House of Liechtenstein
House of Liechtenstein | |
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Country | Liechtenstein |
Titles |
Prince of Liechtenstein Duke of Troppau Duke of Jägerndorf Count of Rietberg |
Founded | 1608 |
Founder | Karl I |
Current head | Hans-Adam II |
The Liechtenstein dynasty, from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by constitutional, hereditary right over the nation of Liechtenstein. Only dynastic members of the House of Liechtenstein are eligible to inherit the throne, and the dynasty's membership, rights and responsibilities are defined by a law of the family, which is enforced by the reigning Prince and may be altered by vote among the family's dynasts, but which may not be altered by the Government or Parliament of Liechtenstein.[1]
History
The family comes from Castle Liechtenstein in Lower Austria, which the family possessed from at least 1140 to the 13th century, and from 1807 onwards. Through the centuries, the dynasty acquired vast swathes of land, predominantly in Moravia, Lower Austria, Silesia and Styria, though in all cases, these territories were held in fief under other more senior feudal lords, particularly under various lines of the Habsburg family, to whom several Liechtenstein princes served as close advisors. Thus, and without any territory held directly under the Imperial throne, the Liechtenstein dynasty was unable to meet a primary requirement to qualify for a seat in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).
A seat in the Imperial government would add power, and would be afforded by lands which would be immediate, or held without any feudal personage other than the Holy Roman Emperor himself having rights on the land. The head of the family was able to arrange the purchase from the Hohenems family of the minuscule Lordship of Schellenberg in 1699, and the County of Vaduz in 1712. Schellenberg and Vaduz indeed had no feudal lord other than their comital sovereign and the suzerain Emperor.
On 23 January 1719, after the purchase had been made, Charles VI as Holy Roman Emperor decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg to be united and raised to the dignity of a Principality by the name of "Liechtenstein", in honour of "[his] true servant, Anton Florian of Liechtenstein". On this date Liechtenstein became a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Princes of Liechtenstein did not set foot in their new principality for several decades, a testament to the pure political expediency of the purchases.
According to the Constitution of the Princely House of Liechtenstein of 26 October 1993, all members other than the reigning prince shall bear the titles Prince or Princess of Liechtenstein and Count or Countess of Rietberg.
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Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (1569 - 1627), created Prince in 1608, Viceroy of Bohemia 1622
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Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein (1662 - 1712), acquired the territory of the Principality
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Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein (1760 - 1836), the last prince to rule under the Holy Roman Empire and the first ruler of a sovereign state from 1806
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Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1840 - 1929), allied the principality with Switzerland after the downfall of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918
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Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1906 - 1989), remained neutral throughout World War II
21st-century princely family (closest members)
Styles of Princes(ses) of Liechtenstein | |
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Reference style | His/Her Serene Highness |
Spoken style | Your Serene Highness |
Alternative style | Sir/Ma'am |
- TSH Prince Hans-Adam II and Princess Marie
- HSH Hereditary Prince Alois and HRH Hereditary Princess Sophie
- HSH Prince Joseph Wenzel
- HSH Princess Marie-Caroline
- HSH Prince Georg Antonius
- HSH Prince Nikolaus Sebastian
- TSH Prince Maximilian and Princess Angela
- HSH Prince Alfons
- TSH Prince Constantin and Princess Marie
- HSH Prince Moritz
- HSH Princess Georgina
- HSH Prince Benedikt
- HSH Princess Tatjana
- HSH Hereditary Prince Alois and HRH Hereditary Princess Sophie
- TSH Prince Philipp Erasmus and Princess Isabelle
- TSH Prince Alexander and Princess Astrid
- HSH Princess Theodora
- HSH Prince Wenzeslaus
- TSH Prince Rudolf and Princess Tılsım
- TSH Prince Alexander and Princess Astrid
- HSH Prince Nikolaus and HRH Princess Margaretha
- HSH Princess Maria-Annunciata
- HSH Princess Marie-Astrid
- HSH Prince Josef-Emanuel
- HSH Princess Nora, Dowager Marchioness of Mariño
Tree list
Below are all male and male-line dynastic descendants of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein. The numbers represent the positions in the line of succession.
