Padishah Khatun

Safwat al-Din Khatun
Died 1295
Nationality Persia
Other names Padishah Khatun
Occupation sovereign of Kirman
Known for Poet

Safwat al-Din Khatun (died 1295), otherwise known as Padishah Khatun, was the ruler of Kirman in Persia from 1291 until 1295 as a member of the Mongol vassal Kutlugh-Khanid dynasty in Persia.[1][2][3][4]

Life

She was born in the Kirman, the Persian vassal dynasty of the Mongols, as the daughter of Qutb al-Din (d. 1257) and Kutlugh Turkan of Kirman.[5]

Her first spouse was Abaka Khan. The marriage was arranged by her mother to secure Mongolian support for her rule.[6] Her spouse inherited rule of Persia, but died soon after, in 1282. She then married her former stepson, Gaykhatu.

In 1291, when Gaykhatu, in turn, inherited rule of Persia, she demanded to be given the rule of the Persian vassal monarchy of Kirman as her personal fief, which her spouse agreed.[7]

Padishah`s half-brother Suyurghatamish had ruled Kirman after Padishah`s mother; she had him imprisoned after she took power, and when he tried to escape, she had him murdered.[2][3][4]

Padishah earned mention in the travel diary of Venetian traveler, Marco Polo, a contemporary of Padishah.[8] He described her as “an ambitious and clever woman, who put her own brother Siyurgutmish to death as a rival.”

She had both silver and gold coins struck in her name.[9]

When her husband, Gaykhatu, died in 1295, Padishah was killed by factions allied with her half-brother.[2][3][4] The Mongolian princess Khurdudjin, the widow of Suyurghatamish, demanded of Gaykhatu's successor, Baydu, demanded that Padishah be executed, to which he agreed.[10] Khurdudjin then succeeded Padishah as sovereign queen of Kirman.

References

  1. ↑ "Women and Islam". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Retrieved 2012-06-23. No woman held religious titles in Islam, but many women held political power, some jointly with their husbands, others independently. The best-known women rulers in the premodern era include ... six Mongol queens, including Kutlugh Khatun (thirteenth century) and her daughter Padishah Khatun of the Kutlugh-Khanid dynasty;
  2. 1 2 3 Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 319. ISBN 9781576070918. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
  3. 1 2 3 Ann K. S. Lambton (1988). Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia: Aspects of Administrative, Economic, and Social History, 11th-14th Century. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780887061332. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
  4. 1 2 3 "Padishah Khatun (Safwat al-Din Khatun): 13th Century". Women in World History. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
  5. ↑ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
  6. ↑ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
  7. ↑ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
  8. ↑ Marco Polo. The Travels of Marco Polo. Henry Yule (trans.). ISBN 9781607788652. Retrieved 2012-06-23. The Mongols allowed this family to retain the immediate authority, and at the time when Polo returned from China the representative of the house was a lady known as the Padishah Khatun [who reigned from 1291], the wife successively of the ilkhans Abaka and Kaikhatu, an ambitious and clever woman, who put her own brother Siyurgutmish to death as a rival, and was herself, after the decease of Kaikhatu, put to death by her brother's widow and daughter.
  9. ↑ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
  10. ↑ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
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