Richard W. Dorgan

Richard W. Dorgan
Born 24 September 1892
San Francisco
Died 5 May 1953
Bayside, New York
Occupation Cartoonist
Spouse(s) Amelia Jane Murray
Children Richard W. Dorgan, Jr.
Signature

Richard William Dorgan, known as Dick Dorgan, was an American cartoonist, writer, and illustrator. His first known published work appeared in The New York Call in 1913. A wide variety of his early work was published in The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, 1918–1920.

He is remembered as the illustrator of Thorne Smith's first two novels, Biltmore Oswald (1918) and Out o' Luck (1919), as well as for his work as a columnist for Photoplay Magazine and newspaper artist in the 1920s and '30s.


Biography

Richard W. "Dick" Dorgan (24 September 1892 – 5 May 1953) was born in San Francisco, California,[1] one of 11 children[2]—six sons and five daughters—of Thomas J. and Anna R. Dorgan née Tobin.[3] He died at Bayside, New York.

By 1910, he was living in New York City, where he studied art at the National Academy and the Art Students League.[4] According to registration cards at the National Academy, "Dorgan of San Francisco" took life drawing classes in 1910 and 1911,[5] and, according to records at the Art Students League, he took an illustration class from September 1912 through May 1913.[6]

By October 1913, Dorgan was selling panel cartoons to The New York Call.

During World War I, Dorgan was a Seaman Second Class in the U.S. Naval Reserve Force, stationed at Pelham Bay, New York. He later lived in Bayside, New York, in the borough of Queens on Long Island.

On his World War I draft registration card (dated 5 June 1917), Dorgan reported his occupation as "Cartoonist."[1]

He was married to Amelia Jane Murray (8 October 1891 at New York City–20 February 1970 at Chappaqua, New York). They had one son, Richard W. Dorgan, Jr. (13 August 1921 at New York City–23 November 1988 at Mount Kisco, New York).

Family

His brother (and oldest sibling), Thomas Aloysius Dorgan (29 April 1877 – 2 May 1929), was a prominent cartoonist and creator of "Indoor Sports," as well as a well-known sportswriter. He signed his work with his initials ("Tad"), which became his nickname. After the death of their father (on 22 December 1901 at San Francisco), Tad became a father figure to his younger siblings. (He was 15 years older than his brother, Dick, and 17 years older than his youngest brother, Joe.)


Tad moved to New York "about 1905, joining the sporting staff of The Evening Journal."[7] At the time of his death, Tad lived in Great Neck, New York, on Long Island; his next-door neighbors were James J. Corbett, a friend from boyhood days in San Francisco, and Ring Lardner. According to The New York Times, "He had long been an outstanding figure in sports writing, owing to his keen observation and highly developed sense of humor."[7]

Tad Dorgan was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2007 in the category of "Observer"; that is, print and media journalists, publishers, writers, historians, photographers, and artists.[8]

His brother, John L. "Ike" Dorgan (15 April 1879 – 27 December 1960), was a bookbinder, boxing manager (for Harry Ebbets and Charles Francis "Frank" Moran, known as "The Fighting Dentist"), press agent (for boxing promoter George L. "Tex" Rickard),[9] and publicity manager for the Madison Square Garden. He was a founding partner of The Ring magazine in February 1922 and remained with this influential publication until his retirement in 1930.[10]

Ironically, Ike Dorgan has not yet been inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

His brother, Joseph V. "Joe" Dorgan (25 December 1894 – 8 May 1945), a cartoonist in his own right, was a Seaman Second Class in the U.S. Navy during World War I. Joe enlisted in October 1917 and was assigned to the USS SC-338 (a submarine chaser) by January 1918 at New York, where he was a member of the crew until the ship's return to New York in 1919. He kept a daily diary of events over this interval, annotated with cartoons and photographs, which was privately published in 1997 as The Guy Sleeping Over Me Is Misty in the Peak: World War One Naval Diaries of Joseph V. Dorgan.[11]

Career

Early work

Dorgan's first known published work, a political cartoon, appeared in The New York Call in October 1913. From 1913–ca. 1916, he published several "politicals" (as he called them) for The New York Call and The Lamb: A Magazine of Fun and Finance.[12]

