Dipturus teevani
| Prickly brown ray | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Order: | Rajiformes |
| Family: | Rajidae |
| Genus: | Dipturus |
| Species: | D. teevani |
| Binomial name | |
| Dipturus teevani (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1951) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The prickly brown ray (Dipturus teevani) is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Rajidae. It is also known as the Caribbean skate.[1] The prickly brown ray is medium in size compared to other skates, and is known from a patchy, deep-water distribution in the western Atlantic Ocean.[1]
Etymology
The prickly brown ray's genus name, Dipturus, comes from the two Greek words: δι (di), meaning "two", and πτερύγια (pteryx), meaning fin.[2] Its species name is a reference to ichthyologist John Teevan, in appreciation for the help he gave the authors Bigelow and Schroeder when he worked as editor-in-chief for the book, Fishes of the Western Atlantic.[3]
Taxonomy
The prickly brown ray was first given the name Raja teevani by its discoverers, Henry Bryant Bigelow and William Charles Schroeder, after being caught accidentally on a shrimp related expedition in the Gulf of Mexico in the winter of 1950-1951.[3] The species was encountered again by Bigelow and Schroeder in 1962, and specimens were given the name Raja floridana.[4] Animals under both names have since been moved to the genus Dipturus by Jacob and McEachran, but the name teevani was kept.[5]
Description
Prickly brown rays are considered medium sized rays, with a maximum total length of 84 cm, while males reach maturity around 63 cm.[1] They normally are light/pale brown on top and cream-colored to dusky on bottom.[6] Both the dorsal and caudal fins are black, and the dorsal fin is fully connected at its base.[6] The anterior margins and the trailing tips of the pectoral fins are both concave, and they are incised deeply near the tail.[6][7] Visible thorns (denticles) are only found near the eyes and in a single row on the top of the tail.[6] Like many other skates and rays, the eggs of the prickly brown ray have horn-like projections.[6]
Dipturus teevani can be distinguished from other rays in its genus by its long snout (22% of total length), which forms an acute angle with the pectoral fins (around 70°).[7] The length of the pectoral fin radials is roughly 40% the length of the snout.[7] The mouth is slightly arched on either side of the symphysis and the upper jaw contains 36 to 38 rows of teeth.[7] The oronasal pit is absent, and the anterior (the larger of the two) and posterior pelvic lobes are connected to each other by a fin-membrane.[7] The prickly brown ray's tail can be from 48% to 53% of the total length and is just as wide at its middle as its base.[7]
Distribution and habitat
The prickly brown ray has a rather fragmented range in the western Atlantic, where it is native.[1] Large regions: from North Carolina to the Florida Keys, from the northern Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Lesser Antilles, coasts of Nicaragua, Honduras and Colombia are known to support it.[6] They have also been found in smaller-sized areas of the southern Gulf of Mexico and the coasts of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana and northern Brazil.[1]
Prickly brown rays are usually bottom dwelling and live on the upper continental slope (specifically the southeast U.S. continental shelf and the north Brazil shelf) at depths from 311– 732 meters.[8][9] Despite their occurrence on two shelves, as well at the open Atlantic and Caribbean Sea, little is known about their life habits or behavior because they are seldom caught.[1][10]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Brash, J.M. & McEachran, J.D. (2009). "Dipturus teevani)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ↑ Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished.
- 1 2 Bigelow, H. B. and W. C. Schroeder 1951 (Dec.) Three new skates and a new chimaerid fish from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 41 (no. 12): 383-392.
- ↑ Bigelow, H. B. and W. C. Schroeder 1962 (31 Dec.) New and little known batoid fishes from the Western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 128 (no. 4): 161-244, Pl. 1.
- ↑ Jacob, B.A. and J.D. McEachran, 1994. Status of two species of skates, Raja (Dipturus) teevani and R. (D.) floridana (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei), from the western north Atlantic. Copeia 1994(2):433-445.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kells, Val., Carpenter, Kent. A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes From Maine to Texas. 2011. Johns Hopkins University Press. pg 86.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 McEachran, J., Fechhelm, J., Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 1. 1998. University of Texas Press, Austin. p. 158
- ↑ Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.), 1983. Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.
- ↑ Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder, 1953. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
- ↑ Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD.