RABIS

RABIS (Russian: РАБИС) or Sorabis (Russian: Сорабис) — the widespread Trade Union of Art Workers in Bolshevik Russia and later in the Soviet Union, which was formed in May, 1919. The Russian РАБИС and Сорабис are the abraviations of the Russian phrases "РАботники ИСкусства" (English: "Art Workers") and "СОюз РАботников ИСкусства" (English: "Union of Art Workers"), the two first characters of the words "СОюз", "РАботники" and "ИСкусства" used to add abbreviations.[1]

From 1920 a massive professional organization was formed in Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which received name Vserabis (Russian: Всерабис) — "ВСЕроссийский профессиональный союз РАботников ИСкусства" (English: "All-Russian Regions Trade Union of Art Workers"). The abraviations RABIS or Sorabis were used for local and regional Trade Unions and sometimes as short names of "Vserabis".[1]

After the Soviet Union creation, from 1924 the Vserabis (Russian: Всерабис) remained as the abbreviation "ВСЕсоюзный профессиональный союз РАботников ИСкусства" (English: "Soviet Union Trade Union of Art Workers").[1]

Some big cities or regions ajusted the name RABIS to appropriate name of their regions: Petrorabis (Petrograd RABIS);[2][3][4] Mosgubrabis (Moscow guberniya RABIS);[5][6][7] Gruzrabis (Gruziya RABIS);[8][9] e.t.c..

RABIS, Sorabis and then Vserabis united all art workers "on the voluntary commencements".[1] The Russian phrase "на добровольных началах" (English: "on the voluntary commencements") includes the sarcasm, which means that each art worker entered in this Trade Union voluntary (voluntary commencement), but the rest of art workers, who leave or had not joined the Trade Union organisation, will have difficulties with job. In this case Russians says: "to join the organisation voluntary-compalsory" (Russian: "присоединиться к организации добровольно-принудительно").

History

Prehistory

Some art workers sosities were formed in Russian Imperia in XIX century. One of them was the Russian theatrical society or RTO (Russian: Русское театральное общество или РТО), which was entrusted with trade union functions also. By 1915, the local departments of the Imperial Russian theatrical society already existed in Astrakhan, Voronezh, Kaluga, Tambov, Irkutsk, Samara and other cities of Russian Empire.[10]

The same position was with many smaller art workers unions — Union of Actors, Union of Stagehands, Union of Theatrical Employees, Union of Painters, Union of Sculptors, Union of Musicians, etc., - which were formed before October Revolution, after the revolution and before 1919.[1]

In 1918 was formed Union of Art Workers (Russian: Союз РАботников ИСкусства (РАБИС)) of Novosibirsk Region, in Siberia.[11]

In 1919, Lunacharsky approved the "Regulation about the Russian theatrical society", according to which a significant portion of its rights departed to the State including registration of contracts and control over their observance.[10]

The First all-Russian Congress of Art Workers

The First all-Russian Congress of Art Workers was opened in the movie theater "АРС" in Moscow on 7 May 1919. 23 delegates represented 25 000 art workers on this Congress. The Congress established the Trade Union RABIS (Russian: РАБИС) - the name of this organization was an abbreviation of the phrase "РАботники ИСкусства" (lang-en|"Art Workers"). This organization became the first creative unification of Bolshevik Russia and united many smaller unions — Union of Actors, Union of Stagehands, Union of Theatrical Employees, Union of Painters, Union of Sculptors, Union of Musicians, etc., which already existed before the Congress and some of them before October Revolution. Local Trade Unions of Art Workers, which were created in regional centers and major cities, and the Unions of Art Workers, which were created previously, were reassigned to the newly created RABIS.[1][12][13]

The Statute of the RABIS was dated 1918 as it was taken from one union, which was formed in 1918. The main articles of the RABIS Statute, which was adopted on First all-Russian Congress of Art Workers, includes the main objectives of this Trade Union:

The RABIS was involved in politic. I.V. Sibiryakov mentioned in own monograph "ВСЕРАБИС: страницы истории" (English: "VSERABIS: the pages of history"):

"Never the Union had been politically neutral structure, during the years of Civil War its leaders had positioned themselves to be part of the Red Revolutionary Mmovement"[13]

In connection with the establishment of the Trade Union of Art Workers (RABIS) in May 1919, Trade union functions were taken away from the Russian theatrical society and other art workers unions.[10]

The Second all-Russian Congress of Art Workers

The Second all-Russian Congress of Art Workers took place on 2–10 June 1920. More than hundred delegates represented 50780 professionally-organized members of Vserabis on this Congress. The most of leaders of all-Russian RABIS (Vserabis) categorically didn't satisfy their poor representation in Narkompros, but also the nature of the relations, which existed between this Government department and the Trade Union. Representatives of the Trade Union of Art Workers (Vserabis) directly participated in Narkomat and saw that the Narkomat leaders' focus was given first of all to education, schools, the questions of art management had faded into the background. It is why the Trade Union put forward the idea to create an independent Narkomat of the arts. Vserabis numerously returned to this idea and tried to convince VTsSPS and the Government of the need of such a Narkomat. As result, this idea was implemented, but in totally different conditions and in a slightly different form. So, in 1920 the People's Commissariat of Education (Narkompros) proposed another way out, — on the 29 of October 1920, during the joint meeting of the Vserabis Central Committee Presidium, the Communist faction of the Central Committee and of the Collegium of the Narkompros Art Sector, was decided: "... to offer Rabis to participate in the management of the art only through their representatives in the People's Commissariat of Education", it was forbidded for the leadership and local committees of the Trade Union to interfere directly in the management scope, to cancel or suspend orders of the state authorities.[12]

