Percutaneous nephrostomy

Percutaneous nephrostomy is an interventional radiology/surgical procedure in which the renal pelvis is punctured whilst using imaging as guidance. Images are obtained once an antegrade pyelogram (an injection of contrast), with a fine needle, has been performed. This contrast is used to show calcifications at the renal pelvis. A nephrostomy tube may then be placed to allow drainage.^[1]

References

↑ Longmore, Murray; Ian Wilkinson; Tom Turmezei; Chee Kay Cheung (2007). Oxford Handbook of Clinicial Medicine, 7th edition. Oxford University Press. p. 731. ISBN 0-19-856837-1.

General

Medical imaging:	Pyelogram (Intravenous pyelogram, Retrograde pyelogram) Kidneys, ureters, and bladder x-ray Radioisotope renography Cystography Retrograde urethrogram Voiding cystourethrogram Urodynamic testing Cystometry

other:	Urinary catheterization Dialysis Lithotripsy: Laser lithotripsy Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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