Reckitt Benckiser

Reckitt Benckiser Group plc
Public limited company
Traded as
ISIN GB00B24CGK77
Industry Consumer goods
Founded 1814 (J&J Colman)
1823 (Benckiser)
1840 (Reckitt & Sons)
1938 (merger of Reckitt & Sons and J&J Colman)
1999 (merger of Reckitt & Colman and Benckiser)
Headquarters Slough, England, UK
Key people
 Adrian Bellamy (Chairman)
Rakesh Kapoor (CEO)[1]
Products Cleaning products
Consumer healthcare products
Condiments
Personal care products
Revenue £10.2 billion (2015)[2]
£2.374 billion (2015)[2]
£1.745 billion (2015)[2]
Number of employees
 37,200 (2015)[3]
Website www.rb.com

Reckitt Benckiser Group plc (RB) (LSE: RB) ( listen ) is a British multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Slough, England. It is a producer of health, hygiene and home products.[4] It was formed in 1999 by the merger of the UK-based Reckitt & Colman plc and the Netherlands-based Benckiser NV.

RB's brands include French's Mustard, the antiseptic brand Dettol, the sore throat medicine Strepsils, the hair removal brand Veet, the air freshener Air Wick, Calgon, Clearasil, Cillit Bang, Durex, Lysol, Mycil and Vanish.[5] It has operations in around 60 countries and its products are sold in almost 200 countries.

RB is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately £44 billion as of December 2015.[6]

History

Origins

Main articles: Reckitt and Sons and Colman's
Stoke Holy Cross Mill, in Norwich, England, the home of Colman's mustard from 1814 to 1862

Johann A. Benckiser founded a business in Germany in 1823. Its main products were industrial and consumer goods industrial chemicals.[7] Benckiser went public in 1997.[8][9]

Reckitt & Sons started in 1840 when Isaac Reckitt rented a starch mill in Hull, England.[7] He diversified into other household products and after his death in 1862, the business passed to his three sons.[10] In 1886, Reckitt opened its first overseas business in Australia.[10] The firm was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1888.[7] Harpic Lavatory Cleaners was acquired in 1932, and that same year, Dettol was launched.[10]

In 1938 Reckitt & Sons merged with J. & J. Colman, which had been founded in 1814 when Jeremiah Colman began milling flour and mustard in Norwich, England,[7] to become Reckitt & Colman Ltd.[7] The company made several acquisitions, including the Airwick and Carpet Fresh brands (1985), the Boyle-Midway division of American Home Products (1990), and the Lehn & Fink division of Sterling Drug (1994). It acquired several brands from DowBrands in 1998.

Reckitt & Colman sold the Colman's food business in 1995.[7]

1999 to present

The company was formed by a merger between Britain's Reckitt & Colman plc and the Dutch company Benckiser NV in December 1999. Bart Becht became CEO of the new company and has been credited for its transformation, focusing on core brands and improving efficiency in the supply chain. The new management team's strategy of "innovation marketing".[11] – a combination of increased marketing spend and product innovation, focusing on consumer needs – has been linked to the company's ongoing success. For example, in 2008, the company's "rapid succession of well publicised new product variants" were credited for helping them "to capture shoppers' imagination".[12] Business Week has also noted that "40% of Reckitt Benckiser's $10.5 billion in 2007 revenues came from products launched within the previous three years."[13]

In October 2005, RB agreed to purchase the over-the-counter drugs manufacturing business of Boots Group, Boots Healthcare International, for £1.9 billion. The three main brands acquired were Nurofen's analgesics, Strepsils sore throat lozenges, and Clearasil anti-acne treatments.[14] In January 2008, RB acquired Adams Respiratory Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company, for $2.3 billion; one of the major brands acquired was Mucinex.[15] In July 2010, RB agreed to buy SSL International, the makers of Durex condoms and Scholl's footcare products, in a £2.5 billion deal.[16]

On 27 August 2011, RB recalled all remaining stock of its major analgesic product, Nurofen Plus, after packs were found to contain an antipsychotic drug.[17] It turned out that this was the work of a codeine addict who had been stealing the pills and replacing them with his anti psychotic medication.[18]

In April 2011, Bart Becht announced he was to retire as CEO of Reckitt Benckiser and would be replaced from September 2011 by executive vice president of Category Development, Rakesh Kapoor, who had played a key role in recent acquisitions.[19]

In November 2012, RB agreed to acquire Schiff Nutrition, a United States-based manufacturer of vitamins and nutritional supplements including Digestive Advantage, MegaRed, Airborne, and Move Free, for US$1.4 billion (£877 million).[20][21] In December 2014, RB spun off its specialty pharmaceuticals business, which produces Suboxone, into a separate company named Indivior.[22]

