Trinitarian Order

"Trinitarians" redirects here. For other uses, see Trinitarian (disambiguation).
Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives
Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et Captivorum
Abbreviation O.SS.T.
Motto Gloria Tibi Trinitas et Captivis Libertas
Formation December 17, 1198 (1198-12-17)
Founder St. John of Matha (both St. John and St. Felix are seen as the Fathers of the Order)
Type Clerical Religious Order (Institute of Consecrated Life)
Purpose The Glory of the Most Holy Trinity and the Redemption of Captives
Headquarters Curia General: Via Massimi, 114/c, 00136 Roma, Italia
Membership (2015)
585 (of whom 410 are priests)
Ministro General
 Fr. Joseph Narlaly
Website www.trinitari.org
Emblem of the Trinitarian Order

The Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives (Latin: Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et captivorum), often shortened to The Order of the Most Holy Trinity (Latin: Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis), or Trinitarians, is a Catholic religious order that was founded in the area of Cerfroid, some 80 km northeast of Paris, at the end of the twelfth century. From the very outset, a special dedication to the mystery of the Holy Trinity has been a constitutive element of the Order's life.

The founder was St. John de Matha, whose feast day is celebrated on 17 December. The founding-intention for the Order was the ransom of Christians held captive by non-Christians, a consequence of crusading and of pirating along the Mediterranean coast of Europe.[1] The Order has the initials "O.SS.T." The Order’s distinctive cross of red and blue can be traced to its beginnings.

Background

14th century Trinitarian cross at St Robert's Church, Pannal

Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries medieval Europe was in a state of intermittent warfare between the Christian kingdoms of southern Europe and the Muslim polities of North Africa, Southern France, Sicily and portions of Spain. According to James W. Brodman, the threat of capture, whether by pirates or coastal raiders, or during one of the region's intermittent wars, was a continuous threat to residents of Catalonia, Languedoc, and the other coastal provinces of medieval Christian Europe.[2] Raids by militias, bands, and armies from both sides was an almost annual occurrence.[3]

The redemption of captives is listed among the corporal works of mercy. The period of the Crusades, when so many Christians were in danger of falling into the hands of non-Christians, witnessed the rise of religious orders vowed exclusively to this pious work. [4]

History

Juan Carreño de Miranda. Founding of Trinitarian Order (Mass of St John of Matha)
Main article: John of Matha

Pope Innocent III granted the order and its rule approval with his letter Operante divine dispositionis clementia, issued on 17 December 1198.[1] Soon after papal approbation, the Trinitarian ministry to Christian captives was incorporated into the Order's title: Order of the Holy Trinity and of Captives. In addition to the Order's purpose of ransoming Christian captives, each local community of Trinitarians served the people of its area. And so, their ministry included: hospitality, care of the sick and poor, churches, education, etc.[1] Eventually, the Trinitarians also assumed the work of evangelization.

Brother John's founding intention expanded quickly beyond the three initial foundations (Cerfroid, Planels, Bourg-la-Reine) into a considerable network of houses committed to the ransom of Christian captives and the works of mercy conducted in their locales. Trinitarian tradition considers St. Felix of Valois co-founder of the Order and companion of John of Matha at Cerfroid, near Paris. In Cerfroid the first Trinitarian community was established and it is considered the mother house of the whole Order.[5]

The first generation of Trinitarians could count some fifty foundations. In northern France, the Trinitarians were known as “Mathurins” because they were based in the church of Saint-Mathurin in Paris from 1228 onwards.[6] Ransoming captives required economic resources. Fundraising and economic expertise constituted important aspects of the Order's life. The Rule's requirement of "the tertia pars", or setting aside one-third of all income for the ransom of Christian captives, became a noted characteristic of the Order.

