Orders of magnitude (one cubic gigametre and greater)
The following is a table of objects with volumes or capacities of one cubic gigametre or greater.
volume (m3) | example |
---|---|
×1027 1 | one cubic gigametre |
×1027 1.41 | volume of the Sun |
×1030 ~1 | volume of Alcyone, brightest star in the Pleiades[1] |
×1031 ~1.7 | volume of Arcturus, brightest star in Boötes[2] |
×1032 3.4 | volume of Rigel the brightest star in Orion[3] |
×1032 ~5 | volume of a red giant the same mass as the Sun |
×1033 1.4 | volume of γ Crucis, a red giant in Crux[4] |
×1034 ~1 | volume of Deneb, a white supergiant in Cygnus[5] |
×1034 6.4 | volume of η Carinae, a luminous blue variable in Carina[6] |
×1035 1.3 | estimated volume of Antares[7] |
×1035 1.5 | volume of S Orionis, a Mira variable in Orion[8] |
×1035 ~2.75 | volume of Betelgeuse |
×1036 1 | one cubic terametre |
×1036 4 | possible volume of µ Cephei (estimates vary) |
×1036 8 | estimated volume of VY Canis Majoris, a red hypergiant star[9] |
×1038 3.9 | volume of a sphere which would enclose the orbit of Neptune |
×1039 6–10 | possible volume of the Heliosphere inside the termination shock |
×1041 1.1 | daily increase in volume of the Cat's Eye Nebula[10] |
×1043 4 | annual increase in volume of the Cat's Eye Nebula[10][11] |
×1045 1 | one cubic petametre |
×1045 ~1.7 | approximate volume of the Stingray Nebula[12] |
×1046 ~2.7 | volume of the bright inner nebula of the Cat's Eye Nebula[10] |
×1046 5.5 | the volume of a Bok globule like Barnard 68[13][14] |
×1047 4.4 | the volume of a Bok globule one light year across[13][14] |
×1047 8.47 | one cubic light-year |
×1048 ~1.7 | volume of the Oort Cloud, assuming a radius of 000 AU 50 |
×1049 ~1.6 | volume of the Dumbbell Nebula |
×1049 2.94 | one cubic parsec |
×1050 4.4 | approximate volume of the Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) (assuming a radius of 5 light years, sources differ)[15][16][17] |
×1054 1 | one cubic exametre |
×1055 3 | estimated volume of a small dwarf galaxy like NGC 1705 |
×1055 3.3 | estimated volume of the Local Bubble, assuming a radius of 100 parsecs (~39 million cubic light years) |
×1058 3 | estimated volume of a dwarf galaxy like the Large Magellanic Cloud |
×1058 2.94 | one cubic kiloparsec |
×1061 ~3.3 | volume of a galaxy like the Milky Way |
×1063 1 | one cubic zettametre—approximate volume of whole Milky Way including Globes |
×1068 ~5 | volume of the Local Group |
×1071 6.7 | volume of the Gemini Void |
×1027 1 | one cubic yottametre |
×1072 1.2 | volume of the Local Void (about ×1024 cubic light years) 1.4[18] |
×1072 3.5 | volume of the Virgo Supercluster[19] |
×1073 1 | volume of the Sculptor Void (about ×1025 cubic light years) 1.1[18] |
×1073 2 | least volume of the Southern Local Supervoid (about ×1025 cubic light years) 2.2[20] |
×1080 3.4 | volume of the Observable Universe |
×1081 7.1 | lower bound on the volume of the universe based on analysis of WMAP[21] |
×1083 6.7 | lower bound on the volume of the entire universe |
×10113 ~1 | rough upper bound on the physical size of the present universe, a result of the maximum number of Hubble volumes.[22] |
← one cubic megametre to one cubic gigametre |
References
- ↑ Kaler, Jim, Alcyone, retrieved 18 November 2008: "radius nearly 10 solar"
- ↑ Mozurkewich, David; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Hindsley, Robert B.; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Hummel, Christian A.; Hutter, Donald J.; Johnston, Kenneth J.; Hajian, Arsen R.; Elias II, Nicholas M.; Buscher, David F.; and Simon, Richard S.; Angular diameters of stars from the Mark III optical interferometer, Astronomical Journal, 126, 2502-2520 (2003)
- ↑ Its radius is 70 times the Sun's
- ↑ Its radius is 113 times the Sun's.
- ↑ Its radius is 203 times the Sun's.
- ↑ Its radius is about 240 times the Sun's.
- ↑ VizeR page for Antares, retrieved 18 November 2009: "5.1e+02 solRad"
- ↑ VizeR page for S Orionis, retrieved 18 November 2009: "5.3e+02 solRad"
- ↑ Humphreys, Roberta M.; VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of its Luminosity, arxiv.org, 13 October 2006, page 3, retrieved 18 November 2009: "1800 to 2100 R⊙"
- 1 2 3 4⁄3πr3; core radius r = distance times sin( 1⁄2 angular diameter) = 0.2 light year. Distance = 3.3 ± 0.9 kly; angular diameter = 20 arcseconds; expands 10 milliarcseconds per year.(Reed et al. 1999)
- ↑ Reed, Darren S.; Balick, Bruce; Hajian, Arsen R.; Klayton, Tracy L.; Giovanardi, Stefano; Casertano, Stefano; Panagia, Nino; Terzian, Yervant (1999). "Hubble Space Telescope Measurements of the Expansion of NGC 6543: Parallax Distance and Nebular Evolution". Astronomical Journal. 118 (5): 2430–2441. arXiv:astro-ph/9907313. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2430R. doi:10.1086/301091.
- ↑ r = 0.08 light years; 4⁄3πr3 = ×1045 m3 1.86
- 1 2 Michael Szpir (May–June 2001). "Bart Bok's Black Blobs". American Scientist. Archived from the original on 29 June 2003. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
Bok globules such as Barnard 68 are only about half a light-year across and weigh in at about two solar masses
- 1 2 their size varies: a globule one quarter light year in radius has ×1046 m3, one a half light year in radius has 5.5×1047 m3, one a light year in radius has 4.4×1048 m3 3.5
- ↑ APOD 2006
- ↑ Hubble Site, 2000. An Expanding Bubble in Space. "diameter of 6 light-years".
- ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (18 October 2006). "NGC 7635: The Bubble". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA.
- 1 2 An Atlas of the Universe. The Nearest Superclusters. Retrieved 19 November 2008
- ↑ assuming it is a sphere of 100 million light year radius
- ↑ Einasto, M (1994-07-15), "The Structure of the Universe Traced by Rich Clusters of Galaxies", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 269: 301–322, Bibcode:1994MNRAS.269..301E, doi:10.1093/mnras/269.2.301
- ↑ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0605709v2 How Many Universes Do There Need To Be?
- ↑ http://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.2924v1.pdf "On Cosmological Implications of Holographic Entropy Bound" p.4
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