Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow

Rolls Royce Silver Shadow
Overview
Manufacturer	Rolls-Royce Ltd (1965–1973) Rolls-Royce Motors (1973–1980)
Also called	Silver Wraith II
Production	1965–1980 30,057 produced
Assembly	Crewe, England
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door cabriolet 4-door saloon
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Related	Bentley T-series Rolls-Royce Camargue Rolls-Royce Corniche
Powertrain
Engine	6230 cc L410 V8 (1965–70) 6750 cc L410 V8 (1970–80)
Transmission	4-speed Hydramatic automatic (1965–70; UK only) 3-speed THM 400 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	119.5 in (3,035 mm)[1] 123.5 in (3,137 mm) (LWB)
Length	203.5 in (5,169 mm)
Width	71 in (1,803 mm)
Height	59.75 in (1,518 mm)
Kerb weight	4,648 lb (2,108 kg)
Chronology
Predecessor	Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud III
Successor	Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit

The Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow is a luxury car that was produced in the United Kingdom in various forms from 1965 to 1980. It was the first Rolls-Royce to use a monocoque chassis, a response to concerns that the company was falling behind in automotive innovation.

To date, the Silver Shadow has the largest production volume of any Rolls-Royce.

Overview

Following in the manufacturer's tradition of building luxury vehicles, the standard wheelbase Silver Shadow measured 224 inches (5,700 mm), 4,700 lb (2,100 kg) and had a book price of £6,557^[2] in the first year of production.

The Silver Shadow was produced from 1965 to 1976, and the Silver Shadow II from 1977 to 1980.

Naming

Initially, the model was planned to be called "Silver Mist",^[3] a natural progression from its predecessor Silver Cloud. The name was changed to "Silver Shadow" after realizing that "Mist" is the German word for manure, rubbish, or dirt.

Design and engineering

Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow I

The design was a major departure from its predecessor, the Silver Cloud; although several styling cues from the Silver Cloud were modified and preserved, as the automobile had sold well. The John Polwhele Blatchley design was the firm's first single bow model. More than 50% of its predecessor had been sold on the domestic market where, by the standards of much of Europe and most of North America, roads were narrow and crowded.^[4] The original Shadow was 3 ¹⁄₂ inches (8.9 cm) narrower and 7 inches (18 cm) shorter than the car it replaced, but nevertheless managed to offer increased passenger and luggage space thanks to more efficient packaging made possible by unitary ("monocoque") construction.^[4]

Aside from a more modern appearance and construction, the Silver Shadow introduced many new features such as disc rather than drum brakes, and independent rear suspension, rather than the outdated live axle design of previous cars.

1972 Silver Shadow, interior view

The side view of "Spirit of Ecstasy" on a Rolls-Royce 1972 Silver Shadow.

The Shadow featured a 172 hp (128 kW) 6.2 L V8 from 1965 to 1969, and a 189 hp (141 kW) 6.75 L V8 from 1970 to 1980. Both powerplants were coupled to a General Motors-sourced Turbo Hydramatic 400 automatic transmission, except on pre-1970 right-hand-drive models, which used the same 4-speed automatic gearbox as the Silver Cloud (also sourced from General Motors, the Hydramatic).

The car's most innovative feature was a high-pressure hydraulic system licensed from Citroën, with dual-circuit braking and hydraulic self-levelling suspension. At first, both the front and rear of the car were controlled by the leveling system; the front levelling was deleted in 1969 as it had been determined that the rear levelling did almost all the work.^[5] Rolls-Royce achieved a high degree of ride quality with this arrangement.

Silver Shadow II

1979 Silver Shadow II

The upper front grill of the 1972 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow, showing the Rolls-Royce logo and the "Spirit of Ecstasy".

In 1977, the model was renamed the Silver Shadow II in recognition of several major changes, most notably rack and pinion steering; modifications to the front suspension improved handling markedly.

Externally, the bumpers were changed from chrome to alloy and rubber starting with the late 1976 Silver Shadows. These new energy absorbing bumpers had been used in the United States since 1974, as a response to tightening safety standards there. Nonetheless, the bumpers on cars sold outside of North America were still solidly mounted and protruded 2 in (5 cm) less.^[6] Also now made standard across the board was the deletion of the small grilles mounted beneath the headlamps. Outside of North America, where tall kerbs and the like demanded more ground clearance, a front skirt was also fitted to the Silver Shadow II and its sister cars.

