Murdannia

Murdannia
Murdannia semiteres in Hyderabad, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Commelinales
Family: Commelinaceae
Subfamily: Commelinoideae
Tribe: Commelineae
Genus: Murdannia
Royle, 1839
Type species
M. edulis
(Stokes) Faden
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Baoulia A. Chev.
  • Dichaespermum Wight
  • Dilasia Raf.
  • Phaeneilema G. Brückn.
  • Prionostachys Hassk.
  • Streptylis Raf.
  • Ditelesia Raf.
  • Talipulia Raf.

Murdannia is a genus of annual or perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family.

The genus is one of the largest in the family. They are most easily distinguished from other genera in the family by their three-lobed or spear-shaped antherodes (i.e. non-functional anthers).[3] Also, along with the closely related genus Anthericopsis, it is the only genus with staminodes (i.e. non-functional stamens) opposite the petals.[4]

Murdannia are found in tropical regions across the globe with extensions into warm temperate areas.[1] Typically, Murdannia species are found in open areas in mesic soils. However, some are semi-aquatic, and a limited few are found in closed forest situations. Three species are naturalized in the (Murdannia keisak, M. nudiflora and M. spirata).[5][6][7]

The genus is named in honor of Murdan Ali, a plant collector who worked for James Forbes Royle and maintained the herbarium at Saharunpore, India.[6][8] He was a munshi who took a keen interest in natural history and under the training of Falconer, Royle and Edgeworth had become a proficient botanist who compiled a vernacular flora of northern India and the Himalayas which was however never published.[9]

Species[1]
  1. Murdannia acutifolia (Lauterb. & K.Schum.) Faden - New Guinea
  2. Murdannia allardii (De Wild.) Brenan - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre
  3. Murdannia assamica Nampy & Ancy - Assam
  4. Murdannia audreyae Faden - Sri Lanka
  5. Murdannia axillaris Brenan - Kenya, Zanzibar, Pemba
  6. Murdannia blumei (Hassk.) Brenan - Indian Subcontinent, Java, Myanmar, Malaya
  7. Murdannia bracteata (C.B.Clarke) J.K.Morton ex D.Y.Hong - southern China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  8. Murdannia brownii Nandikar & Gurav - western India
  9. Murdannia citrina D.Fang - Guangxi in China
  10. Murdannia clandestina (Ridl.) Faden - Peninsular Malaysia
  11. Murdannia clarkeana Brenan - Central African Republic, Chad, Kenya
  12. Murdannia crocea (Griff.) Faden - India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
  13. Murdannia cryptantha Faden - New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory of Australia
  14. Murdannia dimorpha (Dalzell) G.Brückn. - southern India
  15. Murdannia dimorphoides Faden - Sri Lanka
  16. Murdannia divergens (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern China, Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam
  17. Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden - southern China, Himalayas, Indochina, Java, Bali, Philippines, New Guinea
  18. Murdannia esculenta (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - India, Sri Lanka
  19. Murdannia fadeniana Nampy & Joby - Kerala State in India
  20. Murdannia fasciata (Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb.) G.Brückn. - New Guinea
  21. Murdannia gardneri (Seub.) G.Brückn. - Brazil
  22. Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G.Brückn. - Madagascar, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales
  23. Murdannia glauca (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - India, Sri Lanka
  24. Murdannia graminea (R.Br.) G.Brückn. - Vietnam, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales, Western Australia
  25. Murdannia hookeri (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - Assam, southern China
  26. Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden - China, Japan, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo
  27. Murdannia juncoides (Wight) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - Kerala + Tamil Nadu in India
  28. Murdannia kainantensis (Masam.) D.Y.Hong - southern China
  29. Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. - Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Russia (Amur + Primorye), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal; naturalized in parts of United States
  30. Murdannia lanceolata (Wight) Kammathy - India, Sri Lanka
  31. Murdannia lanuginosa (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern India
  32. Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - China, Taiwan, Tibet, Ryukyu Islands, Bonin Islands, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines, New Guinea
  33. Murdannia macrocarpa D.Y.Hong - Yunnan, Guangdong, Cambodia
  34. Murdannia medica (Lour.) D.Y.Hong - Yunnan, Guangdong, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam
  35. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Western Australia, Micronesia; naturalized in Hawaii, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, Sierra Leone, Congo-Brazzaville, Cook Islands
  36. Murdannia paraguayensis (C.B.Clarke ex Chodat) G.Brückn. - Paraguay, Brazil
  37. Murdannia pauciflora (G.Brückn.) G.Brückn. - southern India
  38. Murdannia sahyadrica Ancy & Nampy - Maharashtra
  39. Murdannia satheeshiana Joby, Nisha & Unni - southern India
  40. Murdannia schomburgkiana (Kunth) G.Brückn. - Guyana, Brazil
  41. Murdannia semifoliata(C.B.Clarke ex S.Moore) G.Brückn. - Brazil
  42. Murdannia semiteres (Dalzell) Santapau - Zaire, Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Iran, Yemen, India, Vietnam
  43. Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan - sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Indian Subcontinent, southern China, Indochina, Queensland
  44. Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden - southern China, Indochina, Philippines
  45. Murdannia spirata (L.) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines; naturalized in Florida + Samoa
  46. Murdannia stenothyrsa (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. - Sichuan, Yunnan
  47. Murdannia striatipetala Faden - Sri Lanka
  48. Murdannia stricta Brenan - Zaire, Rwanda
  49. Murdannia tenuissima (A.Chev.) Brenan - tropical Africa
  50. Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indochina, Himalayas
  51. Murdannia undulata D.Y.Hong - Yunnan
  52. Murdannia vaginata (L.) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines, Queensland, Northern Territory
  53. Murdannia versicolor (Dalzell) G.Brückn. - India, Vietnam, Philippines
  54. Murdannia yunnanensis D.Y.Hong - Yunnan
  55. Murdannia zeylanica (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - India, Sri Lanka

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Tropicos
  3. ↑ Faden, Robert B. (1998), "Commelinaceae", in Kubitzki, Klaus, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, 4, Berlin: Springer, pp. 109–128, ISBN 3-540-64061-4
  4. ↑ Evans, Timothy M.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Faden, Robert B.; Givnish, Thomas J. (2003), "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A Cladistic Analysis of rbcL Sequences and Morphology", Systematic Botany, 28 (2): 270–292, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-28.2.270
  5. ↑ Shinners, L. H. 1962. Aneilema (Commelinaceae) in the United States. Sida 1: 100--101.
  6. 1 2 Flora of North America v 22 p 190.
  7. ↑ Faden, Robert B. 2001. New taxa of Murdannia (Commelinaceae) from Sir Lanka. Novon 11:22-30.
  8. ↑ Royle, John Forbes. Illustrations of the Botany ... of the Himalayan Mountains ... 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839.
  9. ↑ Arnold, David (2005). The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape, and Science 1800-1856. Orient Blackswan. p. 183.
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