Sangam (1964 Hindi film)

Sangam
Film Poster
Directed by	Raj Kapoor
Produced by	Raj Kapoor
Written by	Inder Raj Anand
Starring	Vyjayanthimala Raj Kapoor Rajendra Kumar
Narrated by	Raj Kapoor
Music by	Shankar Jaikishan
Cinematography	Radhu Karmakar
Edited by	Raj Kapoor
Production company	Mehboob Studio Filmistan
Distributed by	R. K. Films
Release dates	18 June 1964 (1964-06-18)
Running time	238 minutes
Country	India
Language	Hindi
Budget	1crore
Box office	12 crore

Sangam (Confluence) is a 1964 Bollywood Romance film written by Inder Raj Anand, produced and directed by Raj Kapoor. The film stars Vyjayanthimala in the lead role opposite Raj Kapoor and Rajendra Kumar with Iftekhar, Raj Mehra, Nana Palsikar, Lalita Pawar, Achala Sachdev and Hari Shivdasani appearing in supporting roles.

Sangam was Raj Kapoor's first colour film, distinguished by its technicolor and epic length (even by Bollywood standards). It is also considered the Magnum Opus or best work of Raj Kapoor.

It became a hit in India and is considered a classic today. One of the features of the film that became widely used later on in Bollywood is the use of foreign locales for on-location shooting, such as Venice, Paris, and Switzerland. This started the Bollywood trend of shooting songs sequences abroad (primarily in Switzerland), against the background of "exotic" landscapes.

Director Dasari Narayana Rao remade the film in Telugu and Kannada languages as Swapna.

Plot summary

Sundar (Raj Kapoor), Gopal (Rajendra Kumar) and Radha (Vyjayantimala) have been friends since childhood. As they grow into adults, Sundar develops an obsessive romantic attraction to Radha, but she prefers Gopal, who is also in love with her. Yet, as Sundar has confided his feelings for Radha to him, Gopal decides to sacrifice his love for his friend's sake. Radha systematically resists Sundar's overtures, but to no avail. For him, she is the only woman in the world. Matching Sundar's great love for Radha is his unswerving devotion to his friendship with Gopal.

Eventually, Sundar enlists in the Indian Air Force and is assigned to a military mission in Kashmir. Before leaving, he extracts a promise from Gopal, whom he trusts implicitly, never to let any man come between Radha and himself while he is away. Subsequently, Sundar's aircraft is shot down over Kashmir. He is listed as MIA and presumed dead. This news saddens Radha and Gopal, but they are nonetheless now free to profess their love for one another. Among other expressions of love, Gopal writes her an unsigned prem patra (love letter) which touches her particularly and which she hides away. Just when they begin taking steps to be married, Sundar returns, safe and sound. The self-effacing Gopal sacrifices himself once more, stepping back into the shadows, watching as the reborn Sundar resumes his wooing of Radha. Inevitably, the two marry.

After the couple returns from an extended European honeymoon, Sundar is deliriously happy. His life's dream has been realised. Radha is resolved to be faithful to her husband and to put Gopal out of her mind. She privately asks him to stay away from her and Sundar because of the torture his presence causes her. Sundar's devotion to Gopal, however, is such that he constantly tries to draw him into their life, much to Radha's chagrin. The perfection of their marital bliss is, however, shattered when Sundar accidentally discovers the unsigned love letter Gopal had written to Radha. Sundar is thunderstruck, and assumes that Radha has been unfaithful to him. Producing a pistol, he demands she divulge the name of the supposed lover and threatens to kill the man, but she refuses.

In the days that follow, Sundar becomes obsessed with discovering the identity of the letter's author and cannot return to normalcy. Radha's life becomes miserable, lived out against the incessant drama of Sundar's jealousy, threats, anger and fixation with the letter. Eventually unable to bear the wretchedness of her existence with Sundar any further, Radha flees to Gopal for help. Sundar takes the same route, unaware that Radha has gone to Gopal's house. There, matters come to a head. The overwrought Gopal admits his authorship of the infamous letter to Radha, an admission which almost destroys his friend. Gopal, perceiving no exit from the impasse at which the three have arrived, kills himself with Sundar's pistol. Radha and Sundar are finally reunited – in mourning.