In 2014, Reckitt Benckiser announced it was dropping its full name in favour of RB.[23] According to the chief executive, Rakesh Kapoor, the old name was "a bit of a mouthful" and the name change would make life easier.'[24]

Operations

RB is headquartered in Slough, England, and has operations in around 60 countries. Its products are sold in nearly 200 countries.[25]
The company runs a number of graduate programmes, in most of its markets, with over 200 graduates joining the schemes worldwide.[26] Once hired, graduates tend to work for a couple of years as a trainee in the country in which they were originally employed, followed by a posting overseas for those who have excelled during initial training. Graduate trainees start off in one of the firm's business areas—marketing and sales, supply chain, research and development, human resources and information systems.

Products

RB organises the majority of its products into three main categories – health, hygiene and home – with other brands belonging to three further categories: food, pharmaceuticals and portfolio brands. The company's strategy is to have a highly focused portfolio concentrating on its 19 most profitable brands, which are responsible for 70% of net revenues.[27]

Reckitt Benckiser currently produces the following products:[28]

"Powerbrands"

Other

Corporate governance

As of 2016 RB's directors were: Rakesh Kapoor, Adrian Bellamy, Nicandro Durante, Mary Harris, Adrian Hennah, Ken Hydon, Dr. Pamela Kirby, André Lacroix, Christopher Sinclair, and Warren Tucker.[29] As of 2016 members of the executive committee were: Rob de Groot, Amedeo Fasano, Roberto Funari, Frederic Larmuseau, Darrell Stein, and Deborah Yates.[30]

From the company's creation in 1999 until he retired in 2011, Bart Becht was CEO. The Guardian called him "one of the most successful businessmen of his generation". Under him, the company focused on its core brands, and on improving efficiency in the supply chain. It also increased its marketing budget.[12] BusinessWeek noted that "40% of RB's $10.5 billion in 2007 revenues came from products launched within the previous three years".[13] Becht was Britain's highest-paid businessman, taking home more than £90 million in 2009.[31] In April 2011, he announced that he would step down in September of that year, to be replaced by Rakesh Kapoor, who had been with the company since 1987. Reckitt Benckiser shares fell by 6.6% on the news.[32]

Corporate social responsibility

RB has held Platinum status in the Business in the Community CR Index,[33] since 2005 and in 2009 entered the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index and the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index.[34]

Save the Children

Save the Children has described RB as its "most valuable UK-based corporate supporter".[35] Their staff fundraises in many different ways, from football tournaments and silly hat wearing to payroll giving and marathon running. Members of staff in 2009 completed a global employee trek, facing the challenges of natural disaster and altitude sickness in order to raise almost £250,000 for the charity. In 2011 a group of 65 RB employees took part in a Global Challenge in Brazil, some undertaking a dangerous trek and others volunteering on a community project.[36] In June 2012, 20 employees from six countries across Latin America took part in a gruelling trek challenge and helped to build a community centre in Cali, Colombia, raising £63,000 for Save the Children.

In its Full Year Results for 2012, RB stated it had helped to reach approximately 325,000 children and families in 2012 and since the relationship with Save The Children began in 2006 the initiative has reached nearly 900,000 vulnerable children and families.[37]

Carbon 20

RB implemented an environmental initiative called Carbon 20.[38] The initiative, which was announced in November 2007, aimed to cut the total carbon footprint of its products—from creation to disposal by 20% by 2020. As part of the initiative the company has reduced by 70% the amount of plastic in the packaging of its Vanish cleaner.[39]

In January 2010, RB announced that they had already reached the halfway mark on their carbon reduction target in the third year of the Carbon20 initiative. RB stated "Over 3 million tonnes of CO2 was avoided last year by an 11% reduction per unit dose in the carbon impact across our products’ life cycle – the same impact as taking nearly 1,000,000 cars off the road". RB cited new programmes to redesign products using fewer materials and less energy, packaging, and waste, along with moving a number of factories and plants to combined heat and power energy systems as the main contributors to achieving the target so far.[40]

The Independent characterised the Carbon 20 initiative as "a typically savvy bit of marketing"[41] on the part of Bart Becht, the company's former CEO. It observed that RB's initiative seemed to go further than similar green initiatives by other companies, and that it would lead to increased profits.

