Reading to Taunton Line

Reading to Taunton line
A Great Western HST approaching Great Cheverell on its way to Westbury.
Overview
Type	Heavy rail
System	National Rail
Status	Operational
Locale	South East England South West England
Termini	Reading Taunton
Operation
Opened	1906
Owner	Network Rail
Operator(s)	Great Western Railway
Technical
Number of tracks	2
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The Reading to Taunton line is a major branch of the Great Western Main Line from which it diverges at Reading railway station. It runs to Cogload Junction (east of Taunton) where it joins the Bristol to Exeter and Penzance Line.

Since 1906 it has served as the principal route from London to Devon and Cornwall, having been created by the Great Western Railway joining up several earlier railway lines. These included the Berks and Hants Railway from Reading to Hungerford and part of the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway from Westbury to Castle Cary. The whole route is sometimes confusingly called the 'Berks and Hants Line'.^[1]

History

The line became a through route on 2 July 1906 with the completion of the Langport and Castle Cary Railway. Before this, from 5 May 1848, through trains from London to Plymouth had run via Bristol: a longer route, often called the "Great Way Round"^[2] leaving only a few train services commencing east of Bristol running to Exeter via Bristol.

The various sections of line were opened:

• Reading to Hungerford – 21 December 1847^[3][4]
• Hungerford to Patney and Chirton – 11 November 1862^[3]
• Patney & Chirton to Westbury, Wiltshire – 29 July 1900^[3] (the Stert and Westbury Railway)
• Westbury to Frome, Somerset – 7 October 1850^[3]
• Frome to Castle Cary – 1 September 1856^[3]
• Castle Cary to Charlton Mackrell – 2 July 1905^[3]
• Charlton Mackrell to Somerton – 20 May 1906^[3]goods trains, 2 July 1906 passenger trains
• Somerton to Curry Rivel Junction – 12 February 1906^[3]goods trains, 2 July 1906 passenger trains
• Curry Rivel Junction to Athelney Junction – 1 October 1853 as part of Taunton to Yeovil line^[3]
• Athelney Junction to Cogload Junction – 2 April 1906^[3]
• Cogload Junction to Taunton – 1 June 1842^[3]

The Reading to Hungerford section was promoted as the Berks and Hants Railway; from there to Patney & Chirton by the Berks and Hants Extension Railway; and from Westbury to Castle Cary by the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway. The section from Cogload Junction to Exeter was built by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, whose Yeovil branch became part of the new main line between Curry Rivel Junction and Athelney Junction, and including Athelney station. The section between Exeter and Plymouth was built by the South Devon Railway Company.

These nominally independent companies had all been amalgamated into the Great Western Railway by 1 February 1876, and the remaining 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad-gauge lines were closed on 20 May 1892 and converted to 4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm) standard gauge over the following weekend. A series of cut-off lines were constructed during the following 15 years, establishing the present through route. The Great Western was nationalised on 1 January 1948 as part of the new British Railways.

In 1977 the Parliamentary Select Committee on Nationalised Industries recommended considering electrification of more of Britain's rail network, and by 1979 BR presented a range of options that included electrifying numerous Great Western routes including Reading to Taunton line by 2000.^[5] Under the 1979–90 Conservative governments that succeeded the 1976–79 Labour government the proposal was not implemented.

Resignalling in the 1980s enabled faster running. This was followed by privatisation in the 1990s, with the line being transferred first to Railtrack and then to its successor Network Rail.

Route

Reading to Taunton Line
Legend
miles 0⅕ London Paddington Great Western Main Line 36⅕ Reading 36¾ Great Western Main Line to Taunton via Bristol 36⅞ Reading West 37¾ Reading to Basingstoke Line 41¼ Theale Site of Ufton Nervet rail crash 44¾ Aldermaston 46⅝ Midgham 49½ Thatcham 52⅜ Newbury Racecourse Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway 53⅕ Newbury Lambourn Valley Railway Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway 58⅜ Kintbury 61½ Hungerford 66⅜ Bedwyn Midland and South Western Junction Railway 70⅓ Savernake Low Level to Midland and South Western Junction Railway to Marlborough High Level Burbage goods Wootton Rivers Halt 75¼ Pewsey Manningford Halt 78⅞ Woodborough Patney and Chirton Devizes Branch Line 88⅓ Lavington Edington and Bratton Lafarge Cement works 94½ Heywood Road Junction Wessex Main Line 95½ Westbury Wessex Main Line 97⅓ Fairwood Junction 100¼ Clink Road Junction to Whatley Quarry, formerly to Bristol 101¼ Frome 102¼ Blatchbridge Junction Witham 106½ Cranmore goods and East Somerset Railway Strap Lane Halt 111⅝ Bruton Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway 116⅛ Castle Cary Heart of Wessex Line Alford Halt Keinton Mandeville Charlton Mackrell Somerton Long Sutton and Pitney Langport East Yeovil Branch to Yeovil Town Athelney Athelney Junction Lyng Halt Bristol to Exeter Line Durston 138⅞ Cogload Junction Creech St Michael Chard Branch Line 143⅝ Taunton Bristol to Exeter Line

