Peadar Bracken

Captain, Commander, Senior officer. Peter Francis Bracken
Portrait of Mr Peadar Bracken,
Native name	Peadar Bracken
Birth name	Peter
Born	(1887-01-23)January 23, 1887 --> Sragh, Tullamore, King's County, Ireland.
Died	January 19, 1961(1961-01-19) (aged 73) Died at his home in Charlevill road, Tullamore
Buried at	Clonminch Cemetery, Tullamore
Allegiance	Ireland
Service/branch	Tullamore Company Irish Volunteers, Athlone Brigade,
Rank	Senior Officer
Battles/wars	Easter Rising 1916, War of Independence

Peadar Bracken (23 January 1887 – January 19, 1961) was an Irish freedom fighter during Ireland's War of Independence. In 1914 he was elected Captain by the men of the Tullamore Company Irish Volunteers, before later being appointed Commandant of the Athlone Brigade area by Padraig Pearse. Bracken, alongside his comrade Seamus Brennan are credited with firing the first ever shots in the 1916 rising in Tullamore. Bracken was under order from Padraig Pearse and took command off him for the duration of the 1916 rising. He commanded the critical GPO garrison outpost at O'Connell Bridge, Dublin during the Easter Rising. Later on in his career, in 1920, he was a senior officer in the Irish Republican Brotherhood branch in Tullamore, and commanding officer in chief of the Athlone Brigade. Bracken died in January 19, 1961.^[1]

Early life

Peadar Bracken was born Peter Francis Bracken on January 23, 1887 in Sragh, Tullamore, King's County, Ireland. He was the second son of Joseph and Anne Bracken, who were well-known sculptors in the area. He had three brothers, Patrick, Bernard and James, and one sister, Mrs J. Cahill.

Early Career and Life

In 1902 Peadar Bracken joined the Gaelic League: Tullamore William Rooney Branch. In 1904 Peadar Bracken was recruited into the ultra-secret society: Irish Republican Brotherhood. In 1905 he becomes a founding member of Sinn Fein-Tullamore. In 1911 November: He emigrated to Perth, Western Australia. Returned in September 1914 to Ireland upon hearing of the formation of the Irish Volunteers in Nov 1914 and was elected by the Tullamore Volunteers as their First Captain.

• Positions held:

In 1914, Peadar Bracken was elected captain by the men of the Tullamore Company Irish Volunteers. Later, in 1915, he was appointed Commandant of the Athlone Brigade area by Padraig Pearse.

First Shots of the 1916 Rising

Peadar Bracken, alongside his comrade Seamus Brennan are credited with firing the first shots of the 1916 rising. A month before the rising, a fight broke out in the Volunteer hall in Tullamore. A number of wives whose husbands were in the British army attacked the hall where a number of Volunteers and members of the Cumann na mBan were counting money which had been collected from a GAA match the day previous. Bracken, alongside Brennan escorted the women home, and on returning to the hall a hostile crowd attacked the two men. Peadar discharged two shots in the air to keep them back, as did Seamus. Shots were fired and they seriously wounded a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) – Sergeant Aherne. The RIC had attempted to disarm and arrest the Volunteers. In one of the most historically important events in Ireland, Bracken holds the record as the initial shot firer. Padraig Pearse heard the news on Tuesday evening, 21 March 1916, from Bracken's second-in-command, Seamus Brennan. Brennan had escaped to Dublin after the Monday night affray and reported to Pearse's at his: St. Enda's College, Rathfarnham, Dublin.

Involvement in 1916 rising

Bracken attended a Volunteer Convention which was held in Barry's Hotel, Gardiner Place, Dublin at the beginning of 1915. This was not the Croke Park convention, which was held in October of the following year. The Convention consisted of representatives from units all over the country. Peadar was a Leinster Representative. Here they discussed plans, and voted in favour of various agendas. In the autumn of 1915, in Scoil Éanna, Padraig Pearse gave Bracken the rank of Senior Officer in the Tullamore Company, and Chief Commanding officer in the Athlone Brigade. He told Bracken that a rising was imminent and instructed him to make every preparation to go into action in his own area when the signal was given to him. They decided on the type of signal he would receive. Peadar Bracken was in charge of the O'Connell Bridge section for the 1916 rising. He was part of the Kimmage Garrison. Bracken's role gave him power over placed three men on the bridge facing the G.P.O with orders to allow none of the enemy to cross the bridge. Bracken then occupied and took possession of a house, ‘ Kelly the gunsmiths" ( now called Kapp & Peterson's).^[2]

He was appointed on Easter Monday 24 April 1916:

– OC Kimmage Garrison & Captain GPO Garrison by P. H. Pearse.

– OC O’Connell Bridge – GPO Critical Outpost by James Connolly.^[3]

Other career events

• 1917 Elected to the Permanent IV Army Executive: Offaly Delegate.^[3]
• 1918 Sinn Fein Convention re-elected him to IRA Army Executive and Appointed First Commandant Offaly IRA Brigade.^[3]
• 1919 Appointed overall Commandant No 1 & No 2 Offaly IRA Brigades and Staff Officer to IRA-HQ.^[3]
• 1920 Appointed IRA-HQ Organiser for: Offaly, East Kildare, & North Tipperary IRA Brigades, including the set-up of Dail (Sinn Fein) Police & Courts System.^[3]
• 1923 January: Appointed First Clerk of Courts for Tullamore and later to the Daingean, Clara, and Ferbane Court areas.^[3]
• 1934 Appointed: Commissioner-for-Oaths.^[3]
• 1940 Appointed Staff Officer: Tullamore LSF (Local Security Forces), renamed later LDF (Local Defence Force) and held that the position until hostilities ended in Europe: 1945.^[3]

Later life

In 1940 the Military Pension Application approved Peadar Bracken as a Grade ‘A’ (i.e. highest pension rank) and was awarded along with Medals for 1916 and 1919–21 (Tan) with Bar.^[3]

Death

Mr Bracken's Funeral took place with military honours to Clonminch Cemetery, Tullamore. Commandant of the Offaly/Westmeath Battalion IRA. He died at his home in Charleville road, Tullamore. Members of the old IRA and members of the Army and FCA acted as guard of Honour. Five of Mr. Peadar Brackan's nephews, three of whom Paddy, Joseph and James Bracken were just home from service with the 32nd battalion in the Congo, acted with the firing party under Lieutenant P. Grogan, and the last post was sounded by a member of the Army from Athlone. Reverend J.Hurley Rahan delivered the funeral ceremony through Irish at the graveside.^[4]

References

• O'Bracken, Fergus (2009). Irish Freedom Fighter: Peadar Bracken 1887–1961, Biography of an Offaly Freedom Fighter. TAF. ISBN 978-1-907522-00-0.