Peche Island

Peche Island

Peche Island
Geography
Location	Detroit River
Coordinates	42°20′45″N 82°55′31″W / 42.34583°N 82.92528°W / 42.34583; -82.92528Coordinates: 42°20′45″N 82°55′31″W / 42.34583°N 82.92528°W / 42.34583; -82.92528
Area	86 acres (35 ha)
Highest elevation	574 ft (175 m)
Administration
Canada
Province	Ontario
County	Essex
City	Windsor
Demographics
Population	0 (permanent)

Peche Island (French pronunciation anglicized to /ˈpiːtʃ/, therefore occasionally misspelled “Peach”), is an uninhabited, currently 86-acre (35 ha) (reduced by erosion from a 1965 measurement of 109 acres / 43.7 ha) Canadian-owned island in the Detroit River, at its opening into Lake Saint Clair. It is 1.2 miles (1.9 km) east of U.S.-owned Belle Isle, and 360 yards (330 m) from the Windsor shore.

The island was formed from a peninsula of the Canadian shore by the action of the Detroit River. There is a central marsh on the island. The present channel was eroded until the core of the island remained. There are man-made channels cut through the island to ensure fresh water supply and recreational opportunities. The island's flora and fauna have been heavily impacted by human activity, and the forest is the result of a rehabilitation programme.

Formerly an Ontario provincial park, ownership was transferred to the City of Windsor in 1999. The Saint Lawrence Seaway passes 200 yards (183 m) off its western shore and daily 1,000-foot-long (300 m) ships pass.

The island offers attractive Detroit city views, a wide sandy beach and shallow river bottom, and is a favourite with summer boaters. There is no water taxi service to the island but boaters, canoers and kayakers can enjoy the island's trails and beaches and approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) of canals. The park is open only during the day. Sailors are advised to anchor along the southern shore of the island, abeam the Windsor Yacht Club. Speed between red buoy DP2 west of Peche Island and green buoy DP5 east of Peche Island must be held below 5 knots (9 km/h). For kayakers, the circumnavigation distance is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km).

From November through March large numbers of waterfowl, especially canvasback, redhead, lesser scaup, common goldeneye and common merganser are all found in the nearby waters. Peregrine falcons and bald eagles are often attracted by these large flocks and can sometimes be seen perched in the island's larger treetops, or in the nesting platforms constructed by the Essex County Field Naturalists' Club. Muskie and walleye, bigmouth bass, bluegill and perch are found in the waters surrounding the island, and fishing pressures are reported low. Water quality is good, and carefully monitored, as the City of Windsor's supply is drawn from nearby. Peche Island is one of the few places where the rare Blue Ash tree (Fraxinus quadrangulata) can be found.

Name

Early French explorers' maps state the island was named Isle au Large, or Isle du Large. Possible meanings include “at a distance,” since Peche Island is the farthest island upstream, on the Detroit River, before entering Lake St. Clair or “keep your distance,” because of dangerous shallows on the north side.

The island was next called variations of "Peche" Isle, including Isle aux Pecheurs and Isle a la Peche (Isle à la Peche), the French word for fish – the island was once used as a fishing station. Local accounts from folk onomastics have incorrectly derived the name from a peach orchard once located there, or connected the name with the French word for "sin," claiming the island was once the preferred site for duels and assignations.

History

Foggy morning inside the island.

Gorgeous autumn evening inside the island.

Treetop view from inside the island.

The island was used by natives and Ottawa Indian Chief Pontiac in the summer months. It was a known as a Native fishing village because of the abundance of white fish in the waters surrounding it. After the coming of the Europeans, one Alexis Maisonville purchased the island in 1774 from the Ottawa Indians (Upper Canada Land Board Minutes in the District of Hess 1765-1790). This purchase was later revoked by Governor Dorchester and all islands became Indian Lands.

The first and only known permanent residents of the island were a French-Canadian family named LaForest. In 1775 Louisa St. Aubin gives birth to an illegitimate (native) son Charles in 1774, she married on Feb 02 1780 at Ste Anne church Detroit to Antoine LaForest, son of William and Marguerite Tremblay settler's at Grosse Pointe ( Grande Marias) in 1750 when the King gives land grants for settlement in Detroit. She gives birth to her second child in 15 Jan 1781 Jean Marie Laforest who may have been the first Laforest to be born on Peche Island. There is evidence that the LaForest were living with and treated as if they were Indians at this time. There is also evidence that her Grandmother Louise Gauthier St. Aubin was fluent in the native language and went to the Ottawa village to exchange her baked good for honey and bear grease. See Detroit News article Peche Parade Sept 12 1955 and testimony from her uncle Gabriel St. Aubin about the Battle of Bloody Run.

They shared the island with local natives. According to Laforest family records the LaForest dit Tineau families never had a deed to the island. They did ask for Liberty of the island in 1832. They received the right to fish on it. Even when in 1857, ownership was transferred to the Crown by the Chippewa Indians, they were not asked to leave the island. A Survey done by J. Barthey on Feb 14 1859 shows three homes on the island. They are log huts and 16 x 32 ft with an outhouse behind each one. The names on the homes are Charles Jr, Oliver and Benjamin. Charles and Benjamin are sons of Charles LaForest dit Tineau and Ursula Soulliere. Oliver is the son of Joseph LaForest and Marie Anne Casavan. Oliver leaves the island and his brother Leon takes it from him.