One of Dorgan's drawings, "The Looter," won a Christmas contest sponsored by The New York Sun in 1913 and was published in that newspaper.[13]

In 1914, The New York Times announced that Richard Dorgan, which it identified as a "brother of T. A. Dorgan, who draws cartoons over the signature 'Tad,' won the prize for the best poster heralding the big carnival at Bayside."[14]

Not Now

Dorgan produced "Not Now," a comic strip for the Adams Newspaper Service, 8 W. 40th St., New York (ca. 1916).[4][15]

The Broadside

By 1918, Dorgan, now a member of the U.S. Naval Reserve Force stationed at the Naval Reserve Training Camp at Pelham Bay Park, New York, was producing artwork for The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force.

Cartoon panel from The Broadside, which illustrated the article, "Fighting Sailors of the Past and Present: Frank Moran," by Jim O'Boyle.[16] Dick's brother, Ike Dorgan, was Frank Moran's boxing manager.

In the seventh issue (10 May 1918), there was a short article announcing the departure of Homer Conant, "the man who has done so much in so short a time with his gifted pen to improve the appearance of The Broadside," and the arrival of W. C. Hoople, "an artist of wide repute and distinguished ability."[17]

Unheralded though it was, Dick Dorgan's first contribution to The Broadside—"A Boot's First Night on Guard," a one-panel cartoon—appeared in the same issue.[18]

Beginning with the eighth issue (24 May 1918), "Richard Dorgan (sea. 2)" was listed on the masthead of The Broadside as the fourth member of the Art Department, along with George Y. Shanks (b. m. 2), W. C. Hoople (sea. 2), and Jules Ruppert (sea. 2).[19] His second appearance in The Broadside was a two-page, eleven-panel comic-strip feature, "Sniping at the Sham Battle,"[20] which was inspired by the first sham battle of the season at the Naval Reserve Training Camp.

Among many other contributions to The Broadside, Dorgan illustrated the Biltmore Oswald stories by Thorne Smith, which were collected in two books, Biltmore Oswald: The Diary of a Hapless Recruit (1918) and Out o' Luck: Biltmore Oswald Very Much at Sea (1919).

Ring W. Lardner's Weekly Letter

Ringgold W. "Ring" Lardner (1885–1933) produced a syndicated column—usually referred to as "Ring Lardner's Weekly Letter"—for The Bell Syndicate, Inc., from 2 November 1919 through 20 March 1927.[21] These 374 weekly columns were illustrated by Dick Dorgan.

A complete bibliography of "Ring Lardner's Weekly Letter" is found in Ring W. Lardner: A Descriptive Bibliography by Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman, as entries E3149–E3522.[21] Examples include:

  • "Ring Lardner's Letter on Recipes with Kicks" (Sunday, 18 April 1920)[22]
  • "Lardner Writes of the Lady in Upper 9" (Sunday, 11 February 1923)[23]
  • "Dorgan's Fire, Buck's New House and an Anonymous Cow Add Thrills" (Sunday, 15 February 1925)[24]

According to Bruccoli (p. xv), "Lardner did not write the headlines for the columns, nor are the headlines consistent in subscribing newspapers." Appendix I in Bruccoli lists newspapers that are known to have subscribed to "Ring Lardner's Weekly Letter."[21]

Lardner was a next-door neighbor of Tad Dorgan's in Great Neck, New York, and Dick Dorgan's home in Bayside, New York, was not far away. Lardner devoted a substantial portion of the article, "Dorgan's Fire, ...," to an anecdote involving Dorgan—and Dorgan's illustration featured Dick Dorgan.

Dorgan's early work with Lardner was a preview of things to come. In early 1923, Dick Dorgan joined Lardner on the comic strip, "You Know Me Al."

Photoplay Magazine

In 1922, Dorgan's "slang reviews" of current moving pictures, which he illustrated, appeared in Photoplay Magazine:

  • "Giving 'The Sheik' the Once Over from the Ringside," a slang review of George Melford's The Sheik (1921)[25]
  • "Solving the Million Dollar Mystery: A Slang Review" of Erich von Stroheim's Foolish Wives (1922)[26]
  • "Bathing de Luxe on Saturday Night: A Slang Review" of Cecil B. DeMille's Saturday Night (1922)[27]
  • "The Loves of Pharaoh a la King: A Slang Review" of Ernst Lubitsch's Das Weib des Pharao—Pharaoh's Wife in English—(1922)[28]

In addition to the "slang review" of The Sheik, Dorgan wrote and illustrated a particularly infamous article on Rudolph Valentino.