In New York in February 2009, Earthjustice filed a lawsuit against RB and others. The petition seeks to compel the companies to identify all of the ingredients used in their products.[42] Earthjustice contacted several companies in September 2008 requesting that they comply with a 1971 law requiring them to disclose the ingredients in their products and make available any associated health or safety studies. RB and the other defendants ignored or refused the request.[43]

betterbusiness

In September 2012, following the success of Carbon 20, RB launched a new strategy for sustainable innovation, betterbusiness, which focuses on the changing needs of women and the scarcity of water.[44] The initiative sets three key goals for 2020: a third of net revenue to come from more sustainable products, a reduction in the water impact per product by one-third across its lifecycle and a reduction in carbon footprint per dose by a third.[45]

RB Trees

In June 2006, RB launched RB Trees (then known as Trees for Change), a major forestation project designed to offset the greenhouse gases created as a by-product of its manufacturing processes. The project aims to plant 10,000,000 trees, on land used or previously cleared for cultivation, to turn this back to forest.[46]

Controversies

Deaths caused by humidifier disinfectant

In 2001 Reckitt Benckiser acquired the Korean Oxy brand, which since 1996 had been using Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) in a humidifier steriliser product called Oxy Ssak Ssak. In 2011 the use of PHMG was dropped when the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) published a report showing a link between the compound and lung damage and deaths.[47] Several other companies in South Korea made humidifier sterilisers with PHMG between 2001 and 2011.[48] In 2014 Oxy was rebranded as Reckitt Benckiser Korea.

According to a BBC report in May 2016, about 500 people, many of them women and children, are reported to have died or been injured after inhaling PHMG.[48] According to a The Korea Herald report in April 2016, in 2015 750 disinfectant users had requested a test to determine if they had been harmed by the disinfectant and as of the date of that report, 221 had been confirmed and full results were expected to be released late in 2017.[49] A report on Sina.com in May 2016 said that PHMG was known to have caused 70 deaths and to harmed the lungs of 177 people, with the actual total of deaths and people injured unknown.[47]

Reckitt Benckiser Korea has been blamed for 103 deaths by a coalition of consumer groups in South Korea;[50] the April 2016 The Korea Herald report said that Reckitt Benckiser Korea had been blamed for 221 deaths.[49]

Sometime after the release of the KCDC report, prosecutors in South Korea opened an investigation into the companies selling the disinfectants, which increased its pace in January 2016.[49] Reckitt Benckiser Korea submitted a toxicity report on PHMG to prosecutors in January 2016; prosecutors were also investigating allegations that the company suppressed data showing PHMG to be toxic in the report it had submitted.[49] In April 2016 a coalition of consumer groups called for a boycott of the company.[50]

In May 2016 Korean division chief Ataur Safdar apologised to victims and families in a press conference and offered compensation to the families of those who died to those who were injured; it was the first time the company had acknowledged that its products containing PHMG were harmful.[48]

Anti-competitive behaviour

In 2008 the BBC's Newsnight[51][52] accused Reckitt Benckiser of attempting to delay the introduction of a competitive, generic version of one of its most popular products, Gaviscon, a treatment for heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In his introduction, reporter Martin Shankleman said, "Gaviscon is hailed as a power brand by its owners, Reckitt Benckiser". He continued, "Reckitt Benckiser likes to claim that the profits flow from their expertise in marketing. But we know that there's another way in which they've been coining it in—-by ripping-off the NHS, as a whistle-blower has told us. The "whistle-blower" was shown in silhouette, and his words were spoken by an actor: "Reckitt's cheated the National Health Service. It could have saved the NHS millions of pounds. But not just the NHS, patients, doctors—they've cheated health professionals. I felt it had to be exposed".

Newsnight claimed that RB had a "secret plan to ensure that it kept its stranglehold" after the Gaviscon patent expired in 1999, and that Newsnight had seen the plan. The Department of Health asked Newsnight to hand its documents to the NHS counter-fraud service.

The investigation was widely reported in the British press. The Guardian quoted a leaked memo in which the product's manager explained that the company could use "the rationale of health and safety" to design a switched product to "muddy the waters."[53] The newspaper quoted RB as stating that the leaked memos were "inappropriate and did not reflect Reckitt's eventual actions".

The Independent quoted Warwick Smith, director of the British Generic Manufacturers Association (BGMA): "The sort of evergreening alleged by Newsnight can cost the NHS tens of millions of pounds with no patient benefit."[54] It also quoted a statement issued by the company: "...RB is a responsible company and we have therefore instigated an immediate internal investigation and will take action. However, we do not accept much of what has been alleged."

