500Coordinates: 43°27′46″N 3°48′18″W / 43.46278°N 3.80500°W / 43.46278; -3.80500
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Cantabria
Province	Cantabria
Comarca	Bay of Santander
Judicial district	Santander
Founded	26 BC, as Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium 9 January 1755, granting the title of city
Capital	Santander
Government
• Alcalde	Íñigo de la Serna (2007) (PP)
Area
• Total	35 km2 (14 sq mi)
Elevation	15 m (49 ft)
Highest elevation	108 m (354 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2013)
• Total	178,465
• Density	5,100/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Santanderino/a, santanderense, pejino/a, chani
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	39001-39012
Official language(s)	Spanish
Website	Official website

The port city of Santander (UK /ˌsæntənˈdɛər, -tæn-/, US /ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/;^[1] Spanish: [santanˈder]) is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. Located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao, the city has a population of 178,465 (2013). Santander houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, and is the location of the founding of the namesake company.

History

Origins, Roman period and Middle Ages

The origin of the earliest human settlements in the current Santander is not easy to establish because there are few written and archaeological data. However, there would appear to be good practical reasons for ancient settlers to have chosen the north side of the bay, sheltered from it and safer from the storms of the Bay of Biscay, on the north side of the promontory of Somorrostro and along the ancient Becedo estuary. Moreover, the hillside provided good visibility for spotting potential attackers, making this the ideal place for the foundation of a stable settlement, which was to evolve throughout the Middle Ages.^[2]

In Roman times the first written mention appeared, the port being known as Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium to Pliny the Elder. Roman archaeological remains found in the Peninsula Magdalena include the remains of a building with mosaic floors, a Hermes bronze and other material monetary and ceramic..

Although it is mentioned for the first time in 1068, in a draft document made by King Sancho II, in the ninth century Alfonso II the Chaste founded the Abbey of the Holy Bodies in the existing chapel on the hill of Somorrostro, housing as holy relics the heads of Saint Emeterius and Saint Celedonius and the graves of other unknown martyrs, giving the abbey its name. According to legend,^[3]

Santander, c. 1590 – by Joris Hoefnagel

On July 11, 1187 King Alfonso VIII of Castile was appointed abbot of San Emeterio and lord and master of the town. His jurisdiction tended to facilitate maritime traffic, fishing and trade, activities that contributed to the Abbey by means of taxation. Other local economic activities included wine growing and making pickles.

During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the population was contained within the walls of two different pueblas. La Puebla, the oldest, on the hill overlooking the city facing the bay, included the old castle, the Abbey of the Holy Bodies and the cloister. It had three rows of houses, separated by Rua Carnicerias and Rua Mayor, where the homes of prominent people of the town were, as well as those of the Abbot's canons. Meanwhile, the Puebla Nueva contained the convent of Santa Clara and San Francisco, which gave its name to one of the main streets; other important streets were the Rua de la Sal, The cavalcade Palace, Ribera, Don Gutierre, Puerta de la Sierra, Gallows and the Arcillero Rua. The two pueblas were joined by a bridge over the river that divided Becedo and flowed down to the shipyards, which were ordered by the king to take timber from the Cantabrian forests for shipbuilding. The villa was required to give the monarchy a ship per year.

The city owes its existence to the excellent harbour of the Bay of Santander. Santander was an important port for Castile in the later Middle Ages, and also for trade with the New World. It officially became a city in 1755.^[4]

Great fire of 1941

See also (Spanish): Incendio de Santander

Santander fell victim to a great fire^[5] in 1941. Fanned by a strong south wind, the fire burned for two days. The fire started in Cádiz Street, next to the harbour, the Cathedral and the medieval quarter.^[6] The fire destroyed the Old Town Hall, Jesús de Monasterio and Vargas streets and Atarazanas square buildings. It led to a major change in the architecture of Santander, away from the older small stone and wood buildings with balconies to the enormous blocks of flats built during the reconstruction. In 1942 the old stations (Estación del Norte and Estación de Bilbao) were demolished and the new station was built, so in the zone affected by the fire, only the old Bank of Spain, the Porticada Square, the Market of La Esperanza, the Post Office, the New Town Hall and some small streets with old buildings survived.

