Eucalyptus tereticornis
| Eucalyptus tereticornis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Buds, seed capsules, flowers and foliage of E. tereticornis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Eucalyptus |
| Species: | E. tereticornis |
| Binomial name | |
| Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. | |
Eucalyptus tereticornis is a species of tree native to eastern Australia.
Eucalyptus tereticornis has several common names, including forest red gum, bastard box, blue gum, flooded gum, grey gum, mountain gum, Queensland blue gum, red gum, red ironbark, red irongum and slaty gum.[1]
Description
The tree grows to a height of 20 to 50 metres with a girth of up to 2 metres dbh. The trunk is straight and is usually un-branched for more than half of the total height of the tree. Thereafter, limbs are unusually steeply inclined for a Eucalyptus species. The bark is shed in irregular sheets, resulting in a smooth trunk surface coloured in patches of white, grey and blue, corresponding to areas that shed their bark at different times.[2]
It has narrow, lanceolate green leaves, from 10 to 20 centimetres long, and one to nearly three centimetres wide. Flowers occur in inflorescences of 7 to 11 flowers.[2]
Taxonomy
Specimens of E. tereticornis were first collected in 1793 by First Fleet surgeon and naturalist John White from Port Jackson. White's findings were published later that year by James Edward Smith in Zoology and Botany of New Holland.[2] It was later republished by Smith in his 1795 edition of A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland.[3] Smith gave it the specific epithet tereticornis from the Latin teretus ("terete", meaning circular in transverse cross-section) and cornu ("horn"), in reference to the horn-shaped bud cap.[4]
Eucalyptus tereticornis has had a fairly complex taxonomic history. Synonyms include:[5]
- Eucalyptus tereticornis var. pruiniflora (Blakely) Cameron
- Eucalyptus insignis Naudin
- Eucalyptus populifolia Desf.
- Eucalyptus subulata Schauer
- Eucalyptus umbellata (Gaertn.) Domin nom. illeg.
- Eucalyptus umbellata var. pruiniflora Blakely
- Leptospermum umbellatum Gaertn.
There have also been evidence of numerous subspecies and varieties published, but the only ones remaining current are E. tereticornis subsp. mediana and the autonym E. tereticornis subsp. tereticornis. Some hybrids have been reported.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The species has a wide distribution, occurring over the widest range of latitudes of any Eucalyptus species: from southern Papua New Guinea at latitude 15°S, to southeastern Victoria at latitude 38°S.[4] The forest red gum is one of the key canopy species of the threatened Cumberland Plain Woodlands.[6]
Uses
E. tereticornis has a strong, hard and durable heartwood, with a density of about 1100 kg m−3. It is used for construction in heavy engineering, such as for railway sleepers.[2]
The leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis are used in the production of cineole based eucalyptus oil.[7]
References
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- ↑ "Australian Plant Common Name Database". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
- 1 2 3 4 Boland, D. J.; et al. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia (4th ed.). ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
- ↑ Smith, James Edward (1793). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. London: James Sowerby.
- 1 2 Boland, D. J.; et al. (1985). Forest Trees of Australia (4th ed.). ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
- 1 2 "Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ↑ Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (20 June 2011). "Cumberland Plain Woodlands". Australian Government. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, Eucalyptus Leaf Oils, 1991, ISBN 0-909605-69-6