Old Grodno Castle

Bathory's Castle in Grodno, Belarus.

The Old Grodno Castle (also known as the Grodno Upper Castle and Bathory's Castle) originated in the 11th century as the seat of a dynasty of Black Ruthenian rulers, descended from a younger son of Yaroslav the Wise of Kiev.

The 13th-century keep of the castle belonged to a type of Belarusian defensive tower represented by the Tower of Kamyanyets. Vytautas the Great added five Brick Gothic towers in 1391–98, transforming the castle into one of his main residences. Casimir IV Jagiellon also favoured Hrodna over Lithuania's official capital. It was there that the Polish Crown was offered to him, and it was there that he died in 1495.

The next notable tenant of the castle was Stephen Báthory who envisaged Hrodna as the capital of his vast empire in Eastern Europe. He engaged Scotto of Parma to replace the Vytautas Castle with his own residence in the advanced Renaissance taste of Northern Italy. After Bathory's death in Hrodna in 1586, his pet project was abandoned. The citadel was devastated by the Russians during a Russo-Polish War in 1655.

The castle's revival was owing to Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac who raised sufficient funds to finance the refurbishing of the royal residence. The restored castle was selected by King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki of Poland as the location for every third Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The castle suffered extensive damage during the Great Northern War, forcing the royal court to move into the New Hrodna Castle.

After the partitions of Poland the castle was given over to the Russian army and housed a barracks. The authorities of interwar Poland restored the chamber of the ambassadors and the Sejm Hall. At present the castle is classed as a museum.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hrodna Old Castle.

• Ф. Д. Гуревич. "Древности Белорусского Понеманья". Ленинград, Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1962.
• Old Grodno Castle on globus.tut.by

Polish–Lithuanian Castles and Forts in Belarus and Ukraine
Black Ruthenia	Surviving Old Grodno New Grodno Lida Mir Nieśwież Dwór Stanisławów Ruined Gieraniony Holszany Krewo Lubcz Nowogródek Różana
Volynia	Dubno Klewań Korec Łuck Ołyka Ostróg Zasław Starokonstantynów
Galicia	Surviving Brzeżany Olesko Podhorce Pomorzany Stare Sioło Świrz Tarnopol Wiśniowiec Zbaraż Potok Złoty Złoczów Żółkiew Ruined Brody Buczacz Czortków Dobromil Halicz Jabłoniewka Jazłowiec Krzemieniec Lwów Mikulińce Podzamcze Pniów Rakowiec Skała Podolska Skałat Trembowla
Podolia	Surviving Kamieniec Podolski Latyczów Międzybuż Satanów Ruined Busza Czarnokozińce Kudryńce Okopy Świętej Trójcy Sidorów Zinków Żwaniec

Coordinates: 53°40′37″N 23°49′23″E / 53.677°N 23.823°E / 53.677; 23.823