The Times noted that "Although Gaviscon has been out of patent for almost ten years, no other manufacturer has developed a cheap generic version. Such a drug could have saved the NHS up to £40 million."[55] It stated that the Office of Fair Trading was expected to examine whether Reckitt had acted illegally. It also printed verbatim extracts from several of the leaked memos.[56] The Times report included an extract from the statement issued by the company (see below).

In response to the Newsnight report and the reports in the press, RB issued a statement that began:

We are shocked by the allegations made as Reckitt Benckiser is a responsible company in the way it conducts its business.

Nevertheless, we are deeply concerned by the inappropriate sentiment expressed in some of the historic internal correspondence reported. We take this very seriously and have instigated an immediate internal investigation, and will take action. We also refute much of what has been reported which implies a power and influence we simply do not possess.

The company has never objected to a monograph driven generic name being published. The timetable of which is not, and never has been, within our control a monograph/generic name could have been published at any time by the regulators without reference to any third party.

The company made appropriate challenges where it felt it was justified in order to ensure patients are prescribed the right treatment. These were within the law and relevant regulations. We stress that the regulators only take a comment into account when it is valid.[57]

On 15 October 2010, RB was fined £10.2 million by the Office of Fair Trading after the company admitted anti-competitive behaviour.[58]

In 2014 the Autorité de la concurrence in France found that RB had colluded with 12 other multinational companies (Colgate-Palmolive, Henkel, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Sara Lee, SC Johnson and Bolton Solitaire, Laboratoires Vendôme, Gillette, L'Oreal, Beiersdorf and Vania) to fix the prices of popular personal hygiene products; the fine of around €950 million was the largest ever imposed by the agency.[59]

In 2015, RB created controversy when it emerged that seemingly different versions of their product Nurofen marketed to treat specific pains, such as migraine, were all identical to the standard product despite costing twice as much. The product was banned from sale in Australia for misleading consumers.[60] The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) took the matter to court and in April 2016 RB was fined A$1.7 million ($1.3 million; £890,000).[61]

In 2008 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a decision to remove second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides from store shelves, leaving the products available for purchase only by US licensed applicators. The ruling was slated to go into effect in 2011 allowing poison companies time to adjust to the new law. EPA's decision was based on tens of thousands of reports of pet, wildlife and child poisonings that resulted annually from rat poisons in the US alone. In 2011, Reckitt Benckiser makers of d-CON products initiated a legal challenge to the EPA expected to take several years to resolve. Early in 2014, California State Department of Pesticide Regulation ruled that anticoagulant rat poison sales would be restricted beginning on 1 July 2014. RB filed suit in San Diego County Superior Court in April 2014 to block the decision.[62][63]

Palm oil procurement

According to a 2016 Amnesty International report, Reckitt Benckiser is one of several consumer companies that buy palm oil from Wilmar International, the world's largest palm oil refiner. Amnesty found that Wilmer profits from child labor and forced labor and exposes workers to toxic banned chemicals.[64]