- Prince Johann I Josef (1760–1836)
- Prince Alois II (1796–1858)
- Prince Johann II (1840–1929)
- Prince Franz I (1853–1938)
- Prince Franz de Paula (1802–1887)
- Prince Alfred (1842–1907)
- Prince Franz de Paula (1868–1929)
- Prince Alois (1869–1955)
- Prince Franz Josef II (1906–1989)
- Prince Hans-Adam II (born 1945)
- (1) Hereditary Prince Alois (b. 1968)
- (2) Prince Joseph Wenzel (b. 1995)
- (3) Prince Georg (b. 1999)
- (4) Prince Nikolaus (b. 2000)
- (5) Prince Maximilian (b. 1969)
- (6) Prince Alfons (b. 2001)
- (7) Prince Constantin (b. 1972)
- (8) Prince Moritz (b. 2003)
- (9) Prince Benedikt (b. 2008)
- (1) Hereditary Prince Alois (b. 1968)
- (10) Prince Philipp (b. 1946)
- (11) Prince Alexander (b. 1972)
- (12) Prince Wenzeslaus (b. 1974)
- (13) Prince Rudolf (b. 1975)
- (14) Prince Nikolaus (b. 1947)
- Prince Leopold (1984)
- (15) Prince Josef-Emanuel (b. 1989)
- Prince Franz Josef (Wenzel) (1962–1991)
- Prince Hans-Adam II (born 1945)
- Prince Karl Alfred (1910–1985)
- Prince Dominik (1950–2009)
- (16) Prince Andreas (b. 1952)
- (17) Prince Gregor (b. 1954)
- Prince Georg (1911–1998)
- (18) Prince Christoph (b. 1958)
- Prince Ulrich (1913–1978)
- Prince Aloys (1917–1967)
- Prince Heinrich (1920–1993)
- (19) Prince Hubertus (b. 1971)
- Prince Franz Josef II (1906–1989)
- Prince Johannes (1873–1959)
- Prince Alfred (1907–1991)
- (20) Prince Franz (b. 1935)
- (21) Prince Alfred (b. 1972)
- (22) Prince Franz (b. 2009)
- (23) Prince Lukas (b. 1974)
- (21) Prince Alfred (b. 1972)
- Prince Friedrich (1937–2010)
- (24) Prince Emanuel (b. 1978)
- (25) Prince Leopold (b. 2010)
- (26) Prince Heinrich (b. 2012)
- (27) Prince Ulrich (b. 1983)
- (24) Prince Emanuel (b. 1978)
- (28) Prince Anton (b. 1940)
- (29) Prince Georg (b. 1977)
- (20) Prince Franz (b. 1935)
- Prince Emanuel (1908–1987)
- Prince Johannes (1910–1975)
- (30) Prince Eugen (b. 1939)
- (31) Prince Johannes (b. 1969)
- Prince Albrecht (b. 1940) (took the title of Baron von Landskron)
- (30) Prince Eugen (b. 1939)
- Prince Constantin (1911–2001)
- Prince Alfred (1907–1991)
- Prince Alfred (1875–1930)
- Prince Hans-Moritz (1914–2004)
- (32) Prince Gundakar (b. 1949)
- (33) Prince Johann (b. 1993)
- (34) Prince Gabriel (b. 1998)
- (35) Prince Alfred (b. 1951)
- (36) Prince Karl (b. 1955)
- (37) Prince Hugo (b. 1964)
- (32) Prince Gundakar (b. 1949)
- Prince Heinrich (1916–1991)
- Prince Vincenz (1950–2008)
- (38) Prince Michael (b. 1951)
- (39) Prince Christof (b. 1956)
- (40) Prince Karl (b. 1957)
- Prince Hans-Moritz (1914–2004)
- Prince Heinrich (1877–1915)
- Prince Karl Aloys (1878–1955)
- Prince Wilhelm (1922–2006) (took the title of Graf von Hohenau)
- (41) Prince Wolfgang (b. 1934)
- (42) Prince Leopold (b. 1978)
- (43) Prince Lorenz (b. 2012)
- (42) Prince Leopold (b. 1978)
- Prince Georg (1880–1931)
- Prince Aloys (1846–1920)
- Prince Heinrich (1853–1914)
- Prince Alfred (1842–1907)
- Prince Karl Johann (1803–1871)
- Prince Rudolf (1833–1888)
- Prince Philipp (1837–1901)
- Prince Karl (1862–1893)
- Prince Joseph (1863)
- Prince Friedrich (1807–1885)
- Prince Eduard Franz (1809–1864)
- Prince Aloys (1840–1885)
- Prince Friedrich (1871–1959)
- Prince Aloys (1898–1943)
- Prince Luitpold (1940–2016)
- Prince Friedrich (1970)
- (44) Prince Carl (b. 1978)
- Prince Luitpold (1940–2016)
- Prince Alfred (1900–1972)
- Prince Alexander (1929–2012)
- (45) Prince Christian (b. 1961)
- (46) Prince Augustinus (b. 1992)
- (47) Prince Johannes (b. 1995)
- (48) Prince Stefan (b. 1961)
- (49) Prince Lukas (b. 1990)
- (50) Prince Konrad (b. 1992)
- (51) Prince Emanuel (b. 1964)
- (52) Prince Josef (b. 1998)
- (45) Prince Christian (b. 1961)
- Prince Franz de Paula (1935–1987)
- Prince Alexander (1929–2012)
- Prince Alexander (1901–1926)
- Prince Aloys (1898–1943)
- Prince Eduard (1872–1951)
- Prince Johannes (1899–1979)
- Prince Ferdinand (1901–1981)
- Prince Friedrich (1871–1959)
- Prince Aloys (1840–1885)
- Prince August (1810–1884)
- Prince Rudolf (1816–1848)
- Prince Alois II (1796–1858)
Palaces and residences
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Vaduz Castle, the Sovereign's residence in the Principality of Liechtenstein
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Castle Liechtenstein in Lower Austria, ancestral seat, now family museum
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Liechtenstein Garden Palace in Vienna (painted by Canaletto 1759/60), now home to the princely 16th - 18th-century art collection
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Liechtenstein City Palace in Vienna, private residence and home to the princely 19th-century art collection
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Wilfersdorf Castle, Lower Austria, the prince's Austrian country estate
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Valtice Castle in the Czech Republic used to be the principal seat of the Liechtenstein family until after World War II, when the government confiscated it.
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Lednice Castle in the Czech Republic (confiscated in 1945)
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Velké Losiny Castle in the Czech Republic (confiscated in 1945)
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Riegersburg Castle, Austria, seat of a branch line
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Frauental Castle, Austria, seat of a branch line
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Waldstein Castle, Deutschfeistritz, Austria, seat of a branch line
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Rosegg House, Austria, seat of a branch line
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Hollenegg Castle, Austria, seat of a branch line
See also
- List of Princes of Liechtenstein
- List of Princesses of Liechtenstein
- Line of succession to the Throne of Liechtenstein
- Liechtenstein Museum for the important princely art collection
References
- ↑ Princely House of Liechtenstein. House Laws