There was only one casualty of the fire, a firefighter from Madrid killed in the line of duty, but thousands of families were left homeless and the city was plunged into chaos. The fire destroyed the greater part of the medieval town centre and gutted the city's Romanesque cathedral.^[7]

In the early 20th century Santander became the favoured summer residence of King Alfonso XIII, who built the Palacio de la Magdalena as the residence of the royal family during the holidays. The city gained great popularity from this and from the 19th century enthusiasm for sea bathing, and it remains popular with the Spanish for beach holidays today. During this period, Santander was (like the rest of the northern cities) a very important economic centre. It had one of the biggest harbours and was connected by rail to the rest of Spain.

Geography

Towns

The municipality of Santander has included, since 2009, the city of Santander and the urban areas of Cueto, Monte, Peñacastillo, and San Román, places that were once villages but are increasingly being assimilated into the city centre. Santander and these towns have several neighbourhoods that are not separately administered and do not have specified boundaries but some of which do have a certain personality that differentiates them from other areas of the city. Currently the city of Santander is working to adapt the municipality to the law of large cities and thus decentralise power in several districts.

Beach of El Sardinero

Beach of Los Peligros

Climate

The climate of Santander is oceanic (Köppen climate classification Cfb), the annual thermal oscillation of the average monthly temperatures reaching around 10 °C (50 °F).

Humidity is quite high throughout the year and sometimes reaches more than 90%. Average daily maximum temperatures vary from 24 °C (75 °F) in summer down to 13 °C (55 °F) in winter. Summer temperatures are much cooler than in the more southern large cities of Spain, but are typical of the Atlantic coastline. In general however, summers are warmer than further west on the northern coastline. The damp, mild winters are more typical of the mediterranean climate but the frequent precipitation in summer prevents Santander and the northern coast being classified as cool-summer mediterranean, despite having similar temperatures to many such areas. As regards to daytime temperatures, summers in Santander are similar to areas of Northern France, Southern Britain, and continental Northern Europe, and comparable to spring-like conditions along the Spanish mediterranean.

The maximum temperature reached in Santander Airport was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on 27 June 2009, and the minimum temperature −5.4 °C (22 °F) on 21 January 1957. The warmest maximum daytime average for a month was in August 2003, with 27.1 °C (80.8 °F).^[8] Subtropical months (mean above 22 °C (72 °F)) are however rare. Another weather station recorded 40.2 °C (104 °F) on 17 August 1943.^[9]

Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. With just around 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander is about as sunny as London and Paris, and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions.

Tourism

The bars and restaurants of the old town are popular with tourists, as well as the El Sardinero beach a couple of kilometres away.^[11]

Politics and government

City Council

Since June 2007, Iñigo de la Serna, of the People's Party (conservative) has served as Mayor of Santander. The most important political parties in the local area, in addition to the PP, are the Socialist Party of Cantabria - PSOE (social democrat), whose current spokesman is Jesús Cabezón Alonso, and the Regionalist Party of Cantabria with Rafael de la Sierra González. Throughout its history the most influential political parties have been of the ideological right wing, especially the PP.

The Governing Board, chaired by the mayor, is currently composed of 18 PP councillors. The municipal council consists of 27 members, 13 of the PP, 5 of the PSC-PSOE, 4 of the PRC, 2 of the Citizens, 2 of Ganemos, and 2 of the United Left. The following tables show the results of municipal elections in 2003 and 2007.^[12]

Economy

As a service centre at the regional level, Santander contains important public institutions and private organisations with a large number of employees, including Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, the University of Cantabria and Grupo Santander. Activities related to culture, leisure and tourism are an important part of the city's economy, and the regional and municipal authorities look to augment the summer tourist trade with additional offerings, including conventions, conferences, cultural festivals and cruises. Banco Santander, Spain's largest bank and corporation, is headquartered here.