Cast

• Raj Kapoor as Flight Lt. Sunder Khanna
• Vyjayanthimala as Radha Khanna
• Rajendra Kumar as Magistrate Gopal Verma
• Iftekhar as Indian Air Force Officer
• Raj Mehra as Judge Mehra
• Nana Palsikar as Nathu
• Lalita Pawar as Mrs. Verma
• Hari Shivdasani as Captain
• Achala Sachdev as Captain's wife
• Randhir Kapoor as Young Raj Kapoor

Analysis

This love triangle is a psychologically multifaceted tale about male bonding, the meaning of love and friendship. In the context of these relationships, Sundar is the one who is preventing the other two people's happiness and finally also thwarts his own. He appears as being naive and innocent, yet he seems adamant at only noticing things that suit his mindset. He is full of self-pity and bullies the others emotionally.

An important and critically regarded theme in the film is male bonding and the informal sharing of a woman between two male friends. Gopal indulges in his own "sacrifice", but never thinks of the woman's feelings he ostensibly loves.

Production

Development

In the late 1940s, Raj Kapoor planned to launch a film under the title of Gharonda with Dilip Kumar, Nargis and himself in the lead playing the central characters.^[1] The story was penned by Inder Raj Anand during the making of Kapoor's first directional film, Aag (1948).^[1] However the film was postponed for several reasons and was in development hell until 1962 where it was titled as Sangam with new cast and crews.^[1]

Casting

Initially Dilip Kumar was approached by Kapoor to play the role of Gopal Verma.^[1] Kumar agreed to play either one of the two male role with condition that he was given the right to edit the final copy of the film.^[1] Since Kapoor could not accept Kumar's condition, then approached Dev Anand for the role. The latter also declined the role citing call sheet problems as reason.^[1] Soon Rajendra Kumar was finalised for the role.^[1]

Soundtrack

The music for this film was composed by Shankar Jaikishan while the songs were written by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri. The soundtrack was listed by Planet Bollywood as number 8 on their list of 100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks.^[2]

Reception

Commercial response

Sangam was a success at the box office. Boxofficeindia.com reported the film had collected ₹80,000,000 and its nett collection, ₹40,000,000.^[3] Similarly, Boxofficeindia.co.in reported the film had the same box office collection while its adjust to inflation by comparing the collection with the price of Gold in 1964 is about ₹7,173,154,362 (US$110 million).^[4] On contrary to the both report, Ibosnetwork.com claim that Sangam grossed around ₹50,000,000 with its adjust to inflation grossed to ₹7,602,400,000 (US$110 million).^[5] By the end of its overall box office collection, Sangam was labelled as blockbuster at the box office where it was the highest-grossing film of the year.^[3]

Furthermore, Sangam also ranked as second highest-grossing film of the decade by Boxofficeindia.com behind Mughal-e-Azam where its adjusted to inflation nett gross reportedly is about ₹885,700,000 (US$13 million).^[6] The film was also ranked at fourth by Boxofficeindia.co.in in their list of "Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years" which feature all-time highest grossing Bollywood film by using the relative price of gold in different years to arrive at a hypothetical current value of box-office collections of past films.^[7]

Awards

Trivia

• Both Raj Kapoor and Rajendra Kumar were friends in real life; their children got engaged but they broke up and Kumar's son married Sunil Dutt's daughter^[11]
• Vyajanthimala reinvented herself in this film playing a modern Indian girl while appearing in revealing costumes and swimsuit.^[12][13]
• The Israeli film Desperado Square revolves around the revival of a long disused cinema with a showing of Sangam.^[14] The plot of 'Desperado Square' both parallels and serves as a tribute to Sangam.^[15][16]

See also

• Buddha Mil Gaya of the film.

References

External links

• Sangam at the Internet Movie Database