Asian Games

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The Asian Games, also known as Asiad,^[1] is a Pancontinental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF) from the first Games in New Delhi, India, until the 1978 Games. Since the 1982 Games they have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), after the breakup of the Asian Games Federation.^[2] The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games.^[3][4]

In its history, nine nations have hosted the Asian Games. Forty-six nations have participated in the Games, including Israel, which was excluded from the Games after their last participation in 1974.

The last Games was held in Incheon, South Korea from 19 September to 4 October 2014, while the next games will be held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September 2018.

History

Prior formation

Before the Asian Games were held, a gathering known as the Far Eastern Championship Games existed which was first mooted in 1912 at a location set between the Empire of Japan, the Philippine Islands, and China. The Far Eastern Games were first held in Manila in 1913 with 6 participating nations. Ten more Far Eastern Games were held until 1934. Against the backdrop of the second Sino-Japanese War in 1934, in the face of Japan's insistence on including Manchu Empire as a competitor nation in the Games, China announced its withdrawal from participation. Consequently, the Far Eastern Games scheduled for 1938 were cancelled. The organization was ultimately discontinued.

Formation

After World War II, a number of Asian countries became independent. Many of the newly independent Asian countries desired the formation of a new type of competition whereby Asian dominance was not expressed through violence, but instead strengthened through mutual understanding. During the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, a conversation between sportsmen from China and the Philippines raised the idea of restoring the Far Eastern Games. However, Guru Dutt Sondhi, the Indian International Olympic Committee representative, did not believe that restoration of the Far Eastern Games would sufficiently display the spirit of unity and level of achievement taking place in Asian sports. As a result, he proposed to sports leaders the idea of having a wholly new competition  – which came to be the Asian Games. This led to an agreement to form the Asian Athletic Federation. A preparatory committee was then set up to draft the charter for this new body. On 13 February 1949, the Asian Athletic Federation was formally inaugurated in New Delhi, alongside the name Asian Games Federation, with New Delhi announced as the first host city of the Asian Games which were scheduled to be held in 1950.^[5][6]

Crisis, reorganization, expansion

First Asian Games opening ceremony

Starting in 1962, the Games were hit by several crises. First, the host country Indonesia, refused to permit the participation of Israel and Taiwan due to political and religious issues. As a result, the IOC removed its sponsorship of the Games and terminated Indonesia as one of the IOC members.^[7] The Asian Football Confederation (AFC),^[8] International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) and International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), also removed their recognition of the Games.^[9][10]

In 1970, South Korea dropped its plan to host the Games allegedly due to national security crisis, however the main reason was due to financial crisis, forcing the previous host Thailand to administer the Games again in Bangkok using funds transferred from South Korea.^[11] Prior to the Games, Japan was asked to host the Games, but declined due to Expo '70 in Osaka.^[12] This edition also marked the first time the Games have a television broadcasting throughout the world.^[13] In Tehran, in 1974, the Games formally recognized the participation of China, North Korea and Mongolia. Israel was allowed to participate despite the opposition from Arab world, while Taiwan was permitted to continue taking part (as "Chinese Taipei") even though its status was abolished in general meeting on 16 November 1973 by Games Federation.^[14]

The last is 1978, Pakistan dropped its plan to host the Games in 1975 due to financial crisis and political issues.^[15] Thailand offered to help and the Games were once again held in Bangkok. However, once again, like in 1962, Taiwan and Israel were refused the participation by Games Federation, amid political issues and security fears.^[16] Several governing bodies protested against the ban, like IAAF, threatened to bar the participating players from 1980 Summer Olympics,^[17] this caused several teams to withdraw prior to the Games.^[18]

Following this series of crises, the National Olympic Committee in Asia decided to revise the constitution of the Asian Games Federation. A new association, named the Olympic Council of Asia, was created in November 1981 with the exclusion of Israel.^[19] India was already scheduled to host the 1982 Games and the OCA decided not to drop the old AGF timetable. The OCA formally supervised the Games starting with the 1986 Asian Games in South Korea.^[20] In the succeeding Games, Taiwan (Republic of China) was re-admitted, but was forced by the China to compete under the name Chinese Taipei.^[21]