Demography

As of 2004, Santander has a population of 183,800. The number has remained fairly steady since 1981. Spain's low fecundity rate and aging population have combined with rising immigration figures to keep the population growth fairly stagnant.

Heritage

Santander Cathedral

Gran Casino del Sardinero

Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor

In this municipality, there are many bienes de interés cultural:

• Santander Cathedral, with the rank of monument
• Regional Museum of Prehistory and Archaeology of Cantabria, monument, which also includes two heritages of special protection, the Pátera de Otañes and the Early medieval treasure of Ambojo of Pedreña
• Museum of Fine Arts of Santander, monument
• Tower, walls and monuments of la Casa Noble de los Riva-Herrera, in Pronillo, monument
• Palacio de la Magdalena and its gardens, monument
• Library and casa-museum of Menéndez Pelayo, monument
• Convent of las Madres Clarisas de Santa Cruz (formerly a tobacco factory), monument
• Former Hospital of San Rafael (home of the Regional Assembly of Cantabria), monument
• Mercado del Este, monument
• Iglesia de Santa Lucía, monument
• Parroquia de la Anunciación (La Compañía), monument
• The Dam of Gamazo, monument.
• Seminario de Monte Corbán, monument
• Paseo de Pereda, with historical category
• An area of "El Sardinero", the historic district
• Iglesia de San Francisco, artistic and religious heritage of Cantabria
• Cartulary of San Salvador de Oña (Burgos), personal property kept in the Provincial Historic Archive of Santander
• Cartulary of the Monastery of Santa María de Piasca, heritage preserved in the Library of Santander

The city

Famous people

• Seve Ballesteros (1957–2011), golfer
• María Gutiérrez Blanchard (1881–1932), painter
• José Luis Zamanillo (1903–1980), Carlist politician
• Matilde Camus (1919–2012), poet
• Emilio Botín (1934–2014), banker
• Iván Helguera (born 1975), football player
• Pedro Munitis (born 1975), football player
• Eduardo Noriega (born 1973), actor
• Iván de la Peña (born 1976), football player
• Fernando San Emeterio (born 1984), basketball player
• Sergio Canales (born 1991), football player

Urban growth

• 
  View of the bay of Santander.

Currently the growth of port activity, increased value-added traffic (vehicles and containers of mostly liquids and solids) for storage requiring a lot of already scarce ground, and insufficient depth for some types of ships, is forcing the Port Authority to consider the long-term construction of a port outside the bay. On 29 June 2005 Santander celebrated the 250th anniversary of the granting of the title of "City."

Paseo de Pereda with the Palacete del Embarcadero to the right.

Main sights

Downtown building

Building of Bank of Santander, where it originated and where it has its registered office.

First beach of El Sardinero. In the background the Sardinero Hotel located in the Plaza de Italia, which dominates the view of the sand.

• The Cathedral of Santander:^[13]
  • The lower temple, called "cripta del Cristo" was built around 1200 on other earlier Roman buildings. It is 31 meters long and 18 wide, organised into three naves. Its style is a transition from romanesque to gothic and is accessed by two doors of late romanesque. Here the remains of the Holy Martyrs (Emeterius and Celedonius) are kept, which reached Portus Victoriae (the ancient Roman Santander) by boat.
  • The upper church was built between the late 13th and 14th century. After it was completed the gothic cloister was built.
• El Sardinero was in 1840 a rugged area of Santander environment.^[14] Since 1850, the first tourists started arriving and created some facilities (bath houses, eateries ...). Following the summer of Queen Isabella II in El Sardinero in 1861 and Amedeo of Savoy in 1872, the area acquired great fame and began to attract many tourists. There was a spectacular urban and cultural development with the construction of several hotels, inns, cafes, trains and trams arriving at El Sardinero.
• The Palacio de la Magdalena, eclectic style, English influenced, built in 1909 by public subscription as a gift for the Spanish Royal Family.^[15]
• El Hotel Real was opened in the summer of 1917, in a privileged location overlooking the bay and the open sea. It is a five-story building, with south porch on a high terrace. The style is modern with an air of eclecticism, by the architect González Riancho.^[16]
• Next to El Hotel Real stands the old house built for Don Adolfo Pardo from 1915–1918. Of mountain style with well marked tower, it was designed by the architect Gonzalez Riano and today is the palace of Emilio Botín García de los Ríos.
• The Gran Casino del Sardinero completed in 1916, has some relationship to El Hotel Real and is one of the symbols of the city. It has a terrace balcony which is accessed by a monumental staircase. The two-story central body is framed at the sides with two octagonal towers, covered by domes, whose edges involved, from top to bottom, shafts with capitals for each floor.^[17]
• The Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor presides over the entrance to the Bay of Santander.^[18] This privileged balcony overlooks the Cantabrian sea and in the city is now one of the most emblematic and evocative for citizens and visitors of Santander. Located in the extreme northeast of the city, the area where the Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor is located is part of a larger area consisting of the headlands of Cabo Mayor and Cabo Menor. The physical configuration of this space is defined by its particular geomorphology, marked by its beaches and cliffs of coastline and a rugged terrain with maximum dimensions of 50 m above sea level. Historically located on the outskirts of the city, the area of Cabo Mayor and Cabo Menor has applications and relevant functions: signal maritime defensive position, horse racing, camping, public park, golf course, etc. Thus it became a tourist landmark and one of the areas of greatest landscape and environmental variety.