The Sheik and Valentino

Dorgan capitalized on the furor created by The Sheik (1921). In "Giving 'The Sheik' the Once Over from the Ringside,"[25] Dorgan provided a lively, tongue-in-cheek summary of the movie, which never even mentioned its star, Rudolph Valentino. Emily W. Leider, one of Valentino's biographers, described Dorgan's "slang review" as an "extended rant, penned by 'Dick Dorgan' (probably a made-up name), ..."![29]

Leider correctly noted that Dorgan's "slang review" ("Giving 'The Sheik' the Once Over from Ringside") "assumed the breezy and slangy tone of a sportswriter reporting on a match between Lady Diana and Sheik Ahmed."[29] Leider then launched her own rant:

What really made Dorgan's blood boil was Valentino's beauty and allure. It was okay for Theda Bara, the raven-haired, racoon-eyed screen vamp whose name was supposed to be an anagram for "Arab death" ..., to assume exaggerated serpentine poses and be vaunted as the incarnation of libido run amuck. It was not okay if the vamp happened to be a gorgeous, erotically devastating foreign-born male. Within a few months of his mean-spirited spoof of The Sheik, Dorgan would use the columns of Photoplay—with a circulation of more than two million—to raise the volume of his rant on Valentino with "A Song of Hate."[29]

Dorgan's spoof of The Sheik was no more mean-spirited than any of his other "slang reviews," and his infamous "A Song of Hate"[30] was told with a broad wink:

I hate Valentino! All men hate Valentino. I hate his oriental optics; I hate his classic nose; I hate his Roman face; I hate his smile; I hate his glistening teeth; I hate his patent leather hair; I hate his Svengali glare; I hate him because he dances too well; I hate him because he's a slicker; I hate him because he's the great lover of the screen; I hate him because he's an embezzeler of hearts; I hate him because he's too apt in the art of osculation; I hate him because he's leading man for Gloria Swanson; I hate him because he's too good looking.

Ever since he came galloping in with the "Four Horseman" he has been the cause of more home cooked battle royals than they can print in the papers. The women are all dizzy over him. The men have formed a secret order (of which I am running for president and chief executioner as you may notice) to loathe, hate and despise him for obvious reasons.

What! Me jealous?—Oh, no—I just Hate Him.

Leider, who apparently was not familiar with the body of Dorgan's work, concluded: "Granted, there's a compliment imbedded in the ribbing; Dorgan hates Valentino because he's so irresistible and omnipresent. But there's plenty of genuine hostility mixed in."[29]

You Know Me Al

Dorgan was involved with "You Know Me Al" from March 1923 through May 1926. However, he had worked with Ring W. Lardner, the creator of "You Know Me Al," and The Bell Syndicate, Inc., since at least November 1919.

The Bell Syndicate bought the rights to adapt Ring Lardner's "The Busher's Letters" stories, which became the comic strip "You Know Me Al."

In a letter to the F. Scott Fitzgeralds (on 9 January 1925), Ring Lardner reported, "I have quit the strip and Dick Dorgan is doing it, with help from Tad."[31]

The strip was collected in the book, Ring Lardner's You Know Me Al: The Comic Strip Adventures of Jack Keefe (1979).[32]

Kid Dugan / Divot Diggers

Dorgan drew a daily panel about the boxer "Kid Dugan" in the late 1920s.[33] This panel cartoon might have been inspired by Frankie "Kid" Dugan, a welterweight from Memphis, Tennessee, who appeared in 32 bouts from 1919 to 1928.[34]

According to Bill Blackbeard:

A trace of [Dick's brother Tad's] famed adeptness with vernacular English is perceptible in Dick Dorgan's "Kid Dugan," a boxing strip of the mid-1920s which he developed out of ["You Know Me Al"] when Lardner left the strip.[35]

Circa 1929, the title changed to Divot Diggers, which was continued, first by Vic Forsythe, and then by Pete Llanuza, until 1940.