In 1994, the Games included the former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan for the first time. It was also the first time that the Games had been held outside the capital city of the host country.^[22] However, Iraq was suspended from the Games due to the Persian Gulf War in 1990, while North Korea boycotted the Games due to political issues. It was also marred by the death of Nepalese delegation Nareshkumar Adhikari during the Games' opening ceremony.^[23] The 1998 Games marked the fourth time the Games had been held in Bangkok, Thailand. The fourth opening ceremony occurred on 6 December, compared to 9 December for the previous 3. All four games were opened by H.M.King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The date of the closing ceremony remained as 20 December for all 4 games hosted by Thailand.

Participation

2006 Asian Games

All 45 members affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) are eligible to take part in the Games.

According to membership in the OCA, transcontinental Kazakhstan participates in the Asian Games but Egypt does not, participating in the All-Africa Games instead. Various countries participating in the European Games rather than the Asian Games are partially or fully in Asia: Turkey, Russia (major parts in Asia); Azerbaijan, Georgia (almost completely in Asia); Cyprus, Armenia, Israel (fully in Asia).

In history, 46 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have sent competitors to the Games. Israel has been excluded from the Games since 1976, the reason cited as being due to security reasons.^[24] Israel requested to participate in the 1982 Games, but the request was rejected by the organizers due to the Munich massacre.^[25] Israel is now a member of the European Olympic Committees (EOC).

Taiwan, Palestine, Hong Kong, and Macau participate in the Asian Games according to membership in OCA. Due to its continuing ambiguous political status, Taiwan participates in the Games under the flag of Chinese Taipei since 1990. Macau NOC is allowed to compete as one of the NOCs in Asian Games, despite not being recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for participation in the Olympic Games.

In 2007, the President of OCA, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, rejected proposal to allow Australia to participate in the Games. He stated that while Australia would add good value to the Asian Games, it would be unfair to the Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC).^[26] Being members of ONOC, Australia and New Zealand participates in Pacific Games since 2015.

Only seven countries, namely India, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Thailand have competed in all editions of the games.

List of Asian Games

1951, 1982

1954

1958

1962, 2018

1966, 1970, 1978, 1998

1974

1986

1990

1994

2002

2006

2010

2014

2018

2022

2026

Host cities of the Asian Games

Edition	Year	Host City	Host Nation	Start Date	End Date	Nations	Competitors	Sports	Events	Top Placed Team	Ref.
I	1951	New Delhi	India	4 March	11 March	11	489	6	57	Japan (JPN)	[27]
II	1954	Manila	Philippines	1 May	9 May	18	970	8	76	Japan (JPN)	[28]
III	1958	Tokyo	Japan	24 May	1 June	20	1,820	13	97	Japan (JPN)	[29]
IV	1962	Jakarta	Indonesia	24 August	4 September	17	1,460	13	120	Japan (JPN)	[30]
V	1966	Bangkok	Thailand	9 December	20 December	18	1,945	14	143	Japan (JPN)	[31]
VI	1970	Bangkok	Thailand	9 December	20 December	18	2,400	13	135	Japan (JPN)	[32]
VII	1974	Tehran	Iran	1 September	16 September	25	3,010	16	202	Japan (JPN)	[33]
VIII	1978	Bangkok	Thailand	9 December	20 December	25	3,842	19	201	Japan (JPN)	[34]
IX	1982	New Delhi	India	19 November	4 December	33	3,411	21	199	China (CHN)	[35]
X	1986	Seoul	South Korea	20 September	5 October	27	4,839	25	270	China (CHN)	[36]
XI	1990	Beijing	China	22 September	7 October	36	6,122	29	310	China (CHN)	[37]
XII	1994	Hiroshima	Japan	2 October	16 October	42	6,828	34	337	China (CHN)	[38]
XIII	1998	Bangkok	Thailand	6 December	20 December	41	6,554	36	376	China (CHN)	[39]
XIV	2002	Busan	South Korea	29 September	14 October	44	7,711	38	419	China (CHN)	[40]
XV	2006	Doha	Qatar	1 December	15 December	45	9,520	39	424	China (CHN)	[41]
XVI	2010	Guangzhou	China	12 November	27 November	45	9,704	42	476	China (CHN)	[42]
XVII	2014	Incheon	South Korea	19 September	4 October	45	9,501	36	439	China (CHN)	[43]
XVIII	2018	Jakarta-Palembang	Indonesia	18 August	2 September	Future event
XIX	2022	Hangzhou	China	10 September	25 September	Future event
XX	2026	Nagoya	Japan	TBA		Future event