Main streets, squares and parks

Monument to José María de Pereda in the gardens of the same name. The prints are seen around the bust of Pereda, depicting scenes from their works.

• Streets, avenues and boulevards:
  • Paseo de Pereda (The ancient pier is a promenade overlooking the bay and the towns of Somo and Pedreña. cafés can be found as old as "El Suizo" where, in the past, traders and military writers met, such as Pereda himself). The Gardens also have the same name (which, in turn, is the monument to the writer José María de Pereda, which contains references to his works).
  • Reina Victoria Avenue (location of chalets overlooking the bay. Through this street is access to the beach Los Peligros).
  • Paseo del General Dávila (El Alta) (former Meteorological Observatory of Santander, I.E.S. José María de Pereda, Conservatorio Jesús de Monasterio).
  • Paseo de Pérez Galdós.
  • Castelar Street. (Overlooking the bay, joins the Paseo de Pereda with Reina Victoria Avenue)
  • Calvo Sotelo Street (Ministry of Finance, Post).
  • Burgos Street (It is one of the oldest streets of the city. It may be considered part of the old part of town, although the first references to the street date from the mid-18th century. The title of Burgos Street was awarded in 1845. The pedestrian-only street has benefited the trade of the area and its residents. This street is the headquarters of the ONCE and the Plaza de Juan Carlos I).
  • San Fernando Street (Street with great traffic flow is the main gateway to the city center. The Plaza de las Cervezas is a pedestrian-only area which belongs to this street, named for the brewery (La Cruz Blanca) which stood there before its current disposition.)
  • Alameda de Oviedo (Paseo full of trees, runs from the streets of San Fernando and Vargas, parallel to them, between Cuatro Caminos and Numancia).
  • Avenida de los Castros (In this broad avenue are located most of the universities centres of the University of Cantabria).
• Parks and gardens:

Las Llamas Atlantic Park

• • Park of la Magdalena (Located on the Magdalena Peninsula, it is a major tourist spot thanks to the Palacio de la Magdalena, the tank seals and the old stables of the palace, where different college classes at UIMP are held.)
  • Las Llamas Atlantic Park (Open to the public on 11 May 2007, but today is still under construction. The park was initially budgeted at 22.5 million euros, but its price has risen 39.1% (8.8 million euros) for the incorporation of improvements).^[19]
  • Piquío Gardens (so called because they are shaped like the beak of a ship that "enters" into the sea, referring to the views offered at the end of the garden).
  • La Marga Park (located on the outskirts of the city, at the end of Castilla Street, named for the old timber that was placed there.)
• Squares:

Plaza de Pombo has traditionally been a meeting place and focus of collectors and children, to exchange stamps or stickers from various collections.