Colonel Gilfeather

From circa 1930–1932, Dorgan produced the daily panel "Colonel Gilfeather,"[36][37] which was syndicated by Associated Press Feature Service and appeared in about 80 newspapers.

The strip "Colonel Gilfeather" and/or its title character were described by Alexander Theroux as "a rather pale and derivative imitation of Major Hoople" (actually a reference to "Our Boarding House"; like many others today, Theroux mistook Major Amos B. Hoople's name for the feature's title).[38][39]

According to Donald D. Markstein, "Knock-offs, such as Associated Press's Mister Gilfeather [sic] ... began to proliferate" as a result of the success of "Our Boarding House."[39] In Dorgan family lore, Dick's wife, Amelia, stated that the idea for Major Hoople was taken from the "Colonel Gilfeather" strip. Of course, this story may reflect the righteous indignation of a loyal wife whose husband's work often seemed overlooked.[40]

Dorgan apparently left the strip in early 1932 and Alfred G. Caplin—now better known as Al Capp, the creator of "Li'l Abner"—was hired circa March 1932 to continue the feature.[33][38] According to Theroux, "Capp hated doing someone else's strip. After six months, he was replaced by an apprentice artist" at the Associate Press, Milton Caniff,[38] now better known as the creator of "Terry and the Pirates" and "Steve Canyon." Israel Shenker was more blunt:

In 1932, The Associated Press hired him [Capp] to draw "Mr. Gilfeather," a comic strip, and his best efforts failed. He quickly quit, or was dismissed, ....[41]

In his preface to Ring Lardner's You Know Me Al: The Comic Strip Adventures of Jack Keefe, Al Capp provided the following reminiscence:

A word about Dick Dorgan. As a kid, I had come to New York from Boston, with an armful of cartoons, one an imitation of the late, great Tad Dorgan. At the Associated Press an editor looked at them and said, "One hour ago Dick Dorgan resigned from a cartoon he was doing for us. Would you like to take a crack at it for fifty dollars a week?"

And so I spent my first months in New York imitating Dick Dorgan, who imitated his brother Tad. But did he? He had the same perception, but he wasn't as broad. Was he more subtle? Or couldn't he draw at all? ... I don't know.[42]

In "Colonel Gilfeather," Capp (who reportedly hated the Colonel) shifted the attention to the Colonel's younger brother, Mister Gilfeather, and changed the name of the strip accordingly. In 1933, Caniff changed the whole focus of the feature and gave it a new title, "The Gay Thirties."

Newspaper comics in summary

Title Format Dates Syndicate Notes
Not Now Strip ca. 1916–1917 Adams Newspaper Service, 8 W. 40th St., New York Syndicate's name was changed to the George Matthew Adams Service after 1916
You Know Me Al Strip March 1923 – May 1926 The Bell Syndicate, Inc. Strip began in September 1922 with Will B. Johnstone as artist
Kid Dugan Panel ca. 1926–1929 Title changed to "Divot Diggers," ca. 1929
Divot Diggers ca. 1929–? Continued, first by Vic Forsythe, and then by Pete Llanuza, until 1940
Colonel Gilfeather Panel ca. 1930–1932 Associated Press Feature Service Continued by Alfred G. Caplin (Al Capp) from March–September 1932, who changed focus and title to "Mister Gilfeather"
Continued by Milton Caniff from 12 September 1932 – May 1933, who changed focus and title to "The Gay Thirties," effective 4 May 1933
Pop's Night Out Strip July 1936 – March 1937 Syndicated Features Corp.[43] Color strip; reprinted in Best Comics, no. 1 (November 1939)–no. 4 (February 1940)
Dawgs Strip n.d.

