Receptor activity-modifying protein

Receptor activity-modifying protein 1
Identifiers
Symbol RAMP1
Entrez 10267
HUGO 9843
OMIM 605153
RefSeq NM_005855
UniProt O60894
Other data
Locus Chr. 2 q36-37.1
Receptor activity-modifying protein 2
Identifiers
Symbol RAMP2
Entrez 10266
HUGO 9844
OMIM 605154
RefSeq NM_005854
UniProt O60895
Other data
Locus Chr. 17 q12-21.1
Receptor activity-modifying protein 3
Identifiers
Symbol RAMP3
Entrez 10268
HUGO 9845
OMIM 605155
RefSeq NM_005856
UniProt O60896
Other data
Locus Chr. 7 q13-p12

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of protein that interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT), glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).[1] There are three distinct types of RAMPs, designated RAMP1, RAMP2, and RAMP3, each encoded by a separate gene.[2]

Function

Currently, the function of RAMPs is divided into classes activities. When associated with the Calcitonin receptor (CTR) or Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) (below), RAMPs can change the selectivity of the receptor for a specific hormone. In the cases of the other receptors mentioned, however, there is no evidence that they can do this, but instead function to regulate trafficking of receptors from the ER / golgi to the membrane. These functions appear to be ones where there is redundancy, as neither RAMP1 nor RAMP3 knockout mice (KO) have grossly abnormal phenotypes. The likelihood is that the phenotype of RAMP2 KO mice is more connected with the abolition of most adrenomedullin (AM) signalling than effects on trafficking of other receptors, as those mice are almost identical to AM KO mice.

Types

Association of RAMPs with either the CT or CALCRL proteins forms 6 different receptors from the calcitonin receptor family:[3][4][5]

GPCR RAMP isoform resultant receptor
Calcitonin receptor-like RAMP1 CGRP
RAMP2 adrenomedullin (AM) receptor, designated AM1[6]
RAMP3 dual CGRP/AM receptor, designated AM2
Calcitonin receptor RAMP1 amylin receptor AMY1
RAMP2 amylin receptor AMY2
RAMP3 amylin receptor AMY3

References

  1. Sexton PM, Morfis M, Tilakaratne N, Hay DL, Udawela M, Christopoulos G, Christopoulos A (2006). "Complexing receptor pharmacology: modulation of family B G protein-coupled receptor function by RAMPs". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1070: 90–104. doi:10.1196/annals.1317.076. PMID 16888151.
  2. Young A (2005). "Amylin: Physiology and Pharmacology; Chapter 3: Receptor pharmacology". Advances in Pharmacology. Advances in Pharmacology. 52: 47–65. doi:10.1016/S1054-3589(05)52003-9. ISBN 978-0-12-032954-0. PMID 16492540.
  3. McLatchie LM, Fraser NJ, Main MJ, Wise A, Brown J, Thompson N, Solari R, Lee MG, Foord SM (May 1998). "RAMPs regulate the transport and ligand specificity of the calcitonin-receptor-like receptor". Nature. 393 (6683): 333–9. doi:10.1038/30666. PMID 9620797.
  4. Foord SM, Marshall FH (May 1999). "RAMPs: accessory proteins for seven transmembrane domain receptors". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20 (5): 184–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(99)01347-4. PMID 10354609.
  5. Kamitani S, Asakawa M, Shimekake Y, Kuwasako K, Nakahara K, Sakata T (April 1999). "The RAMP2/CRLR complex is a functional adrenomedullin receptor in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells". FEBS Lett. 448 (1): 111–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00358-0. PMID 10217420.


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