Palestinian Salvadoran

Palestinian Salvadoran
Total population
70,000+
Regions with significant populations
San Salvador
Languages
Spanish · Palestinian Arabic
Religion
Christianity · minority Islam

Palestinian Salvadoran is a Salvadoran citizen of Palestinian descent or a Palestine-born person residing in El Salvador. Palestinians in El Salvador form an important part of the Palestinian diaspora in Latin America. There are approximately 70,000 Salvadorans with Palestinian ancestry,[1] which is the second most in Central America after Honduras.

History

Palestinians, mostly from Bethlehem, but also from Jerusalem, came to El Salvador during the early 20th century. These immigrants were looking for economic opportunities, as well as escaping conscription into Ottoman Army during the waning years of the Ottoman Empire. Most of the Palestinians who came were Christians. Initially, these migrants came to the country with the intention of going back to their homelands, but some decided to stay and start their families in El Salvador.[2] Because of their Ottoman passports, Middle Easterners in Central America were labeled as "Turks," and barred from civil society, public organizations and government posts. In the 1930s and 1940s, laws barred them from immigrating into the country, as they were looked down among the elite.[3]

Discrimination

Discrimination and xenophobia ran deep; legacies of Spain's racially obsessed colonial policies in Latin America divided subjects into more than a dozen different ethnic classifications.[4] As the Palestinians achieved economic success, they were seen as economic rivals by the local elite and were socially and politically isolated by them.[5] In El Salvador, Maximiliano Hernández Martínez issued laws that ban Palestinians, among other ethnicities and nationalities, from immigrating and/or starting a business in the country.[6] While discrimination against Palestinians died down considerably, as recently as 2000, a conservative Salvadoran political commentator, Rafael Colindres, wrote an essay suggesting, "Perhaps a pogrom would be the solution to the Turk problem."[7]

Salvadoran Civil War

During the Salvadoran Civil War, it affected the Palestinian community as much as it affected any other community in the country. While the wealthier families of Palestinian descent supported the pro-Business, pro-American, and pro-Israeli Salvadoran government and military, there are Salvadorans of Palestinian descent that support the communist guerrillas of the FMLN. Schafik Handal, a Salvadoran of Palestinian descent, is a good example of this as he was one of the five commanders of the FMLN.

After the Civil War ended, most of the old Salvadoran elite lost their power and influence on the economic and political advancements of post-war El Salvador. After being shunned from the political process of the country, Palestinians found new life in the country and began to take advantage of the neoliberal direction of the country as championed by the ARENA party during the 1990s. All of this culminated in the Salvadoran presidential election of 2004, where both candidates, Antonio Saca and Schafik Handal, were the first two Salvadoran of Palestinian descent to run for President and would guarantee that the office would be held by a Palestinian.[8]

Culture

The Palestinians in El Salvador display a curious amalgam of local and imported lifestyles. While few of them speak Arabic fluently (although it seems to be fashionable for members of the third and fourth generations to study the language at universities in the US), all of them still call their favorite foods by their Arabic names, and most have retained a lexicon of polite French that emerges occasionally at dinner parties.

Palestinian culture has begun to emerge from within private circles into the public domain, most visibly in the creation of the Plaza Palestina, which commemorates the Bethlehem roots of most of El Salvador's Arabs, in San Salvador. The plaza, which features historical information on Palestine, has been hotly contested because of its omission of any reference to modern Israel, whose government has threatened to revoke foreign aid because of the monument.

The public charity of Middle Easterners in the country has also contributed to this effect: the wealthy Simans sponsor a free drug-rehabilitation program in El Salvador and a scholarship fund for Palestinians at the Catholic Bethlehem University.[9]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tim's El Salvador Blog. "El Salvador's Palestinian connection". Retrieved February 26, 2006.
  2. ↑ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 7.
  3. ↑ Rice, John. "El Salvador race coming down to two Palestinians". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  4. ↑ Ziegler, Matthew. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  5. ↑ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 12.
  6. ↑ Foroohar, Manzar (Spring 2011). "Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (3): 13.
  7. ↑ Rice, John. "El Salvador race coming down to two Palestinians". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  8. ↑ Dellios, Hugh. "El Salvador vote divides 2 Arab clans". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  9. ↑ The Daily Star. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". Retrieved April 27, 2004.
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