St. Louis installed a house of their order in his château of Fontainebleau. He chose Trinitarians as his chaplains, and was accompanied by them on his crusades.[4]

Throughout the centuries, the Trinitarian Rule underwent several revisions,[4] notably in 1267 and in 1631. It has been complemented by statutes and constitutions. The thirteenth century was a time of vitality, whereas the following centuries brought periods of difficulty and even decline in some areas. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) was a major turning-point in the life of the Church. Its twenty-fifth session dealt with regulars and nuns and the reform of religious orders. Reforming interests and energies manifested themselves among Trinitarians in France with the foundation at Pontoise, north of Paris, during the last quarter of the sixteenth century. Reform-minded Trinitarians in Spain first established the movement known as the Recollection and then, under the leadership of St. John Baptist of the Conception,[5] a movement at Valdepeñas (Ciudad Real) known as the Spanish Discalced Trinitarians at the very end of the sixteenth century. Far-reaching periods of growth and development followed this rebirth.

Stone shield of the Trinitarian Order on the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (1638-1641) in Rome.

In succeeding centuries, European events such as revolution, government suppression and civil war had very serious consequences for the Trinitarian Order and it declined significantly. During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the Trinitarians began to grow slowly in Italy and Spain. Its members dedicated themselves to fostering and promoting devotion to the Holy Trinity, evangelising non-Christians, assisting immigrants, educating the young and to becoming involved in parishes.

The Trinitarian Family

Today the Trinitarian Family is composed of priests, brothers, women (enclosed nuns and active sisters) as well as committed laity. Members of the Trinitarian Family include: The Trinitarian religious; the Trinitarian contemplative nuns; the Trinitarian Sisters of Valence; the Trinitarian Sisters of Rome, Valencia, Madrid, Mallorca, Seville; the Oblates of the Most Holy Trinity, the Third Order Secular (tertiaries) and the other Trinitarian Laity.[5] They are distinguished by the cross of red and blue which dates from the origins of the Order. Trinitarians are found throughout Europe and in the Americas as well as in Africa, India, Korea and the Philippines.

Charism

The Glory of the Most Holy Trinity and the ransom of Christian Captives. Along with the Order’s mission of ransoming Christian captives, each Trinitarian Community served the people of its area by performing works of mercy, redemption and mercy are at the center of the Trinitarian charism.[1]

Our Lady of Good Remedy

Our Lady of good Remedy is the patroness of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity. Devotion to Mary under this ancient title is widely known in Europe and Latin America. Her feast day is celebrated on October 8.[7]

Scapular of the Most Blessed Trinity

The Scapular of the Holy Trinity is a Roman Catholic devotional scapular associated with the Confraternity of The Holy Trinity and the Third Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity.

Pope Innocent III approved the Order of the Trinitarians (Order of the Holy Trinity and Captives) in 1198 with its Rule. It was founded by St. John de Matha after his vision of Christ with two captives around 1193.[8][9] The indulgences of the confraternity were approved by the Congregation of Indulgences in 1899 (but have been revised with the new Trinitarian Way in 2000)

It is a white scapular with a cross of which the transverse shaft is blue and the longitudinal shaft red.[10] It is worn by Tertiaries as well as members of the Confraternity of the Blessed Trinity (or other Trinitarian association that makes use of the scapular) after being invested with this scapular. It is a sign of consecration to the Holy Trinity and of fraternity.

It the normal habit of the Tertiaries of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity (Trinitarians) (third order members) (Trinitarian Way 2000)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "About the Trinitarians"
  2. ↑ Brodman, James William, Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain:The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier, 1986
  3. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, ed. Paul Casanova and Henri Pérès, trans. William MacGuckin, baron de Slane (Paris, 1925-56), 3: 116-17
  4. 1 2 3 Moeller, Charles. "Order of Trinitarians." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 22 Feb. 2013
  5. 1 2 3 Order of the Most Holy Trinity
  6. ↑ Alban Butler, Paul Burns, Butler's Lives of the Saints (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000), 5.
  7. ↑ Our Lady of Good Remedy
  8. ↑ Henry Charles Lea, 2002, A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church, Adamant Media Corp. ISBN 1-4021-6108-5 page 497
  9. ↑ The Order of the Holy Trinity and Captives: Andrew Witko 2008
  10. ↑ Hilgers, Joseph. "Scapular." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 24 Dec. 2014

Sources

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