Ratac Abbey

Ratac

Floor plan of the largest church of Ratac
Shown within Montenegro
Basic information
Location Bar, modern-day Montenegro
Geographic coordinates 42°07′20″N 19°03′40″E / 42.1223°N 19.0612°E / 42.1223; 19.0612Coordinates: 42°07′20″N 19°03′40″E / 42.1223°N 19.0612°E / 42.1223; 19.0612
Affiliation Catholic
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Abbey
Status inactive

Ratac or Ratac Abbey (Italian: Santa Maria de Rotezo, Serbian: Манастир Богородице Ратачке)[1] was a fortified monastic complex on the coast of the peninsula between Bar and Sutomore in modern-day Montenegro. Ratac Abbey was under jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar, though relations between Ratac abbots and Bar archbishops were not always good.[2]

Based on the charters issued to Ratac by the rulers of Serbia of Nemanjić dynasty, Ratac had a hospital that provided treatment to people who lived in poverty.[3] In the middle of the 15th century people infected with leprosy were treated in this hospital.[4]

The earliest source that mentions Ratas is from 1247, though it probably existed much earlier.[5] On 15 March 1306 Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia issued a charter to Ratac in which he appointed his son Stephen as his future successor.[6]

Building of the new church within already existing monastic complex began in 1347.[7]

At the beginning of the First Scutari War Ratac was captured by Venetians. In 1407 representatives of Venetian Republic and Balša III met on the territory in possession of Ratac in attempt to negotiate peace. During negotiations held in June 1408 Venetians insisted to keep Ratac in their possession.[8]

The Treaty of Vučitrn, signed in Vučitrn on 22 April 1426 between Republic of Venice and Serbian Despotate, formally ended the Second Scutari War. By this treaty Venice ceded Ratac to Serbian despotate.[8] Ratac was included into the list of Serbian demands probably based on the pressure of the people from Bar on Serbian negotiators.[9]

Since 1443 it was again under Venetian control until 1571 when it was destroyed by the Ottomans.[10]

In the 15th century the abbot of Ratac monastery was Đorđe Pelinović, one of the notable priests and businessman of his time.[11] Pelinović was not the only abbot of Ratac Abbey. According to one 1445 Venetian report, there were two abbots in Ratac who shared the income of the abbey. Pelinović managed to remove his colleague and continued to manage the monastery alone. He was succeeded by Petar Fortis.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Arsenije III [i.e. treći] Crnojević u istoriji i književnosti. Naučna Knjiga. 1949. p. 429. Retrieved 5 January 2014. Чувен je манастир Богородице Ратачке, у коме су служили »ра- dri Benedittini«, на челу с митроносним опатом.
  2. ↑ Spremić, Momčilo (1964). Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta (in Serbian). Naučno delo. p. 205.
  3. ↑ Posebna izdanja. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. 1980. p. 2. У средњовековној Србији велнка бене- диктинска опатија св. Богородице Ратачке имала је исто један такав хоспитал који се спомиње и у повељама српских владара из породице Немањића намењених овом манастиру.
  4. ↑ Ćirković, Sima; Mihaljčić, Rade (1999). Лексикон српског средњег века (in Serbian). Knowledge. p. 266. Средином XV века у манастиру Ратачке опатије код Бара помиње се болница у којој су се између осталог лечили и губавци.
  5. ↑ Letopis. У Српској народној задружној штампарији. 2008. p. 1129. Богородица Ратачка код Бара помин>е се први пут 1247
  6. ↑ Zbornik radova Vizantoloshkog instituta. Institut. 2009. p. 338.
  7. ↑ Vojislav J. Đurić; Gordana Babić-Đorđević (1997). Srpska umetnost u srednjem veku: XIV-XVI vek. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 60. Неки споменици тог времена очувани у српском Поморју указују јасно на изворе и путеве ути- цаја који су се повремено осећали у Србији. Зна се да је градња Богородице ратачке, нове цркве бенедиктин- ског манастира заснованог много раније на полуострву Ратац... започета 1347
  8. 1 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu. Filozofski fakultet (1964). Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta. Naučno delo. p. 196. Већ 1407 на њеном терену састали су се ради преговора представници Балше III и Републике
  9. ↑ Miloš Antonović (2003). Town and District in Littoral of Zeta and Northern Albania in XIVth and XVth Century. Istorijski institut. p. 219. ISBN 978-86-7743-031-3.
  10. ↑ "Upravljane kulturnoistorijskim nasleđem" (PDF). Institut za evropske integracije i međunarodnu saradnju. p. 34. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  11. ↑ Recueil de travaux de l'Institut des études byzantines. Naučno delo. 1996. p. 15. ...Марије Ратачке", једном од нај- угледнијих свештеника, али и од највештијих пословних људи свога доба.
  12. ↑ Spremić, Momčilo (1964). Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta (in Serbian). Naučno delo. p. 204.

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