References

  1. ↑ "Rakesh Kapoor global CEO of Reckitt Benckiser". The Statesman. 14 April 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "FY Results 2015" (PDF). Reckitt Benckiser plc. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser". Forbes. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  4. ↑ "Reckitt Rises on Colgate, SSL Takeover Speculation". Bloomberg. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  5. ↑ "Category performance". Reckitt Benckiser plc. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  6. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser Group Share price - DigitalLook.com". digitallook.com. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Reckitt Benckiser History". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  8. ↑ Forbes, Bertie. Forbes. Forbes. Volume 164. Forbes Incorporated. p. 53. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  9. ↑ Cooper, Rachel (12 April 2013). "Ex-Reckitt boss Bart Becht swaps Mr Sheen for coffee". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  10. 1 2 3 "Reckitt Benckiser History". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "Picking Winners at Reckitt Benckiser". Accenture. October 2005. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  12. 1 2 Simon Bowers (28 July 2008). "Reckitt Benckiser revenue up 20%". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  13. 1 2 Mark Scott (23 April 2008). "Reckitt Benckiser Cleans Up". Business Week. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  14. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser buys Boots unit". BBC News. 7 October 2005. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  15. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser Completes Acquisition of Adams Respiratory Therapeutics, Inc.". Biomedicine. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  16. ↑ "Durex maker SSL agrees £2.5bn bid from Cillit Bang firm". BBC News. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  17. ↑ "BBC News: Reckitt Benckiser Product recall". BBC News. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  18. ↑ Nurofen tampering: codeine addict jailed for 18 months The Guardian (London), 28 May 2012
  19. ↑ "Dettol-maker appoints Indian as its global head". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  20. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser buys Schiff Nutrition in $1.4bn deal". The Daily Telegraph. London. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  21. ↑ Schimroszik, Nadine (22 November 2012). "Reckitt Benckiser buys Schiff Nutrition". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  22. ↑ "RB complete demerger of Indivior - RB". RB. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  23. ↑ Steiner, Rupert (28 July 2014). "Reckitt Benckiser's £3bn float to shed its pharmaceutical division". This Is Money. Daily Mail. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  24. ↑ Chesters, Laura (25 July 2014). "The 30 Second Briefing - RB (Reckitt Benckiser)". The i. p. 48.
  25. ↑ "Operations around the world". Reckitt Benckiser plc. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  26. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser's graduate programmes". Rb.com. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  27. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser: Annual Report 2011". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  28. ↑ "Online Report 2010". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  29. ↑ "The Board". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  30. ↑ "Executive Committee". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  31. ↑ Julia Finch (7 April 2010). "Bart Becht's £90m pay packet. I need a lie-down". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  32. ↑ Graeme Wearden (14 April 2011). "Bart Becht makes surprise decision to quit Reckitt Benckiser". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  33. ↑ "Business in the Community corporate responsibility index". Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  34. ↑ "Carbon Disclosure Project 2009 Reports launched at New York Climate Week". Cdproject.net. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  35. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser". Save the Children. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  36. ↑ "RB Global Challenge". Reckitt Benckiser. July 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  37. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser Full Year Results 2012". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  38. ↑ "Our Home Our Planet". Reckitt Benckiser. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  39. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser: Annual Report and Accounts 2008". Annualreview2008.reckittbenckiser.com. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  40. ↑ "Reckitt Benckiser: Our responsibility". Rb.com. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  41. ↑ Forston, Danny (2 November 2007). "Reckitt Benckiser boss commits to 20 percent cut in group's carbon footprint within 13 years". The Independent. London: Independent News & Media. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
  42. ↑ "Cleansing Products Disclosure Petition" (PDF). Earthjustice inc. February 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
  43. ↑ Biello, David (18 February 2009). "Earthjustice Wants Companies to List Chemicals in Household Cleaners". Scientific American. Scientific American, Inc. (USA). Retrieved 5 June 2009.
  44. ↑ "betterbusiness - RB". RB.
  45. ↑ "Our targets - RB". RB. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  46. ↑ "RB Trees - RB". RB. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  47. 1 2 "Oxy apologizes to S.Koreans for usage of toxic chemical in humidifier sterilizer". Sina. 2 May 2016.
  48. 1 2 3 "Reckitt Benckiser sold deadly sterilisers in South Korea". BBC News. 2 May 2016.
  49. 1 2 3 4 Lee Hyun-jeong for the Korea Herald. April 24, 2016, "Oxy suspected of watering down report"
  50. 1 2 Lee Kyung-min for the Korea Times. April 25, 2016 Consumers to boycott Oxy Reckitt Benckiser
  51. ↑ "Gaviscon maker 'cheated the NHS' (video report)". BBC. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  52. ↑ Jones, Meirion (7 March 2008). "Gaviscon maker 'cheated the NHS'". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009. Meirion Jones
  53. ↑ Leigh, David (7 March 2008). "Company accused of cheating NHS". London: Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  54. ↑ Laurance, Jeremy (8 March 2008). "Drug giants 'swindle NHS by blocking cheap medicines' extending patents". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  55. ↑ Jameson, Angela (7 March 2008). "Reckitt Benckiser accused of ripping off NHS over Gaviscon". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  56. ↑ Booth, Jenny (7 March 2007). "The Reckitt Benckiser memos in full". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  57. ↑ Reckit Benckiser (7 March 2008). "Statement in response to media reports about Gaviscon". Reckitt Benckiser Corporate Communications. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  58. ↑ Kollewe, Julia (15 October 2010). "Reckitt Benckiser fined £10.2m by OFT". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
  59. ↑ "Huge price-fixing fine is upheld". The Connexion. 28 October 2016.
  60. ↑ "Nurofen maker Reckitt Benckiser defends Australia packaging". BBC News. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  61. ↑ "Nurofen maker Reckitt Benckiser fined in Australia". BBC News. 29 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  62. ↑ "Makers of rat poison d-Con sue California". mercurynews.com. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  63. ↑ "Petition for writ of Mandate" (PDF). Superior Court. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  64. ↑ The Great Palm Oil Scandal: Labour Abuses Behind Big Brand Names Amnesty International 30.11.2016
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