Phi Fa

Phi Fa (Thai: ผีฟ้า, Lao: ຜີຟ້າ) is a ghost or spirit of the local folklore of Northeast Thailand (Isan) and Laos. It is also known as Nang Fa (นางฟ้า) or Phi Thaen (ผีแถน) and is often represented as a woman having a malevolent side related to the cannibalistic pop phi.^[1] Phi Fa is believed to bring about disease and natural disasters.

Phi Fa ritual

The Phi Fa Ritual is a practice preferably celebrated for a person that recovers after convalescence from a serious disease. The shaman is the medium, that is able to contact Phi Fa and invite her to take part in the ceremony. The shaman selects the suitable date and location for the ceremony, instructs the people during the preparation of the ritual, controls the correct decoration of the sacrificial altar and conducts the full ceremony.

Music, Chanting and Dancing are indispensable elements of the Phi Fa Ritual. The khaen, a bamboo mouth organ, is the central music instrument of the ritual. It is creating a sacred atmosphere when used to accompany ritual prayers and devotions and it is engaging the participants of the ritual while leading the rhythmic dancing around the sacrificial altar. Especially for the latter dedication the Khaen is accompanied by the phing (a guitar-like stringed instrument), by a hand drum and by ching (small bells, cymbals). The genre of chanting is very similar to mor lam, the traditional music of Lao and Northeast-Thailand.

The guests of a Phi Fa Ritual involve themselves into this highly spiritual ceremony with dancing around a decorated sacrificial altar. The dance lasts a full night and creates trance conditions for many of the participants. They believe Phi Fa will participate the ceremony and they expect healing and protection from unfavorable fortune.

The steps of the ritual are related to the songs chanted by the shaman and are always accompanied by the khaen. This is because the khaen is believed to be an important mean to communicate with the gods and the spirits. The steps of the ritual are as follows: Inviting the gods or spirits, explaining the reason for the invitation, pray for assistance, pray for protection, consoling the patient, re-calling the spirit that has fled the patient, inviting Phi Fa to accept the offerings, Baasii ritual, fortune telling and take leave of Phi Fa.

The Baasii Ritual

The baasii ceremony is an important part of Lao culture and few Lao would consider undertaking a long journey or important endeavor without holding one. The faithful sit around a small table on which a variety of offerings are displayed – bananas, sticky rice, biscuits, money and rice whiskey. An elder or a shaman recites the blessing, while everyone touches the offerings or, if they can’t reach, the elbow of someone touching the offerings. The elder or the shaman ties a piece of string around the wrist. In Lao tradition, the soul consists of many guardian spirits that occasionally wander away from their owner. These must be called back and bound to the body to ensure a person is properly protected before any important undertaking. Once the elder has finished other participants continue tying loops of string. Yet more string is produced and finally everyone ties string around each other’s wrists, whispering good wishes all the while. It is believed that the string must be worn for at least three full days to ensure the desired effect.^[2]

Phi Fa dance

Lam Phi Fa (ລຳຜີຟ້າ, ลำผีฟ้า, IPA: [lam pʰiː faː]) is part of the ritual to propitiate spirits in cases of possession. Musically it derived from Lam Tang Yao; however, it was performed not by trained musicians but by those (most commonly old women) who were thought themselves to have been cured by the ritual.^[3]

In his Traditional Music of the Lao, Terry Miller identifies five factors which helped to produce the various genres of lam or dance in Isan: animism, Buddhism, story telling, ritual courtship and male-female competitive folk music; one of these is Lam Phi Fa, the Phi Fa dance.^[4] Lam Phi Fa, together with Lam Phuen is one of the oldest genres.

Modern adaptations

Jao Nang "The Princess' Terror",^[5] Pob Pee Fah^[6] and its 2009 remake^[7] are Thai television soap operas (ละคร) based on the Phi Fa / Phi Pop legend.

Bibliography

• Warawut Roengbuthra & Bussakorn Sumrongthong, Phi Faa Ritual Music of the Northeastern Part of Thailand, Voices, Vol 6(1), March 1, 2006

References

External links

• ลำผีฟ้า - Phi Fa dance
• Sumrongthong, Bussakorn (2004). Music Therapy in Thailand. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy
• Ram Taen ritual