Rufus Anderson Lyman

Rufus Anderson Lyman
Born	(1842-06-23)June 23, 1842 Hilo, Hawaii
Died	July 4, 1910(1910-07-04) (aged 68) Hilo
Nationality	Kingdom of Hawaii, United States
Occupation	Judge and Politician
Spouse(s)	Rebecca Brickwood (born Hualani Ahung)
Children	15
Parent(s)	David Belden Lyman Sarah Joiner

Rufus Anderson Lyman (June 23, 1842 – July 4, 1910) was a son of a missionary who became a lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii, founded the Paʻauhau Sugar Plantation Company, and had many notable descendants.

Life

He was born on June 23, 1842 at Hilo and died July 4, 1910 at Hilo. His mother was Sarah Joiner (1805–1885) and father was David Belden Lyman (1803–1883), missionaries in the fifth company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was the namesake of Rev Rufus Anderson who was foreign secretary of the mission board and visited his parent's mission in 1863.^[1] He attended Punahou School from 1856 to 1862 (as would ten of his children).^[2] Rufus Lyman married Hualani Ahung (1844–1906) who had a Chinese father and Cherokee-Hawaiian mother. As customary at the time, she also took a Christian first name for her baptism. Her mother, a descendant of King Kūaliʻi of Oʻahu, remarried Honolulu postmaster Arthur. P. Brickwood, so Hualani's name was anglicized to "Rebecca Brickwood" on official records for their wedding in 1866.^[3] Her Hawaiian name comes from hua lani which means "offspring from heaven" in the Hawaiian language.^[4][5] They had fifteen children, many of whom would become influential in different ways.

Lyman's wife Hualani Ahung was part Chinese, part Hawaiian, and part Cherokee.

Inheriting his mother's interest in observing nearby volcanoes, Lyman developed a theory for the formation of lava tree molds discovered on the ranch of fellow missionary son William Herbert Shipman (who also married the daughter of Hawaiian nobility).^[6] This area is now Lava Tree State Monument. Rufus Anderson became circuit judge in 1866, lieutenant governor of the island in 1868, and served on several other boards and commissions.^[7] While working with the Royal Governor Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani, he became her business advisor, helping her build one of the largest land holdings in the islands. He became tax assessor and collected both taxes and rents on the crown lands.^[8] He became friends with King Kamehameha V and wrote a short biography of the king.^[9]

Planter

In 1878 the family moved to the Hāmākua district and opened the sugarcane plantation in Paʻauhau. His business partners were Samuel Parker, William G. Irwin, and Claus Spreckels. It was headquartered at coordinates 20°5′9″N 155°26′6″W / 20.08583°N 155.43500°W / 20.08583; -155.43500 ("Paauhau"), on a cliff about 300 feet (100m) above the ocean. Fields reached up the slopes of Mauna Kea, with an innovative transportation system. It became one of the first fully irrigated plantations in 1911.^[10] A small town for worker housing grew up above the mill. He opened the first post office in Hāmākua and served as its postmaster.^[11] The company was sold to Honokaʻa Sugar Company in 1972, and it shut down in 1994.

He was called to testify on conditions in Hawaii when a committee of the United States Senate visited Hawaiʻi island after the annexation. He was in favor of building a breakwater on Hilo Bay. he made clear he was not involved in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, but favored annexation over the Republic of Hawaii. He favored encouraging settlers to live on their own land, instead of the system that encouraged speculation.^[8]

Children

Henry Joiner Lyman

Norman K. Lyman

Daughter Lilian Louisa Hanakahi Lyman, was born November 2, 1866 and died June 5, 1894. Son Rufus Anderson Jr. (or Rufus Anderson Mahaiula) Lyman, was born January 14, 1868 and died August 20, 1933. Arthur Brickwood Keonelehua Lyman was born June 12, 1869 and died August 5, 1871.^[12]

Son Henry Joiner Kaleiokalani Lyman was born December 18, 1870. He became county supervisor for the Puna district in 1912 and elected to the territorial House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921.^[13] He died on October 29, 1932.