Sports

Forty-four sports were presented in Asian Games history, including 2014 Games in Incheon.

Medal count

Of the 45 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, 43 nations have won at least a single medal in the competition, leaving three nations: Bhutan, Maldives and Timor-Leste yet to win a single medal. 37 nations have won at least one gold medal (only Japan and India have done so at every Asian Games), while Japan and China became the only two nations in history to emerge as overall champions.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China (CHN)	1,342	900	653	2,895
2	Japan (JPN)	957	980	913	2,850
3	South Korea (KOR)	696	606	761	2,063
4	Iran (IRI)	159	161	175	495
5	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	140	141	200	481
6	India (IND)	139	178	299	616
7	Thailand (THA)	121	159	233	513
8	North Korea (PRK)	98	132	166	396
9	Indonesia (INA)	91	121	199	411
10	Chinese Taipei (TPE)	82	125	255	452
Total		4,340	4,317	5,136	13,793

Samsung MVP award

Samsung introduced the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in Asian Games beginning in the 1998 Games in Bangkok, Thailand. Below is the list of winners:

Year	Athlete	Sport	Ref
1998	Koji Ito	Athletics	[44]
2002	Kosuke Kitajima	Swimming	[44]
2006	Park Tae-hwan	Swimming	[45]
2010	Lin Dan	Badminton	[46]
2014	Kosuke Hagino	Swimming	[47]

Centennial Festival

On 8 November 2012, the OCA decided at its 31st General Assembly in Macau to create a special multi-sport event called Asian Games Centennial Festival in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Oriental Games (later became Far Eastern Championship Games).^[48] OCA awarded the Philippines the hosting rights as it was the same host 100 years ago. The event was originally scheduled to be held in Boracay Island, Malay, Aklan on 27 to 29 November 2013 but due to the events surrounding Typhoon Haiyan, it was moved to January 2014.^[49]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asian Games.

• Olympic Council of Asia: Games

Asian Games
Sports OCA NOCs Medal table Mascots
Summer Games	New Delhi 1951 Manila 1954 Tokyo 1958 Jakarta 1962 Bangkok 1966 Bangkok 1970 Tehran 1974 Bangkok 1978 New Delhi 1982 Seoul 1986 Beijing 1990 Hiroshima 1994 Bangkok 1998 Busan 2002 Doha 2006 Guangzhou 2010 Incheon 2014 Jakarta–Palembang 2018 Hangzhou 2022 Nagoya 2026
Winter Games	Sapporo 1986 Sapporo 1990 Harbin 1996 Gangwon 1999 Aomori 2003 Changchun 2007 Astana–Almaty 2011 Sapporo 2017
Category Portal WikiProject Asian Beach Games Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games Asian Youth Games Asian Para Games

Association of National Olympic Committees
African Games Asian Games European Games Pan American Games Pacific Games
Africa	ANOCA – Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa
Americas	PASO – Pan American Sports Organization
Asia	OCA – Olympic Council of Asia
Europe	EOC – European Olympic Committees
Oceania	ONOC – Oceania National Olympic Committees