Saint Louis Cemetery

All Saints Day in New Orleans -- Decorating the Tombs in One of the City Cemeteries, an 1885 engraving.

Saint Louis Cemetery is the name of three Roman Catholic cemeteries in New Orleans, Louisiana. Most of the graves are above-ground vaults constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Cemeteries No. 1 and No. 2 are included on the National Register of Historic Places^[1] and the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.^[2]

Saint Louis No. 1

Vaults in Saint Louis No. 1

St. Louis Cemetery No. 1
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
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Location	Bounded by Basin, St. Louis, Conti, and Treme Sts., New Orleans, Louisiana
Coordinates	29°57′25″N 90°4′34″W / 29.95694°N 90.07611°W / 29.95694; -90.07611Coordinates: 29°57′25″N 90°4′34″W / 29.95694°N 90.07611°W / 29.95694; -90.07611
Built	1789
Architect	Foy,Florville; Monsseaux,P.H.
Architectural style	Neo-Classical
NRHP Reference #	75000855[3]
Added to NRHP	July 30, 1975

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Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1 with newly renovated vaults

St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 is the oldest and most famous. It was opened in 1789, replacing the city's older St. Peter Cemetery (no longer in existence) as the main burial ground when the city was redesigned after a fire in 1788.

It is 8 blocks from the Mississippi River, on the north side of Basin Street, one block beyond the inland border of the French Quarter. It borders the Iberville housing project. It has been in continuous use since its foundation. The nonprofit group Save Our Cemeteries and commercial businesses offer tours for a fee.

Famous New Orleanians buried in St. Louis No. 1 include Etienne de Boré, wealthy pioneer of the sugar industry and the first mayor of New Orleans; Homer Plessy, the plaintiff from the landmark 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision on civil rights; and Ernest N. "Dutch" Morial, the first African-American mayor of New Orleans.

The renowned Voodoo priestess Marie Laveau is believed to be interred in the Glapion family crypt. Other notable New Orleanians here include Bernard de Marigny, the French-Creole aristocrat and politician who founded both the Faubourg Marigny and Mandeville, Louisiana; Barthelemy Lafon, the architect and surveyor who allegedly became one of Jean Lafitte's pirates; and Paul Morphy, one of the earliest world champions of chess. Delphine LaLaurie, the notoriously cruel slave owner, is also believed to lie in rest here. Architect and engineer Benjamin Latrobe was buried at St. Louis No. 1 after dying from yellow fever in 1820, while doing engineering for the New Orleans water works. In 2010, actor Nicolas Cage purchased a pyramid-shaped tomb to be his future final resting place.^[4]

The cemetery spans just one square block but is the resting place of many thousands. A Protestant section (generally not vaulted) lies in the northwest section.

Effective March 1, 2015, the Roman Catholic Diocese of New Orleans, which owns and manages this cemetery, has closed it to the general public, ostensibly because of the rise in vandalism there. However, in a controversial move, the diocese is now charging tour companies for access ($4,500 per year, or lesser amounts for short periods). Families who own tombs can apply for a pass to visit.^[5]

Saint Louis No. 2

St. Louis Cemetery No. 2
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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Location	Bounded by Claiborne, Robertson, St. Louis, and Iberville St., New Orleans, Louisiana
Coordinates	29°57′38″N 90°4′32″W / 29.96056°N 90.07556°W / 29.96056; -90.07556
Built	1823
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Greek Revival, Exotic Revival, Gothic Revival
NRHP Reference #	75000856[3]
Added to NRHP	July 30, 1975

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St. Louis No. 2 is located some three blocks back from St. Louis No. 1, bordering Claiborne Avenue. It was consecrated in 1823. A number of notable jazz and rhythm & blues musicians are buried here, including Danny Barker and Ernie K. Doe. Also entombed here is Andre Cailloux (1825-1863), African-American Union hero and martyr of the American Civil War.

The cemetery received minor flooding during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and its tombs seemed virtually untouched by the storm when the water went down, aside from the brownish waterline visible on all structures that were flooded.

There are many notable citizens of 19th and 20th century New Orleans laid to rest here. These include the Venerable Mother Henriette DeLille, who is a candidate for sainthood by the Catholic Church, and Jean Baptiste Dupeire (1795–1874) prominent citizen of New Orleans, among others.

It was listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Other politicians and soldiers interred/entombed here:

• Jacques Villeré (1761-1830) of St. Bernard Parish, La. Second Governor of Louisiana after statehood, commander of the 1st Division, La. State Militia, at the Battle of New Orleans.
• Pierre Soulé (1801–1870) of New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La. Born in France. Member of Louisiana state senate, 1845; U.S. Senator from Louisiana, 1847, 1849–53; U.S. Minister to Spain, 1853–55; officer in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Died in New Orleans.
• Charles Genois (c.1793-1866) of New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La. Whig Mayor of New Orleans, La., 1838-40.
• Robert Brown Elliott (1842–1884), also known as R. B. Elliott, of South Carolina. Born in Massachusetts, 1842. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from South Carolina, 1868 (alternate), 1880; member of South Carolina state legislature; U.S. Representative from South Carolina 3rd District, 1871-75. Black.
• Paul Capdevielle (1844–1922) of New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La. Born in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La. Mayor of New Orleans, La., 1900-04. Died in Bay St. Louis, Hancock County, Miss.
• Carleton Hunt (1836–1921) of Louisiana. Born in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La. Nephew of Theodore Gaillard Hunt. Democrat. Served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; U.S. Representative from Louisiana 1st District, 1883-85.
• Ignacy Szymański (1806–1874) was a Polish and American soldier. Born in New Orleans. He served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was appointed to colonel of Chalmette Regiment, mainly made of Scandinavian immigrants from the Louisiana State Militia.
• Dominique You (or Youx) (c.1775-1830) was a former privateer and Battle of New Orleans veteran.
• Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910) was the President of Haiti from December 1902 until December 1908. He seized power with the help of the United States, and declared oimself "President for Life" at age 87 in January 1908, and was exiled in December of that year.

Saint Louis No. 3

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St. Louis No. 3 is located some 2 miles (3.2 km) back from the French Quarter, some 30 blocks from the Mississippi, fronting Esplanade Avenue near Bayou St. John. It opened in 1854. The crypts on average are more elaborate than at the other St. Louis cemeteries, including a number of fine 19th century marble tombs. Those entombed include ragtime composer Paul Sarebresole, photographer E. J. Bellocq, and painter Ralston Crawford.

St. Louis No. 3 also includes a Greek Orthodox section. The cemetery was heavily flooded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, but its tombs escaped relatively unscathed. There was some plaster damage from debris.

See also

• Metairie Cemetery
• List of United States cemeteries

References

External links

• Clickable map of St. Louis No. 1