Son Richard Jewell Kahekili Lyman was born August 13, 1872 married Phoebe Hoakalie Williams in 1902, and died on December 10, 1954. Richard Jewell Hailihiwaokalani also known as Richard J. Lyman Jr. (1903–1988) was a member of the 1950 Constitutional Convention, and first State Senate 1959–1962.^[14] Richard J. Jr was appointed to a lifetime term as trustee of the Kamehameha Schools in 1959.^[15] Richard J. Lyman Jr. was named a Living Treasures of Hawai'i in 1982, and an award at the Kamehameha Schools Song Contest, ʻŌlelo Makuahine was named for him in 1989.^[16]

Son Norman Kalanilehua Lyman was born March 28, 1875. He married Emmeline Brown, was elected to the territorial House of Representatives from 1913 to 1927.^[17] He died on July 22, 1936.

Son Eugene Hollis Kekahuna Lyman was born on January 5, 1876 and died on March 22, 1931.

Son David Belden Kuaʻana Lyman was born on December 13, 1876 and died on April 4, 1953 in Honolulu. His son David Belden Kuaʻana Lyman Jr. was born on January 9, 1913, died March 23, 1970, and was buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.^[18]

Muriel Constance Kaniu Hualani Lyman born October 25, 1878 in Paʻauhau and died April 9, 1883. Sarah Irene Beatrice Laamaikahiki was born on April 30, 1880, and died in 1966.

Clarence Kumukoa Lyman was born February 28, 1882, was the first Hawaiian admitted to U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He died May 16, 1915, from an injury during a polo match.^{[19]:1178–1179}

Rebekkah Agnes Lyman was born October 21, 1883 and died soon after on October 31, 1883.

Son Albert Kualiʻi Brickwood Lyman was born May 5, 1885, graduated from West Point in 1909, and served as an officer of the U.S. Army the rest of his life.^{[19]:1414–1415} Over 35 years, he was posted in Panama, France, Cuba and Philippines. In May 1940 as Colonel he was assigned to Schofield Barracks, commanding the 34th Engineer Combat Regiment of the 804th Engineer Aviation Battalion and 3rd Engineer Combat Battalion of the 25th Infantry Division. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 804th Engineers worked to salvage Wheeler Army Airfield, and the 3rd Engineers worked on defenses for the expected invasion. Albert was promoted to Brigadier General only a few days before his death August 13, 1942, and had the Hilo International Airport named after him (later the name was applied to a new terminal building).^[20][21]

West Point graduates Clarence, Albert, and Charles Lyman

Son Charles Reed Bishop Lyman, born August 20, 1888 graduated from West Point in 1913^[19]:1655 where he played on the football team.^[22] He was namesake of Charles Reed Bishop who founded a system of boarding schools based on the one founded by Rufus Lyman's parents, using an endowment that included the property of Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani. He married Polly Richmond (1907–2004). In July 1942, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Charles, a full colonel, was appointed military governor of the islands of Maui, Lānaʻi and Molokaʻi. Charles was promoted to brigadier general in 1944 and commanded a brigade of the 32nd Infantry Division. In June 1945 he deployed in the Battle of Leyte and Battle of Luzon in the Philippines. He participated in the signing of the peace treaty at Baguio City.^[23] He retired to West Chester, Pennsylvania and died April 15, 1981. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.^[24][25] His grandson continued operating his horse ranch called "Maui Meadow Farm".^[26]

Lewis Thorton Lyman was born September 20, 1891 and died October 13, 1948.

Albert and Charles were the first Hawaiians (and perhaps mixed-race Asian Americans) to become Generals in the U.S. Army.^[27]

References

Further reading

• Margaret Greer Martin, ed. (1979). The Lymans of Hilo: Part One, Compiled from the Journal and Letters of Sarah Joiner Lyman. Lyman House Memorial Museum, Hilo. 
• J. Arthur Rath (2005). Lost generations:A Boy, a School, a Princess. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3010-6.  (Author is great-grandson of Hualani Ahung and Rufus Anderson Lyman)