Offshore Patrol

Off Shore Patrol
Active February 9, 1939 – June 30, 1946
Country  Philippines
Branch United States Army Forces in the Far East
Size

60+ personnel

5 Q-boats
Part of United States Department of War (1941)
Headquarters Muelle del Codo, Port Area, Manila, Philippines
Anniversaries February 9, 1939
Engagements World War II
* Battle of Bataan
* Battle of Corregidor
Decorations Presidential Unit Citation (US)
Presidential Unit Citation (PH)
Commanders
Flag Officer in-Command Colonel Enrique L. Jurado (1941-1944)
Ceremonial chief Colonel Jose V. Andrada (1945-1946)

The Offshore Patrol (OSP), also known as the Mosquito Fleet was a small naval branch of the Army, intended for inshore defense of the Philippines that was active from February 9, 1939 to June 30, 1946. The OSP became part of the United States Army Forces in the Far East in July 26, 1941, with General Douglas MacArthur as Commander. The Patrol engaged in limited patrol operations along the coastlines of Bataan and Corregidor, against the tight enemy blockade, to bring much-needed provisions to the beleaguered Filipino & American troops. Undaunted by enemy superiority, the ubiquitous patrol boats fought with zeal, courage and heroism hitting Japanese warships with torpedoes when given the opportunity. The unit relied on speed and surprise to attack larger vessels at close range.

During the course of the war, the unit was cited for gallantry by General MacArthur for actions against the shoot down of three of nine Japanese dive bombers, that was going to attack shore installations in Bataan.

After World War II, the OSP continued till June 30, 1946, which is when the USAFFE formally dissolved in the lead-up to the Philippine's independence. The OSP was changed into the Philippine Naval Patrol (PNP) which later changed into the Philippine Navy. This small unit was the first independent Philippine naval force which it's surviving OSP veterans personnel became the nucleus that shaped the beginnings of the Philippine Navy.

History

The OSP was called for by the Philippine National Assembly in its National Defense Act of 1935 that Offshore Patrol on 11 January 1936, the guidelines were denned by Executive Order No. 11 as follows:

"The Off-Shore Patrol shall comprise all marine equipment and personnel acquired by the Philippine Government and assigned either in peace or war to the control of the Chief of Staff (PA). It shall have such duties and powers as may be described by the Chief of Staff, PA."[1]

This act called for the creation, by 1946, of a force of 36 fast torpedo boats (PT) as part of the Philippine Army. These were to be British designed 41 knot boats armed with two torpedo tubes; built by British shipbuilders.[2] Two of the boats had been delivered by 1939, when the war in Europe began which curtailed any further supply. By October 1941, a third boat had been assembled locally. There were five boats built eventually and attached to United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) which had assumed overall control of military forces on the Philippines.

The first commanding OSP officer was Major Rafael Ramos, a Philippine Nautical School (PNS) graduate known to Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on April 15, 1938. Ramos was the first chief to start recruiting OSP personnel. In June 1938, he was relieved by Captain Jose V. Andrada, a United States Naval Academy graduate (Class of 1930), who was assisting Ramos but was better qualified. Major Ramos was sent to United States to study at Quartermaster school.[1]

He was supported by other Annapolis graduates, among them: Lt. Alfredo Pecson (USNA 1933) as Executive Officer, Lt. Rafael Pargas (USNA 1935), and Lt. Marcelo Castillo (USNA 1938). The OSP was later joined by Lt. Enrique L. Jurado (USNA 1934) as Base Commander, and Lt. Carlos Albert (USNA 1938) as instructors.[3]

Capt. Andrada announced his volunteer recruiting program and began personally interviewing interested candidates. By the end of 1938, USNA graduates: Lt. Alfredo Peckson (1933), Lt. Marcelo Castillo (1938), PMA graduates: Lieutenants Nestor Reinoso (1934), Alberto Navarette (1935), Simeon Castro (1935), Juan Maglayan (1937), Alfonso Palencia (1938), Santiago Nuval (1938), Emilio Liwanag (1938) and nine officers and 25 enlisted men had joined the OSP. They were all trained on seamanship, navigation and gunnery that were conducted with the USNA graduates as instructors at OSP HQ., Muelle del Codo, Port Area, Manila. On February 9, 1939, the first OSP class graduated that Capt. Andrada marked it as the birth date of the Offshore Patrol.[1]

On December 4, 1941, Captain Enrique L. “Henry” Jurado (1911 – Oct. 19, 1944), a USNA graduate (Class of '34), became the officer-in-command of the OSP, just before the Pearl Harbor attack.[4][5] Jurado took over as OSP Commander as Capt. Andrada became Commander of the Coast Artillery Battalion, Fort Wint, Corregidor.[3]

The OSP was a close-knit unit composed of men in their late teens or 20s, more than 60 men overall. They were divided into two main groups: shore and sea duty.[6]

Offshore Patrol torpedo boat designs

The PT-boats of the Offshore Patrol were to be 65 ft long (20 m), with a 13-foot (4.0 m) beam. They were to have three 12-cylinder engines, and a speed of 41 knots (76 km/h; 47 mph). Their armament was to consist of two 21in (533 mm) torpedo tubes, depth charges, and light antiaircraft guns.[7]

US Military Advisor to the Commonwealth of the Philippines General Douglas MacArthur states, "A small fleet of such vessels will have distinct effect in compelling any hostile force to approach cautiously."[7]

Torpedo boats of the Offshore Patrol

These boats were based at Cavite Naval Base, Luzon

The Off Shore Patrol craft were berthed at "Muele del Codo" Engineer Island in Manila's Port Area. During the Japanese campaign against Bataan they operated out of Sisiman Bay.[note 1] The American navy PT boats, Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three, under Lt. Bulkeley were also in the same Bay but alongside a tender the requisitioned tug Trabajador.[8]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Sisiman Cove" in Naval references of the time, but now geographically known as "Sisiman Bay" just to the east of Mariveles.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Alcaraz, Ramon, "The Untold Saga of the Philippine Army's PT Boats", Q-Boats: Heroes of the Off-Shore Patrol, Sea Classics, Vol. 36, Issue 7, July 2003, Retrieved February 13, 2016.
  2. ↑ Morton, Louis, "Chapter I: The Philippine Islands", The Fall of the Philippines, United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific, Part One: Prewar Plans and Preparations, p. 11
  3. 1 2 Ramos, Fidel V., "Enhancing security: The Philippine-American Memorial", Manila Bulletin, July 12, 2014, Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  4. ↑ "1934: Wartime Patrol", U.S. Naval Academy: Alumni Association & Foundation, 1999. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
  5. ↑ "They were Expendable Too: The Torpedo Boats of the Offshore Patrol", The Bataan Campaign, February 17, 2014, Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  6. ↑ Jurado, Gene, Page 7,Wartime Coastal Patrol - December 1941, Oroso Family Website, June 24, 2008, Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  7. 1 2 Morton, Louis. The War in the Pacific: Fall of the Philippines. 1953. Washington D.C.: Government Printing House, Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  8. ↑ Naval History And Heritage Command. "Trabajador". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History And Heritage Command. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.