Plaza de Italia

Plaza de las Estaciones

• • Plaza del Ayuntamiento (City Council Square).
  • Plaza de Pedro Velarde (Pedro Velarde Square) or Plaza Porticada.
  • Plaza de Pombo (Pombo Square)
  • Plaza de Atarazanas (Shipyards Square) or Plaza de la Catedral.

Smart city

Santander is pilot for a Smart city. It is embedded with 12,000 sensors.^[20][21]

Education

First, the School of Navigation, part of the University of Cantabria, and in the background, the Palacio de Festivales de Cantabria.

• University of Cantabria is the largest university in Cantabria.
• European University of the Atlantic is a private university founded in 2013.
• Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP) specializes in teaching Spanish language and culture to foreign students.

Culture

Santander has a great tradition and cultural activity, with events that play an important role in cultural and social life of the city. UIMP is a major international summer university and organizes large festivals of music and dance. The Festival Internacional de Santander (FIS), Festival Internacional de Música de Órgano (FiMÓC), Encuentro de Música y Academia and the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition are main cultural events.

Museums and cultural centers

• Cantabrian Maritime Museum.
• Museum of Fine Arts.
• Regional Museum of Prehistory and Archaeology of Cantabria.
• Taurine Museum of Santander.
• Palace of Festivals of Cantabria.
• Palace of Exhibitions and Congress of Santander.
• Modesto Tapia Cultural Center.

Festivals

Bahía Hotel, Santander

'Cantabria Child Day' in the campa of la Magdalena.

Santander is a city of many festivals and pilgrimages, distributed across the various neighborhoods and areas of the city. Worthy of mention is the existence of many feasts of neighborhood character, such as those of Mendicoague, Perines, etc. The best known festivals in Santander and more tourist attraction, are:

• January 5: The Cavalcade of Magi covers a small part of the city, from the Palacio de Festivales to the Plaza del Ayuntamiento.
• The first Sunday of June: Cantabria Child Day is celebrated on Magdalena. It is a 'Regional Tourist Interest', an exaltation of the native, organized by the "Association for the Defence of the Interests of Cantabria" (ADIC), an association founded by Miguel Ángel Revilla. In this event are shown, among other things, an exhibition of "Aluche" (Ancient Cantabrian Fighting) and types of rural sports like milkmaid racing, archery, salto pasiego and wood chopping.
• Monday of Pentecost: Fiestas de la Virgen del Mar.
• June 24: The Bonfires of Saint John is celebrated in El Sardinero, particularly in the second beach of Sardinero. This festival celebrates the arrival of summer with a bonfire and a pilgrimage. In other parts of the municipality bonfires are also made, as in la Albericia and the Barrio Pesquero neighborhoods.
• July 25: Festivals of Saint James (Regional Tourist Interest).
• August 30: Feasts of the Holy Martyrs (Emeterius and Celedonius). Santander patrons.
• September 15: Fiestas de la Virgen de la Bien Aparecida, patroness of the Diocese of Santander and Cantabria ('Regional Tourist Interest'.)

Diet

Rabas, fried calamari.

Seafood paella.

Santander's cuisine is based mainly on seafood, for which it has a high reputation in the Iberian peninsula. A gastronomic tour could start at the Barrio Pesquero, continue through Puertochico, El Sardinero, and end at Corbán. Shellfish include amayuelas (clams) and morgueras (razor clams); fish include seabream, red mullet, anchovies, seabass and sardines; and there are also squid and cuttlefish.

Some typical dishes from the city of Santander are the fried calamari called rabas and double donuts, in addition to leading the aforementioned cocido montañés and fish and seafood dishes ranging from seabass and sardine to products such as the morguera. Santander's restaurants offer excellent local cuisine, based on its exquisite local produce.

Sports

Palacio de Deportes in El Sardinero next to the Campos de Sport de El Sardinero.

Sporting marina in Puertochico

Mataleñas municipal golf fields, in Cape Menor

In this city the Spanish first division Racing de Santander football team, one of the historic and certainly that was one of the founders of La Liga, play their home games at the Campos de Sport de El Sardinero. Racing de Santander has been 40 seasons in first division and 32 in second. In the 1930/1931 season, it finished second level on points with Athletic Club Bilbao (champion) and the Real Sociedad (third), that time was the one that came closest to winning the league championship.

