Pedro de Villagra

Pedro de Villagra
From left to right: García Hurtado de Mendoza, Pedro de Villagra and Rodrigo de Quiroga in an illustration by Alonso de Ovalle
Royal Governor of Chile
In office 1563–1565
Monarch	Philip II
Preceded by	Francisco de Villagra
Succeeded by	Rodrigo de Quiroga
Personal details
Born	1513 Mombeltrán, Ávila, Spain
Died	11 September 1577 Lima, Peru
Religion	Catholic
Military service
Allegiance	Spain
Years of service	1530s–1565
Battles/wars	Conquest of Chile Battle of Peteroa Siege of Concepción

Pedro de Villagra y Martínez (Mombeltrán, Ávila Province ; 1513 - Lima; September 11, 1577) was a Spanish soldier who participated in the conquest of Chile, being appointed its Royal Governor between 1563 and 1565.

His father was Juan de Villagra, a minor civil official. In 1537 he moved from Spain to Cartagena de Indias, then to Santa Marta and later Peru. He arrived in Chile with the expedition of Pedro de Valdivia.

With the founding of Santiago, Villagra held for 4 years the post of the city's mayor. Valdivia also granted him an encomienda in Tirúa. After the death of the governor, he moved back to Peru, where he married Beatriz de Figueroa.

He returned to Chile when his nephew (cousin?) Francisco de Villagra was governor for the first time. He fought in the Arauco War and took command of the southern forces when the governor became ill. In 1556 he commanded the forces that drove Lautaro back from Santiago in the Battle of Peteroa.

He again commanded forces under Francisco de Villagra when he became governor again in 1561. When Francisco de Villagra died on June 22, 1563, he left Pedro de Villagra as interim governor. This was later confirmed by the Viceroy of Peru, Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco. His military strategy led him to concentrate his forces, vacating the fort Arauco in order to reinforce Angol and Concepción. Some of the worst Mapuche defeats would be suffered through the attack on Angol, where the garrisoning forces led by Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado inflicted over a thousand of casualties and killed the toqui Illangulién in the Battle of Angol. Later he headed a new campaign in the south, relieving the Siege of Concepcion and resulting in the victorious battles of Reinohuelen and Tolmillán against the Mapuches north of the Bio-Bio River. This series of defeats resulted in a few years of apparent peace between the Spanish and Mapuche.

With the death of the viceroy López de Zúñiga y Velasco in 1564 the political situation deteriorated for Villagra. In 1565, at the orders of the new viceroy Lope García de Castro, he was replaced by Rodrigo de Quiroga, arrested, and sent to Peru, where he managed to clear his name. After his absolution he petitioned the king for the reparations he believed himself due, but he never received a response.

He died in Lima on September 11, 1577.

References

This article was translated from the Spanish wiki article on March 22-3, 2006.

Royal Governors of Chile
Valdivia F.Villagra Hurtado de Mendoza F.Villagra P.Villagra Quiroga Bravo de Saravia Quiroga Ruiz de Gamboa Sotomayor Viscarra Óñez de Loyola Viscarra Quiñónez García de Ramón Ribera García de Ramón Merlo de la Fuente Jaraquemada Ribera Talaverano Ulloa y Lemos De la Cerda Osores Álava Fernández de Córdoba Laso de la Vega López de Zúñiga Mujica Figueroa Acuña Cabrera Porter González Montero Peredo Meneses Dávila González Montero Henríquez de Villalobos Garro Marín de Poveda Ibáñez Ustariz Santiago Concha Cano de Aponte Sánchez de la Barreda Salamanca Manso de Velasco Ovando Ortíz de Rosas Amat Berroeta Guill y Gonzaga Balmaseda Morales Jáuregui Álvarez de Acevedo Benavides Álvarez de Acevedo O'Higgins Rezabal Avilés Del Pino Santiago Concha Diez de Medina Muñoz de Guzmán Rodríguez Ballesteros García Carrasco Toro Zambrano Osorio Marcó del Pont