References

  1. 1 2 World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918. Registration Location: Queens County, New York; Roll: 1818488; Draft Board: 185. Source Information: Ancestry.com. World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918 [database on-line]. Provo, Utah: The Generations Network, Inc., 2005. Original data: United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls. Imaged from Family History Library microfilm.
  2. ↑ Dick Dorgan and his siblings:
    The Children of Thomas J. and Anna R. Dorgan née Tobin
    Name Nickname Birth Death
    Thomas Aloysius Dorgan Tad 29 April 1877 2 May 1929
    San Francisco CA Great Neck NY
    John Leo Dorgan Ike 15 April 1879 27 December 1960
    San Francisco CA Bayside NY
    Catherine Dorgan 13 November 1880
    San Francisco CA
    Marie Helen Dorgan 20 February 1882 20 May 1939
    San Francisco CA Cincinnati OH
    Charles James Dorgan 16 June 1883 28 September 1922
    San Francisco CA Colfax CA
    Edwin Joseph Dorgan 27 November 1885 31 October 1956
    San Francisco CA Flushing NY
    Anna Loretta Dorgan Nan 14 January 1888 1 June 1967
    San Francisco CA Bayside NY
    Irene Dorgan Eileen / Eile 12 September 1890 5 October 1945
    San Francisco CA Flushing NY
    Richard William Dorgan Dick 24 September 1892 5 May 1953
    San Francisco CA Bayside NY
    Joseph Vincent Dorgan Joe 25 December 1894 8 August 1945
    San Francisco CA Bayside NY
    Alice Anita Dorgan 19 April 1898 15 November 1963
    San Francisco CA Bayside NY
  3. ↑ Twelfth Census of the United States
  4. 1 2 "Dorgan" [promotional announcement]. The Adams Newspaper Service, n.d.
  5. ↑ Letter to George H. Scheetz from Laura Zelasnic, Project Archivist, National Academy Museum and School of Fine Arts (11 June 2009)
  6. ↑ Letter to George H. Scheetz from Stephanie Cassidy, Editor & Archivist, Art Students League of New York (16 June 2009)
  7. 1 2 "'Tad,' Cartoonist, Dies in His Sleep: Thomas A. Dorgan, Famous for His 'Indoor Sports,' Victim of Heart Disease." The New York Times, 3 May 1929, p. 21.
  8. ↑ International Boxing Hall of Fame: Observers
  9. ↑ Roberts, Randy. Jack Dempsey: The Manassa Mauler. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2003, p. 140. ISBN 978-0-252-07148-5
  10. ↑ "Ike Dorgan" in BoxRec (Boxing Records Archive) Boxing Encyclopaedia
  11. ↑ Dorgan, Joseph V. The Guy Sleeping Over Me Is Misty in the Peak: World War One Naval Diaries of Joseph V. Dorgan. Edited by Douglas N. Travers. San Antonio, 1997. 373 pp. ISBN 978-1-929013-00-5
  12. ↑ The Lamb: A Magazine of Fun and Finance. New York: Plummer Publishing Co., vol. 1, no. 1 (13 May 1916)–vol. 2, no. 11 (29 September 1917).
  13. ↑ The New York Sun, n.d. [ca. Christmas 1913]
  14. ↑ The New York Times, Monday, 28 September 1914, p. 13
  15. ↑ George Matthew Adams (1878–1962) was a newspaper columnist, author, and publisher who founded the Adams Newspaper Service in 1907, which branched out into comics in 1910 with the "Abe Martin" panel. The syndicate's name was changed to the George Matthew Adams Service after 1916.
  16. ↑ The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, I:11 (5 July 1918):14
  17. ↑ "Hail and Farewell." The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, 1:7 (10 May 1918): 8.
  18. ↑ Dorgan, Dick. "A Boot's First Night on Guard." The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, 1:7 (10 May 1918): 13.
  19. ↑ The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, I (24 May 1918): 8
  20. ↑ The Broadside: A Journal for the Naval Reserve Force, I (24 May 1918): 12–13
  21. 1 2 3 Bruccoli, Matthew J., and Richard Layman. Ring W. Lardner: A Descriptive Bibliography. (Pittsburgh Series in Bibliography.) Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1976. ISBN 0-8229-3306-3