In 1979 75 Silver Shadow II cars were specially fitted to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the company with the original red "RR" badges front and rear, pewter/silver paint, gray leather with red piping, scarlet red carpets, and a silver commemorative placard on the inside of the glove box door. 33 75th anniversary cars were designated for and shipped to the North American market.

Long-wheelbase variant

A long-wheelbase variant, some 4 inches longer to provide additional rear seat legroom, was offered in the United States from May 1969, and available to domestic customers from early 1970.^[7] A pilot series of ten long wheelbase cars had been built in 1967 and sold, one of them to Princess Margaret.^[8] Some long-wheelbase models were fitted with a privacy glass divider. Outside of North America, the cars with a divider were fitted with a separate air conditioning unit mounted in the trunk - North American safety laws made this impossible, as the petrol tank would have had to be relocated. The cars with a divider lost the entire gain in wheelbase. The glass divider was electrically retractable.

Silver Wraith II

Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith II (North America)

Rear view of Silver Wraith II, showing opera window

Initially, the long-wheelbase model did not have a separate name, but in 1976, with the introduction of the Silver Shadow II, the longer car was dubbed the Silver Wraith II.

The Wraith II is identified by all alterations found on the Silver Shadow II and additionally an Everflex-covered roof (also available as an option on the Silver Shadow II), a smaller rear opera-style window (some customers deleted the smaller back window: for example Joe Bamford of JCB) and different wheel covers. Some Silver Wraith IIs were also fitted with electric divisions which took up the extra four inches of leg room in the rear.

Silver Shadow two-door models

A two-door saloon was introduced early in 1966 followed by a convertible in 1967.^[9] There are two different versions for the two-door saloon, one by Mulliner Park Ward and the very rare James Young model which was only built in fifty examples comprising 35 Rolls-Royces and 15 Bentleys. The James Young version was discontinued in 1967, leaving only the curvier Mulliner Park Ward model. The convertible variant was marketed as the Silver Shadow Drophead Coupé.^[10]

• 
  1967 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow Two Door Saloon by James Young
• 
  1967 Silver Shadow Two Door Saloon by Mulliner Park Ward
• 
  1967 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow Drophead Coupé by Mulliner Park Ward

Corniche

In 1971 the Silver Shadow two door models were given the separate identity of Corniche (with either Rolls-Royce or Bentley badging), and eventually went on to outlive the Silver Shadow by some years with production lasting until 1982 for the coupé and 1996 for the convertible.

Camargue

Another coupé variant on the Shadow platform was the Camargue, with bodywork designed by the Italian firm Pininfarina, and production running from 1975 to 1986. The Camargue had the distinction of being the most expensive production Rolls-Royce.

Bentley models

A Bentley version of the Shadow, known as the Bentley T (and Bentley T2 from 1977), was also made. It was mechanically identical and differed only in the badging and design of the radiator shell. The more rounded radiator also required a slightly reshaped bonnet profile. Other modifications were only slight cosmetic ones, a different front bumper and hubcaps. Engine valve covers with a "Bentley" logo were only used when the factory had them available.

The long-wheelbase version of the Bentley T did not have a separate identity and was simply called T long-wheelbase or T2 long-wheelbase. Only a very few of these were built (9 and 10 examples respectively, less than 0.4% of the total long-wheelbase production) as most limousine buyers had a preference for the more prestigious Rolls-Royce brand.

All two-door cars were also available as Bentleys. However, only one example of a Bentley Camargue was ever produced.

Shadow-based Phantom VII

Rolls-Royce considered offering a Phantom VII model, based on the Silver Shadow, but production of the car was not pursued and no prototypes were built.^[11]

Silver Wraith II Stretch Limousine

The Rolls-Royce factory built a special stretch limousine in 1979. It was ordered by Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. The religious leader had a collection of 93 Rolls-Royce cars.

Production statistics

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow.

Literature

• Graham Robson: Rolls Royce Silver Shadow: The Complete Story, 1998, ISBN 1861261160.
• R. M. Clarke: Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow Ultimate Portfolio, 1999
• Bobbitt, Malcolm (1996), Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow, Bentley T-series, Camargue & Corniche (3rd (2004) ed.), Dorchester, Dorset, UK: Veloce, ISBN 1-904788-25-4 

External links

• Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow I
• Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow II
• Detailed descriptions (German)