The merger of the Vserabis and Rabpros

One of the main issues, which were discussed during the Second Congress of Art Workers, was the proposition to merge the Union Vserabis with the Union of Education Workers, which had the abbreviation Rabpros, (Russian: Союз Работников Просвещения (Рабпрос)). The most consistent supporter of the merger was Deputy People's Commissar of Education Ye.A. Litkens. Despite the displeasure of the leaders and ordinary members of Vserabis and Rabpros, Litkens managed to convince the members of the VTsSPS Presidium in the justification of this experiment and the Presidium adopted the decision on the 28 of January, 1921. According to the resolution of the Executive Committee of VTsSPS date 1 of July 1921, the all-Russian Trade Union of Art Workers (Vserabis) was merged with the Union of Education Workers (Rabpros).[1][12]

The Third all-Russian Congress of the Union of Art Workers

The magazine "Вестник работников искусств" (English: "Herald of Art Workers") played an important role in the preparations for the Third all-Russian Congress of Vserabis. Third all-Russian Congress of the Union of Atr Workers was carried out between 2 and 8 of October, 1921. It completed the first phase of the institutional development of the Union. 665 departments of Vserabis already worked aactively in the country. 183 delegates came to the Third Congress with casting votes, 83 delegates had advisory votes. The Congress made a number of changes in the Statute of the Union. If the Statute of 1918 fixed the section as a temporary transitional measure, the Statute of 1920 has secured their existence completely, significantly expanding rights. In order to fully perform and better serve the specific interests and peculiarities of everyday life of certain categories of workers, the Statute of 1920 established the existence of the following sections: artists (drama, opera, operetta, ballet, circus, music), musicians, workers of visual arts, workers of cinema and photo, workers of literature, workers and servants of the theater.[12]

1923 and 1924 years

From 1923 RABIS again existed as an independent Trade Union organization. During the 6th Congress (1923) a decision was made about the cultural patronage of the Soviet Army. From 1924 RABIS were called the all-Union Trade Union of Art Workers (Russian: ВСЕсоюзный профессиональный союз РАБотников ИСкусства (ВСЕРАБИС)), but abraviation the same - VSERABIS.[1]

OGPU and Sorabis

Some workers of GPU Political Controle, often they were the censors also, were the Trade Union Sorabis (Union of Art Workers) members and the agents of the GPU at the same time, and it is evident as per their track record. With a conspiratorial purposes, they often changed Trade Union books, this record books called TradeUnion "lipa" (Russian: липа which translated on English: "lindens"), and GPU agents were supplied with Trade Union books by the GPU Secret-operative Department. A document from the archive confirms this:

"Strictest secrecy

To the Trade Union of Art Workers.

The Secret-operative Department of the OGPU Plenipotentiary Representative in Leningrad Military District hereby requests to issue (10) pieces of the membership books for the secret-operative works under the responsibility of the OGPU in the LMD.

                           The head of the PP OGPU in LMD                (Messing) (Signature)

                           The head of the SOCh                          (Raiskiy) (Signature)

                           The head of the 4-th department of the SOCh   (Kutin)   (Sigrature)

30 of December, 1925."[14]

The number of RABIS members

In 1919 - 25 000 members;[13] in 1923 - 50 000 members; in 1926 — 81 000; in 1953 — 150 000.[1]

Press organs of RABIS

RABIS and sport

The level of skill of the actors in 1920-s did not inferior to the sport - club «Rabis» (Trade Union of Art Workers) played volleyball and won in the game with the team of the sports society «Dynamo» (Moscow).[16]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Визуальный словарь >> РАБИС.
  2. ↑ dic.academik.ru >> Словари и энциклопедии на Академике >> Википедия >> Рутковский, Николай Христофорович это:...
  3. ↑ artru.info >> РУТКОВСКИЙ НИКОЛАЙ ХРИСТОФОРОВИЧ. Биография.
  4. ↑ Аллегория Искусства >> Найти Скульптуру Ботулу Николая Христофоровича Музее Японии.
  5. ↑ dic.academik.ru >> Словари и энциклопедии на Академике. >> Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур >> Мосгубрабис это:...
  6. ↑ КЛМН >> Аббревиатуры и сокращения >> МосГУ.
  7. ↑ Архивы России >> Путеводители по архивам России >> Все справочники >> Федеральные архивы >> Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства (РГАЛИ) >> Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства. Путеводитель. Выпуск 8. 2004 >> Список сокращений: Мосгубрабис.
  8. ↑ Вокабула >> Театральная энциклопедия - Покровский.
  9. ↑ Newspaper "Голос трудовой Абхазии" dated 13 of January, 1923. >> Article: "Профессиональная жизнь. Рабис."
  10. 1 2 3 © Calend.ru Календарь событий. >> 13 октября 1883 г. 133 года назад Организовано Всероссийское театральное общество.
  11. ↑ Профсоюз работников культуры Новосибирской области >> Home >> Делопроизводство профсоюзной организации >> Устав, история, гимн, реквизиты >> История профсоюза.
  12. 1 2 3 4 И. В. Сибиряков: «ПРОФСОЮЗ И ИСКУССТВО СОВМЕСТИМАЯ НЕСОВМЕСТИМОСТЬ»
  13. 1 2 3 4 Музыкальная Культура Юга России. Musical Culture of the South Russia. >> А.Ю. Сметанникова: "РАЬИС и его роль в управлении музыкально-художественной практикой в Ростове-на Дону (1919-1924 гг.)".
  14. ↑ Сергей Есенин: тайна смерти (казнь после убийства). (English: Sergei Yesenin: the mystery of death (the punishment after the murder).)
  15. ↑ PiterOldBook антикварные и старые редкие книги. >> Вестник работников искусств.
  16. ↑ Рабиз - Упоминания в других статьях >> Волейбол в СССР.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/24/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.