Reading to Bedwyn

Communities served

Reading – Theale – Aldermaston – Midgham and Woolhampton – Thatcham – Newbury – Kintbury – Hungerford – Great Bedwyn

After Reading railway station the line curves to the left to follow the route of the old Berks and Hants Railway.^[3] The Great Western Main Line is on the right and between the two routes is an engineering depot at a lower level, then on the same level as the running lines is Reading TMD where the DMUs used on local services out of London Paddington station are serviced. The depot is known as Triangle Sidings because of a curve that passes behind the depot allowing up trains (towards London) from the Great Western Main Line to become down trains on the Berks and Hants Line and vice versa; this curve is mainly used for freight trains to and from the South Coast.

Just beyond the depot lies Reading West, a local station that is elevated above a road at one end but is in a deep cutting at the other. At the far end of the cutting is Southcote Junction where the line to Plymouth curves sharply to the right away from the other Berks and Hants Line to Basingstoke. A third line used to curve to the left to a goods depot but this is long closed and the trackbed blocked by a footpath.

The route, which is marketed as the "Kennet Line", follows the River Kennet through the outer suburbs of Reading to Theale. The line passes through Berkshire countryside and local stations at Aldermaston, Midgham and Thatcham.

Newbury race course lies alongside the line on the left and has its own station a short distance east of the main Newbury railway station, where the town centre is close by on the right of the line. The station has a bay platform on the right for local terminating trains, and the through platforms are on loop lines that allow fast trains to overtake the local services that continue beyond the town. Some long distance trains also call here.^[6]

Beyond Newbury the railway follows the route of the Kennet and Avon Canal which crosses below to run on the left side of the line through Kintbury then crosses back to the right before it reaches Hungerford. The line crosses into Wiltshire and the canal crosses back to the left to run close beside the line through Little Bedwyn to reach Bedwyn railway station which is actually in Great Bedwyn. This is the outer limit of the London suburban services^[7] and there is a turn-back siding on the right just beyond the station.

On to Taunton

Communities served

Pewsey – Westbury – Frome – Bruton – Castle Cary – Taunton

A westbound service from London passing Westbury with the Westbury White Horse in the background

Long distance trains continue to follow the Kennet and Avon Canal which runs along the line. Beam engines are preserved at Crofton Pumping Station that once pumped water to the summit level of the canal. The canal goes beneath the line in a 500 yards (457 m) tunnel^[2] beneath the site of the closed Savernake Low Level railway station, and the remains of the bridge that carried the Midland and South Western Junction Railway. There was never a station at Burbage but the siding served a wharf which allowed transhipment of goods between the canal and railway.

Some trains call at Pewsey railway station, where one platform building is a replica of an earlier building but the building on the main platform is original. The site of Patney and Chirton railway station marks the start of a cut-off line that avoided the long loop (to the right) through Devizes railway station on the Berks and Hants Extension Railway.

Approaching Westbury, non-stop trains curve to the left to pass under the Wessex Main Line and avoid the complex of junctions around the station, but trains that call here diverge to the right at Heywood Road Junction. Another line curves sharply to the right to join the Wessex Main Line towards Trowbridge at Hawkeridge Junction, a route that forms a diversionary route for the Great Western Main Line. The line curves left past the Panel Signal Box to join the Wessex Main Line in the opposite direction and enter the station.

There are sidings on both sides of the line west of the station. On the right are those used for stabling the local DMUs between services, and a Network Rail "virtual quarry" where ballast is stockpiled for distribution. The sidings on the left are mainly used by stone trains from Mendips quarries further west along the line. Our line diverges right from the Wessex Main Line (which continues towards Salisbury) and curves around behind the virtual quarry to reach Fairwood Junction where trains that avoided the station rejoin the historic route, which here was constructed by the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway.