  22. ↑ Lardner, Ring W. "Ring Lardner's Letter on Recipes with Kicks." Illustrated by Dick Dorgan. The Atlanta Journal, Sunday, 18 April 1920, p. 7. Bruccoli E3173
  23. ↑ Lardner, Ring. "Lardner Writes of the Lady in Upper 9." [Galley proof.] Illustrated by Dick Dorgan. Set for release on Sunday, 11 February 1923, or Saturday, 10 February 1923, for newspapers with no Sunday edition. The Bell Syndicate, Inc. Bruccoli E3320
  24. ↑ Lardner, Ring W. "Dorgan's Fire, Buck's New House and an Anonymous Cow Add Thrills." Illustrated by Dick Dorgan. San Francisco Examiner, Sunday, 15 February 1925, p. E3. Reprinted as "The Season Is On: Things Have Been Happening Out Great Neck Way" (n.d.)—the copy examined was a newspaper reprint billed as "A Ring Lardner Classic," ca. 1949–1953. Bruccoli E3414
  25. 1 2 Dorgan, Dick. "Giving 'The Sheik' the Once Over from the Ringside." Photoplay Magazine, XXI (April 1922): 90–92. Illustrated by Dick Dorgan.
  26. ↑ Dorgan, Dick. "Solving the Million Dollar Mystery: A Slang Review." Photoplay Magazine, XXI (May 1922): 76, 100. Illustrated by Dick Dorgan.
  27. ↑ Dorgan, Dick. "Bathing de Luxe on Saturday Night: A Slang Review." Photoplay Magazine, XXII (June 1922): 51, 97. Illustrated by Dick Dorgan.
  28. ↑ Dorgan, Dick. "The Loves of Pharaoh a la King: A Slang Review." Photoplay Magazine, XXII (July 1922): 119–120. Illustrated by Dick Dorgan.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Leider, Emily W. Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino, p. 169–170.
  30. ↑ Dorgan, Dick. "A Song of Hate." Photoplay Magazine, XXII (July 1922): 26. Illustrated by Dick Dorgan.
  31. ↑ Lardner, Ring. Letters of Ring Lardner. Edited by Clifford M. Caruthers. Foreword by Ring Lardner, Jr. Washington [Alexandria, Va.]: Orchises Press, 1995, p. 172. ISBN 0-914061-52-6
  32. ↑ Lardner, Ring, Will B. Johnstone, and Dick Dorgan. Ring Lardner's You Know Me Al: The Comic Strip Adventures of Jack Keefe. Preface by Al Capp. New York; London: A Harvest Book | Harcourt Brace Jovanovich / Bruccoli Clark, 1979. ISBN 0-15-676696-5
  33. 1 2 "Dick Dorgan" in the Lambiek Comiclopedia, which mistakenly reports that Dorgan "abandoned his job on the comic in 1927" and erroneously refers to Al Capp as "Andy Capp"
  34. ↑ "Frankie Dugan" in BoxRec (Boxing Records Archive) Boxing Encyclopaedia, which includes records for five other boxers named "Kid Dugan" (first name unknown), all of which boxed from 1905 to 1930, and some of which might have been Frankie "Kid" Dugan
  35. ↑ Lardner, Ring, Will B. Johnstone, and Dick Dorgan. Ring Lardner's You Know Me Al: The Comic Strip Adventures of Jack Keefe. Preface by Al Capp. New York; London: A Harvest Book | Harcourt Brace Jovanovich / Bruccoli Clark, 1979, p. 166. ISBN 0-15-676696-5
  36. ↑ The Citizen-Advertiser (Auburn, N.Y.), Thursday, 15 September 1931, p. 10.
  37. ↑ The Citizen-Advertiser (Auburn, N.Y.), Thursday, 17 September 1931, p. 14.
  38. 1 2 3 Theroux, Alexander. The Enigma of Al Capp. Seattle: Fantagraphics Books, 1999, p. 14. ISBN 1-56097-340-4
  39. 1 2 "Our Boarding House" in Don Markstein's Toonopedia by Donald D. Markstein
  40. ↑ Letter to George H. Scheetz from Richard W. Dorgan III (29 May 2009)
  41. ↑ Shenker, Israel. "Al Capp, Creator of Li'l Abner, Is Dead at 70." The New York Times, 6 November 1979, p. D19.
  42. ↑ Lardner, Ring, Will B. Johnstone, and Dick Dorgan. Ring Lardner's You Know Me Al: The Comic Strip Adventures of Jack Keefe. Preface by Al Capp. New York; London: A Harvest Book | Harcourt Brace Jovanovich / Bruccoli Clark, 1979, p. viii. ISBN 0-15-676696-5
  43. ↑ Syndicated Features Corp. was also known as Eisner and Iger Studio, a partnership between Will Eisner and S. M. (Jerry) Iger from 1936 to 1939.
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