A long tradition in the city was handball, with CB Cantabria as a banner that has taken the name of Santander in Europe and the world with the achievement of several international titles, the European Cup in 1994,the Recopa in 1990 and 1998 and the EHF Cup in 1993. Currently, the club is dissolved. The only team that has an important place in the national scene at the moment is the Adelma Santander 2016, belonging to the Handball Club Sinfín. It competes in the category of the División de Honor Plata (second division).

Some elite teams of Santander:

Panoramic view

View of the city from the Bay of Santander.

See also

• Nuevo Santander
• Cantabri

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santander.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Santander.

• Official tourism website
• Webcams de Santander y Cantabria — Live webcams Santander and Cantabria.
• Ayuntamiento de Santander — Official website of the Santander City Council (In Spanish).
• Webcam en Puertochico — Live webcam of Santander's Puertochico district.
• Tiempo y webcam de Santander desde El Sardinero — Live webcam and weather station at Sardinero beach

Municipalities of Cantabria
Alfoz de Lloredo Ampuero Anievas Arenas de Iguña Argoños Arnuero Arredondo El Astillero Bárcena de Cicero Bárcena de Pie de Concha Bareyo Cabezón de la Sal Cabezón de Liébana Cabuérniga Camaleño Camargo Campoo de Enmedio Campoo de Yuso Cartes Castañeda Celis Cieza Cillorigo de Liébana Colindres Comillas Los Corrales de Buelna Corvera de Toranzo Entrambasaguas Escalante Guriezo Hazas de Cesto Hermandad de Campoo de Suso Herrerías Lamasón Laredo Liendo Liérganes Limpias Luena Marina de Cudeyo Mazcuerras Medio Cudeyo Meruelo Miengo Miera Molledo Noja Penagos Peñarrubia Pesaguero Pesquera Piélagos Polaciones Polanco Potes Puente Viesgo Ramales de la Victoria Rasines Reinosa Reocín Ribamontán al Mar Ribamontán al Monte Rionansa Riotuerto Las Rozas de Valdearroyo Ruente Ruesga Ruiloba San Felices de Buelna San Miguel de Aguayo San Pedro del Romeral San Roque de Riomiera San Vicente de la Barquera Santa Cruz de Bezana Santa María de Cayón Santander Santillana del Mar Santiurde de Reinosa Santiurde de Toranzo Santoña Saro Selaya Soba Solórzano Suances Los Tojos Torrelavega Tresviso Tudanca Udías Val de San Vicente Valdáliga Valdeolea Valdeprado del Río Valderredible Valle de Villaverde Vega de Liébana Vega de Pas Villacarriedo Villaescusa Villafufre Voto

Capitals of provinces of Spain
A Coruña Albacete Alicante Almería Ávila Badajoz Barcelona Bilbao Burgos Cáceres Cádiz Castellón de la Plana Ciudad Real Córdoba Cuenca Donostia-San Sebastián Girona Granada Guadalajara Huelva Huesca Jaén Logroño Las Palmas León Lleida Lugo Madrid Málaga Murcia Ourense Oviedo Palencia Palma Pamplona Pontevedra Salamanca Santander Santa Cruz Segovia Seville Soria Tarragona Teruel Toledo Valencia Valladolid Vitoria-Gasteiz Zamora Zaragoza

Capitals of autonomous communities of Spain
Seville (Andalusia) Zaragoza (Aragon) Oviedo (Asturias) Palma (Balearic Islands) Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country) Santa Cruz & Las Palmas (Canary Islands) Santander (Cantabria) Toledo (Castile–La Mancha) Valladolid (de facto, Castile and León) Barcelona (Catalonia) Mérida (Extremadura) Santiago de Compostela (Galicia) Logroño (La Rioja) Madrid (Community of Madrid) Murcia (Region of Murcia) Pamplona (Navarre) Valencia (Valencian Community) Ceuta1 Melilla1
1 Autonomous cities.