Crossing from "Wilts" (Wiltshire) into Somerset, the line passes through Clink Road Junction, where a branch line diverges on the right to Frome railway station, where a rare wooden train shed survives,^[8] and Whatley Quarry. Frome is served by Heart of Wessex Line local services^[9] but few long-distance trains call there^[9] instead of following the avoiding line to Blatchbridge Junction.

The next junction on the right is at Witham, where the old East Somerset Railway carries stone trains from Merehead Quarry and continues to Cranmore. After passing through Bruton railway station, the line passes the remains of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway at Cole, and then arrives at the junction station at Castle Cary. Here it curves right, away from the Heart of Wessex Line which continues to Weymouth via Yeovil Pen Mill, a diversionary route that is used when the usual route to Exeter is blocked.

The main line is now on the Langport and Castle Cary Railway that opened on 2 July 1906 to shorten the so-called "Great Way Round" via Bristol.^[2][4] After passing through Somerton Tunnel the line soon finds itself crossing the low-lying and comes onto the Somerset Levels and at to Langport and Curry Rivel Junction, where the old Yeovil branch line.^[4] used to join from the left, only to diverge right at Athelney to join the Bristol to Taunton Line at Durston. The 1906 openings saw an additional cut-off from Athelney to Cogload Junction where the line joins the route from Bristol, the old Bristol and Exeter Railway.^[4] The Taunton and Bridgwater Canal runs alongside the railway. The line passes the site of Creech St Michael railway station and the junction of the former Chard Branch Line.^[4]

Current services

A High Speed Train crosses Langport Viaduct (between Castle Cary and Taunton).

Passenger services on the route are operated by Great Western Railway (GWR). These are principally High Speed Trains (HST) from London Paddington to Penzance, Plymouth or Paignton. There is also an overnight Night Riviera sleeper service. Some other services between these places are routed between Reading and Taunton along the Great Western Main Line to Bristol, and then on to the Bristol to Taunton Line, thereby missing this Reading to Taunton line entirely. A few services from London travel only part way along the line, terminating at Westbury or Frome.^[6] GWR also provide local services along parts of the line, between Reading and Bedwyn,^[7] and between Westbury and Castle Cary.^[9]

Infrastructure

The route is double-track throughout, with passing loops at certain locations.^[10] The highest line-speed on the route is 110 mph (180 km/h).^[11] The route has a loading gauge clearance of W7 except Reading to Westbury and Taunton to Exeter, which are the larger W8, and is open to rolling stock up to Route Availability 8. Signalling requires four minutes between trains on most of the route, but 8 minutes approaching Cogload Junction and 6 minutes west of Newton Abbot. Signalling is by multiple-aspect signals, controlled from panel signal boxes at Reading, Westbury, Exeter, and Plymouth, and level-crossing boxes at Colthrop (near Thatcham) and Kintbury.^[11] Most of the signals are three-aspect, but some sections of two- or four-aspect signalling also exist. During 2010, control of the area currently signalled by Reading panel will transfer to the new Thames Valley Signalling Control Centre at Didcot.^[12]

The Network Rail Business Plan (2007) states that the heaviest traffic flows are on the section through Newbury, from where there is large commuter traffic to London. The main pinch-point is between Reading West and Southcote Junction where the route is shared with trains to and from Basingstoke and south-coast ports. It is forecast in the report that demand for journeys towards London can be met up to 2016 by increased service levels; three trains each hour will be needed to the west of England. By 2026 seating demand is forecast to be in excess of capacity from as far west as Westbury, and by as much as 14%. There are also significant current traffic levels and predicted growth on local services around Exeter.^[10]

Accidents

There have been a number of serious accidents on the line over the years. The most recent fatal accident was the derailment of a High Speed Train from Paddington near Newbury in 2004, following a collision with a car that had stopped on a level crossing. Some of the more serious incidents were:

• Taunton train fire, Somerset – sleeping car fire, 6 July 1978.^[13]
• Ufton Nervet derailment, Berkshire – 6 November 2004.^[14]

Plans

The section between Reading and Newbury has been earmarked for electrification by 2018 as part of a scheme to electrify the Great Western Main Line. The electrification of the line to Newbury would allow commuter services to using electrically powered trains to run the entire distance from London Paddington to Newbury. The DfT white paper calls for electric services beyond Reading to be operated by cascaded and completely modernised Thameslink commuter trains from the end of 2018. This would allow the existing DMUs that operate on this section to be cascaded to the Bristol area, the South West and Northern England.^[15]

