PCDHGA11
Protocadherin gamma-A11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDHGA11 gene.[3][4]
This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes.[4]
References
Further reading
- Nollet F, Kools P, van Roy F (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of the cadherin superfamily allows identification of six major subfamilies besides several solitary members.". J. Mol. Biol. 299 (3): 551–72. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3777. PMID 10835267.
- Yagi T, Takeichi M (2000). "Cadherin superfamily genes: functions, genomic organization, and neurologic diversity.". Genes Dev. 14 (10): 1169–80. doi:10.1101/gad.14.10.1169. PMID 10817752.
- Waha A, Güntner S, Huang TH, et al. (2005). "Epigenetic silencing of the protocadherin family member PCDH-gamma-A11 in astrocytomas.". Neoplasia. 7 (3): 193–9. doi:10.1593/neo.04490. PMC 1501138
. PMID 15799819.
- Wu Q, Zhang T, Cheng JF, et al. (2001). "Comparative DNA sequence analysis of mouse and human protocadherin gene clusters.". Genome Res. 11 (3): 389–404. doi:10.1101/gr.167301. PMC 311048. PMID 11230163.
- Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, et al. (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491. PMC 16267. PMID 10737800.
- Wu Q, Maniatis T (2000). "Large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3124–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.060027397. PMC 16203. PMID 10716726.
- Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, et al. (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence." (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.