In the tax rolls of 1868 in Sandwich Ontario these three are listed as living on Peche Island, there names are Charles Teno Lafforette, Benjamin Teno Lafforette and Leon Lafforette. They have 18 acres of land each.It is Charles LaForest dit Tineau's sons that sell the island for 300 dollars to William Gasper Hall. They leave Peche Island to farm on land across from the island where their brothers Jean Baptist and Antoine have been farming since 1838.

It is Leon and his wife and family that remained on the island after the sale. They were very poor. In 1877 he could not pay his taxes of $13.92 and was listed as a very poor person. He died in 1881 in Tecumseh Ontario. His daughter Sophie Rose Champine on behalf of her mother Rosalie Drouillard LaForest that starts the inquiry into the sale of the island. They felt they did not agree to sell their share of it. They had moved to River Rouge at the time of this dispute. It is he Mother Rosalie who supposidly gave the "curse of Peche island".

 [Hiram Walker]]’s sons purchased the property in 1883, from the estate of William G. Hall. There is a fable that the property was forcefully taken from the Laforet family by Hiram Walker's men and was cursed by the Laforets as they left.  

It was used as a summer home by Hiram Walker, who attempted, for many years, to develop it. Canals were dug to bring in supplies and to ensure the flow of fresh water. Yachts were purchased – the “Pastime” and the “Lurline”—for travelling to the island from Walker’s office and for cruises and parties on the river and lakes.

Walker built a 40-room mansion. He planted many trees and established an orchard, along with building a greenhouse to cultivate flowers. He next added a golf course, stables, icehouse and a carriage house. A generator for electric power was constructed. Today, the only visible construction on the island is the ruins of the Walker estate, the result of a 1929 fire.

According to The Ferry Steamers: The Story of the Detroit-Windsor Ferry Boats by William Oxford, the Detroit, Belle Isle, & Windsor Ferry Company, then owners of Boblo Island Park, bought the island in 1907. In 1913, the company announced plans to turn it into an amusement park. The ferry company president, Walter Campbell, lived in Walker's summer home while planning to turn it at least temporarily into the central pavilion of his new resort. He died there at the age of 71 in 1923.

The island passed to DWFC's successor, The Bob-Lo Excursion Company, in 1939. No further development took place, and the island was sold in 1956 and then again in 1962, this time to E. J. Harris, who envisioned a $30 million resort. He paid $1500 per month for the island, which he intended to expand by 500 acres (200 ha) with fill. Dredging started in 1965 for a 1000-well marina. The plan included an 18-hole golf course, plus Canadian-themed recreation areas: ice skating, a ski hill, restaurants, a hotel, reforestation, and possible cable car service from Windsor and Detroit. On-island transport would be by horse & carriage and dog sleds. The project was to be completed by 1972. As a 1968 newspaper ad advertised the area, at least some of this work had actually been done. He constructed several buildings and sewage, hydro, water and telephone were connected to the mainland. The project operated for one season with ferry boats from Dieppe Park and barges from Riverside. However, due to mismanagement, Harris ran into stiff opposition from neighbours and local political leaders. By 1971 he had lost $700,000 and was over $500,000 in debt. He offered Peche island for auction. The island passed briefly through the hands of a developer who foresaw an exclusive residential community on the island before the Canadian government bought it back for $400,000. Early plans to develop the island as a nature area, with groomed trails, mooring facilities and shelters, stalled for lack of funds.

While originally hoping to obtain the island for $1.00, the City of Windsor acquired the land from the Province of Ontario on January 1, 1999 for a fee reported of $1.3 million.^[1] Included in the purchase, the city also got 276.7 acres of water lots and 1.3 acres on the mainland, on the north side of Riverside Drive East next to Lakeview Marina.^[2] There are no plans to develop the island beyond maintaining public toilets.

Wrecks

In 1865, the 38-ton schooner Eugenie wrecked on Peche Island. The steamship Oneida ran aground there in July 1871. On July 8, 1998, the Tadoussac ran aground 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Peche Island.

Lighthouse

The Peche Island Rear Range Light was built of cast iron in 1908 to mark the narrow passage from Lake St. Clair to the Detroit River and guarded the reef for some 75 years. It was never manned.

In 1926 the height was raised to 66 feet (20 m) and with that additional height the tower protected the passage until September 23, 1983, when it was scheduled for decommission and destruction. Learning of the plan to demolish the tower, a rescue effort was begun by Marine City, Michigan to relocate it to a site in the city's Waterworks Park. The tower's weight is 35 tons and with the height of 66 feet (20 m) and a diameter of 14 feet (4.3 m) the move took ingenuity and perseverance, but was finally successful.

References

External links

Aerial Views of Peche Island, Detroit River http://www.aerialpics.com/H/pecheisland.html

• A collection of pictures taken, adventures enjoyed, and articles written of Peche Island over several years BN
• Early 20th century photographs of Peche Island, U.S. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Online Catalogue