In addition to the electrification of the line to Newbury there are to be significant changes to the layout of Reading station. These include the building of a bridge to carry the fast lines of the Great Western Main Line over the Reading to Plymouth Line. There will also be an additional four platforms built on the north side of Reading station to be used for the relief lines whilst the existing platforms will be used exclusively by fast trains to London and the West.^[16][17]

Additional plans for the route include the reduction of the distances between signals west of Newton Abbot; making the down loop at Newbury Racecourse reversible to improve train handling on race days; the extension of the turnback siding at Bedwyn to accommodate six-car DMUs; increase line speed as far as Cogload Junction; a third track from there and direct access to the northern bay platform at Taunton; allow tilting trains to operate in tilting mode west of Newton Abbot where the curvature severely restricts speeds for conventional trains.^[10]

References

Further reading

• Beck, Keith; Copsey, John (1990). The Great Western in South Devon. Didcot: Wild Swan Publication. ISBN 0-906867-90-8. 
• Great Western Railway (1924). Through the Window. Number 1 – Paddington to Penzance. London: Great Western Railway. 
• Hesp, Martin (7 July 2008). "My magnificent rail journey". Western Morning News. Western Morning News. Retrieved 14 July 2008. 

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reading to Taunton Line.

• Disused railway stations (Bristol to Exeter Line)
• Disused railway stations (Exeter to Plymouth Line)

Railway lines in the South East
Primary	International High Speed 1 (Ashford • Ebbsfleet) National Great Western Main Line (Slough • Maidenhead • Reading • Didcot Parkway) West Coast Main Line (Watford Junction • Milton Keynes Central)
Secondary	Berks/Bucks/Oxon to London Aylesbury Line Chiltern Main Line Waterloo to Reading Line (and in Surrey) Windsor & Eton Riverside Line (and in Surrey) Crossrail (under construction) (and past London to Essex) Kent to London Bexleyheath Line Chatham Main Line Dartford Loop Line Kent Coast Line Maidstone Line Medway Valley Line North Kent Line Ramsgate (via Canterbury West) Line Sheerness Line South Eastern Main Line Tonbridge Line (and in Surrey) Surrey/Sussex/Hants to London Ascot to Guildford Line Alton Line Arun Valley Line Brighton Main Line Caterham Line Fareham Line Hampton Court Branch Line Hastings Line (and in Kent) Chertsey Branch Line Epsom Downs Branch New Guildford Line Oxted Line (and in Kent) Portsmouth Direct Line Shepperton Branch Line South Western Main Line Sutton and Mole Valley Lines Tattenham Corner Line Thameslink (and past London to Beds/Herts) West of England Main Line Others Cherwell Valley Line Cotswold Line Eastleigh to Romsey Line East Coastway Line (inc Marshlink Line) Henley Branch Line Island Line Lymington Branch Line Marlow Branch Line Marston Vale Line North Downs Line Oxford to Bicester Line Princes Risborough to Aylesbury Line Reading to Taunton Line West Coastway Line Wessex Main Line Slough to Windsor & Eton Line Reading to Basingstoke Line Seaford Branch Line
Heritage	Bluebell Railway Chinnor & Princes Risborough Railway Cholsey & Wallingford Railway East Kent Railway Isle of Wight Steam Railway Kent and East Sussex Railway Lavender Line Spa Valley Railway Watercress Line
Non-passenger/ Defunct	Hundred of Hoo Railway Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway

Railway lines in the South West
Primary	Cross Country Route Exeter Bristol Cheltenham Great Western Main Line Exeter Bristol Keynsham Bath Spa Chippenham Swindon (fast services calling points only)
Secondary	To London South Western Main Line (from Weymouth) Reading to Taunton Line (from Taunton) West of England Main Line (from Exeter) Others Atlantic Coast Line Avocet Line Bristol to Taunton Line Cornish Main Line Cotswold Line Gloucester to Newport Line Golden Valley Line Heart of Wessex Line Henbury Loop Looe Valley Line Lostwithiel to Fowey Maritime Line Portishead Branch Riviera Line Severn Beach Line St Ives Bay Line Tamar Valley Line Tarka Line Wessex Main Line
Heritage	Avon Valley Railway Bristol Harbour Railway Bodmin and Wenford Railway East Somerset Railway Dartmoor Railway Dartmouth Steam Railway Dean Forest Railway Helston Railway Plym Valley Railway South Devon Railway Swanage Railway Swindon & Cricklade Railway West Somerset Railway